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Topic: Silvio Gesell

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	Silvio Gesell - Vikipeedia
		Silvio Gesell oli Argentiina ärimees ja ökonomist kes käis välja demurrage mõiste.
		Gesell was an Argentine businessman and economist who has been neglected by many theoretical economists because of the--at first sight--unconventional nature of his "charge" or "demurrage" concept.
		Gesell's initial premise was that money as a medium of exchange should be considered a public service good (just as public transportation, for instance) and, therefore, that a small user fee should be levied on it.
	wiki.greengate.ee /index.php/Silvio_Gesell (255 words)

	Silvio Gesell / Biography
		Silvio Gesell was indeed a philosopher/economist who wrote in the early part of the century.
		Gesell's thought appealed to those like Pound who held left-wing sentiments -- loved the workers, at least in the abstract; hated the rich -- but felt that Marx's understanding of economics and society was too simplistic.
		Specifically Gesell (following Proudhon) felt Marx erred in not recognizing Finance as a separate class from Capital, that the interests of bankers were not identical with those of factory owners and that the bankers had greater power because of the nature of money itself.
	www.cooperativeindividualism.org /gesell_bio.html (592 words)

	Appendix (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Gesell rejected the plan of 5% compensated inflation and he also rejected proposals to raise the legal depreciation rate of the notes above what is needed to load money with the carrying costs to which, by their nature, the wares are subject - estimated at about 5% annually.
		Gesell's works are models of clear and stimulating exposition; they contain a noble wine, excellent for the palate though perhaps for many somewhat heady.
		Gesell's theory of interest is in harmony with the teaching of the Koran and should be welcomed in all Islamic countries.
	www.utopie.it /pubblicazioni/gesell/appendix.htm (2163 words)

	J.M. Keynes about Silvio Gesell
		Gesell was a successful German [175] merchant in Buenos Aires who was led to the study of monetary problems by the crisis of the late 'eighties, which was especially violent in the Argentine, his first work, Die Reformation im Münzwesen als Brücke zum socialen Staat, being published in Buenos Aires in 1891.
		Gesell, drawing to himself the semi-religious fervour which had formerly centred round Henry George, became the revered prophet of a cult with many thousand disciples throughout the world.
		He cites the comparative stability of the rate of interest throughout the ages as evidence that it cannot depend on purely physical characters, inasmuch as the variation of the latter from one epoch to another must have been incalculably greater than the observed changes in the rate of interest; i.e.
	userpage.fu-berlin.de /~roehrigw/keynes/engl.htm (1191 words)

	American Journal of Economics and Sociology, The: Free money for social progress: theory and practice of Gesell's ...
		Gesell was considered by some economists as a stage in heterodox economics between the monetary theory of Knut Wicksell and that of Keynes.(3) This was in part due to the fact that he analyzed a monetary economy and stated that economic crises have a monetary origin.
		The crises Gesell were interested in are deflationist ones, like the Argentinean crisis of the 1880s, which gave him the substance of his theory, and the worldwide one of the 1930s (during which Keynes wrote his General Theory).
		Gesell's theory was intended to change the economic organization of society and promote progress towards social justice and economic welfare, by way of freeing the economy and thus establishing what he called a natural economic order.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0254/is_4_57/ai_53449308 (1522 words)

	Werner Onken
		Gesell was of the opinion that this led to a dysfunction of the social system exhibiting very complex symptoms: the non-neutrality of interest-bearing money results in an inequitable distribution of income which no longer reflects actual differences in productivity.
		Gesell predicted that his proposed currency reform would gradually cause the "basic interest" component to disappear from the monetary loan rate leaving only a risk premium and an administrative charge to allow lending institutions to cover their costs.
		Gesell argued that as long as land remains a tradeable commodity and an object of speculative profit, the organic connection of human beings with the earth is disturbed.
	userpage.fu-berlin.de /~roehrigw/onken/engl.htm (3547 words)

	TheTransitioner : Silvio Gesell
		Silvio Gesell was born on Mar 17, 1862 in Sankt Vith (currently part of the Province of Liège, Belgium, but then part of Germany) as seventh of 9 children of protestant Prussian father (fiscal officer) and catholic Wallon mother (former teacher).
		Gesell left again his business to his son in 1911 and left to Oranienburg Eden, near Berlin, where a land reform movement initiated by Franz Oppenheimer was going on.
		Villa Gesell, in Buenos Aires, Argentina, is a resort which was created by Ernesto Gesell, Silvio's son.
	www.thetransitioner.org /wiki/tiki-index.php?page=Silvio+Gesell (695 words)

	English 2
		Silvio Gesell was born in 1862 in St. Vith, a town of eastern Belgium, as the son of a Vallonian mother and a German father.
		As is known, Keynes already studied Gesell in the twenty-third chapter, sixth section, of his General Theory, and defined his theory as "antimarxist socialism", which points out its potential significance as an alternative to capitalism and communism and a manner of overcoming the differences between the East and the West.
		Gesell and his theories - "I was totally at a loss to find any virtues." It was only after Keynes had developed his own concept of government interference that he recognized the significance of Gesell’s "profoundly original endeavours" though this did not motivate him to correct his own course of economic thought.
	sozialoekonomie.info /Info_Foreign_Languages/English_2/english_2.html (5686 words)

	Nobelpreis für Silvio Gesell posthum
		Gesell was the first economist who saw that Freiwirtschaft can only be realized, if land and money are common property administrated by the state.
		The public income gained by leasing of land and natural resources goes into the treasury of the state and is used, according to Gesell's idea, for the education of children.
		Furthermore, Gesell has clearly recognized and emphasized that in order to guarantee the Freiwirtschaft all goods produced by human work have to be private property.
	www.muslix.de /HB/nobel/nobel_e.htm (551 words)

	Basis-Info English
		Gesell used the term "basic interest" (Urzins) to denote this pure monetary interest rate of around 3-4% which is found to vary little historically.
		Gesell's theory of a Free Economy based on land and monetary reform may be understood a reaction both to the laissez-faire principle of classical liberalism as well as to Marxist visions of a centrally planned economy.
		Gesell's first co-worker, Georg Blumenthal (1879-1929), combined proposals for land and monetary reform with the concept of a droit naturel or natural social order, with which Francois Quesnay (1694-1774) and his fellow-Physiocrats had opposed feudal absolutism at the time of the French Enlightenment.
	www.sozialoekonomie.info /Info_Foreign_Languages/Basis-Info_English/basis-info_english.html (3446 words)

	Who, the hell, is Silvio Gesell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Silvio Gesell was born at St. Vith on the German-Luxembourg frontier of a German father and a French mother.
		In 1919 Gustav Landauer, one of the chief figures of the German Revolution of 1918-19, invited Gesell to become finance minister in the shortlived Bavarian Republic.
		Landauer was murdered in prison; Gesell was acquitted.
	www.systemfehler.de /en/neo/gesell.htm (294 words)

	Argentina On View - News and Press
		Silvio Gesell was the founder of the very well known "Casa Gesell" - that would be famous in South America due to the production and sale of babies' articles - and he became a brilliant economist.
		Silvio Gesell taught them something about Spanish language, and he inculcated them the love for Nature and books.
		In 1926, Carlos Gesell returned to Argentina to take position as Industrial Manager of "Casa Gesell", as his father had asked him to do, business weren't working well, and it was necessary to make some changes, and look for new directions.
	www.argentinaonview.com /english/novedades15-1.asp (676 words)

	Für einen Geldtheoretiker sind die Arbeiten Paolo Montis von besonderem Interesse
		Gesell’s followers were very bucked and felt highly honoured by Keynes assessment.
		According to Gesell a constant «Geldwertschwundrate», that is, rate of depreciation or decay of money would be a permanent stimulus for the demand for commodities.
		Unfortunately, the followers of Silvio Gesell have neither acknowledged the defect in their thesis nor have they come anywhere near a solution of the problem.
	www.uni-konstanz.de /FuF/wiwi/laufer/Paolo-Monti-Internet-Ausstellung/paolo-monti/laeufer_englisch.htm (1591 words)

	Freigeld or Schwundgeld (depreciative money) is a monetary concept, which was invented by Silvio Gesell and tried in ...
		Gesell argued that saved money will keep its value, while goods - which are not consumed - will loose value by getting old, rot or deteriorate.
		Retiring to Switzerland, Gesell brought out a periodical for currency and land reform and in 1906 wrote his main book "The Natural Economic Order", which described the concept of the Freiwirtschaft.
		In 1919 Gustav Landauer, one of the chief figures of the German Revolution of 1918-19, invited Gesell to become finance minister in the short-lived Bavarian Republic.
	www.germannotes.com /faq_freigeld.shtml (843 words)

	Municipal Historical File Museum
		Established in what once was the first family residence of Carlos Gesell, this house tranformed into a museum was built in December 1931, on the top a 9-meter dune, when the whole territory occupied by the village was nothing but a dune desert without trees.
		The first room is dedicated to Silvio Gesell —father of the village founder— in recognition of the economic theories he developed, and of the significant influence he had on his son, who inherited a remarkable inventive spirit.
		When leaving the facilities, it is advisable to visit the Forest Reserve in order to appreciate Gesell's work, as well as to go along the 70 m separating the museum from Don Carlos's Chalet, the second house inhabitted by the founder and his family from 1952 to his death, on June 6, 1979.
	www.welcomeargentina.com /paseos/museo_municipal_gesell/index_i.html (256 words)

	Silvio Gesell / On Taxing the Rental Value of Land
		Silvio Gesell / On Taxing the Rental Value of Land
		If the yield of the tax on rent is employed for the benefit of the cultivators of free land, for instance as a premium on imported grain or as a subsidy for the cultivation of waste land, the State, if it wishes, can confiscate rent completely.
		The present landowners will receive full compensation, in the form of government securities, for the loss of their rents.
	www.cooperativeindividualism.org /gesell_on_taxing_rent.html (781 words)

	European LETS Tour Report #4
		On the contrary: with acute fluctuation this percentage is demand with a wait-and-se attitude, paralyzed demand or a surplus of demand and is as such a permanent threat to stability, both to price-stability as well as in the field of employment.
		Gesell's theory of "drowning interest in an ocean of capital" is there for governments to put into practice.
		Gesell temporarily moved to the Potsdam area and later to the cooperative settlement of Eden-Oranieenburg,located to the north of Berlin and co-founded by Franz Oppenheimer, where he continued writing until his death in 1930.
	www.cyberclass.net /turmel/t99eu4.htm (4606 words)

	The American Journal of Economics and Sociology: The Political Economy of Silvio Gesell: A Century of Activism.@ ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Silvio Gesell (1862-1930) pioneered a version of the market economy that was about competitive entrepreneurship but not about capitalism.
		The financial interests of the hoarders of scarce bank financing and those leveraged with speculative land dealings were to be sacrificed for the greater good of a nation of free and enterprising men and women.
		Gesell was a radical reformer and quite a famous one, having received more than a respectful mention in John Maynard Keynes' The General Theory of Employment, Interest, and Money.
	highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?docid=1G1:68704400&refid=ink_tptd_mag (232 words)

	The Josef Hasslberger page: Economy
		John Maynard Keynes adopted some of the ideas of Gesell, saying at one point: “I believe that the future will learn more from the spirit of Gesell than it will learn from that of Marx”.
		But in practice, most people seem to seek freedom only for themselves, for their group or class, but still desiring power and control over others, even to the extent of accepting the danger of social unrest, revolution or war.
		Silvio Gesell wanted freedom for all and like others in the past whose call was directed to mankind as a whole, he found devoted followers in all countries, but no party that fought for his ideas.
	www.hasslberger.com /economy/eco_11.htm (305 words)

	Silvio Gesell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Jean Silvio Gesell (March 17, 1862–March 11, 1930) was a merchant (merchant: A businessperson engaged in retail trade) and finance theoretician.
		He founded the Freiwirtschaft (Freiwirtschaft: freiwirtschaft (german for free economy) is an economic doctrine founded by silvio...
		In 1906 he wrote his most famous book, The Natural Economic Order (The Natural Economic Order: the natural economic order is the most famous book of silvio gesell....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/silvio_gesell (209 words)

	COSMIC BASEBALL ASSOCIATION News & Information Archive
		A bidding war has begun for the cosmic baseball services of Silvio Gesell the St. Vith native who became an instrumental leader in the Free Money Movement of the 20th Century.
		The Paradise Pisces want Gesell and since the political economist was born on March 17, 1862 they have a clear claim for him.
		The Heartland Capitalists, a team of money-oriented individuals also have a clear claim given the fact that Gesell's intellectual fame rests on his work regarding political economy.
	www.cosmicbaseball.com /1101news.html (3858 words)

	Top Page 1
		Since fifty years when I first heard about Silvio Gesell I believed in the soundness of his ideas and the only reason for my reluctance to do more for them was the realization that the Keynesian methods caused a growing economy.
		In my youth, when I first heard about Gesell, I tried to prove to myself, that these ideas must have something wrong with them, which I just could not see and I was therefor a daily guest at a library for some years to find out what I could.
		If there is a God and Silvio Gesell was sent by him, I am on the side of the angels and I am glad of it.
	www.sunshinecable.com /~eisehan/English2 (2284 words)

	American Journal of Economics and Sociology, The: Editor's Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Finally, we are pleased to include in this number an article by Dr. Werner Onken on the political economy of Silvio Gesell, who died in 1930 at the age of 68.
		For many decades Gesell's name was kept alive among economists by Keynes' description of his life and work in the General Theory of Interest, Employment and Money ([1936], 1964, pp.
		The Gesellians demand that the natural order be restored by taxing away the unearned portion of the rent of land (a doctrine taught in the 19th century by Henry George in the United States) and, through monetary reform, driving the interest rate on borrowed financial capital down to something closer to zero.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0254/is_4_59/ai_68704397 (1389 words)

	Silvio Gesell : Robinson 1 en (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This »manga« (Japanese word for "comic strip") is based on "A Story of Robinson Crusoe" which Gesell wrote in 1920.
		Silvio Gesell (1862-1930) was a businessman who worried about the misery that was caused by economic crises and in which wide circles got caught.
		He recognized the dysfunctional flaw in the monetary system itself and wrote a number of books on the topic.
	www.appropriate-economics.org /ebooks/crusoe/ROBDE_01.htm (111 words)

	Galerie im Taxispalais - Mehrfach belichtet / Multiple exposure
		In Lachenmann's video portraits, a mixture of self-staging and being staged, this is already alluded to in the title "Code Talker": it refers to a secret language of the Navajos, which was developed in the early 19th century and placed at the disposal of the US Army in the World Wars of the 20th century.
		The point of departure for Matti Braun's La Pekuniala Teorio di Silvio Gesell is the German-French Silvio Gesell.
		In the early 20th century Gesell formulated the idea of so-called "free-money", which was briefly put into practice during the 1930s in Wörgl in Tirol, among other places.
	www.galerieimtaxispalais.at /ausstellungen/mehrfach/mehrfach_progindex_engl.htm (737 words)

	PKT message, Re: Silvio Gesell alive!
		On Thu, 08 Oct 1998 00:21, Zhiyuan Cui wrote: > Keynes devoted a whole section of chapter 23 in his General Theory to Silvo > Gesell(1862-1930),who was the Minister of Finance of Bavaria Soviet > Republic in April 1919.
		It is quite intereting to see in the following news that Gesell's idea is still alive in Zurich.
		Furthermore, a revised version of the English translation of Silvio Gesell's main work in political economy, "The Natural Economic Order" is scheduled to be coming out shortly with an interesting introduction by P. Corcoran.
	archives.econ.utah.edu /archives/pkt/1998m10-b/msg00077.htm (253 words)

	Silvio Gesell (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A monthly periodical advocating individualism and laissez-faire in contrast to state-control, 'the religion of slaves'.
		The economic parable about the arrival of a second ship-wrecked castaway on Robinson Crusoe's island with which Gesell introduces his analysis of interest in Chapter 1, Part 5 of The Natural Social Order, is reprinted from this periodical.
		A plea for elimination of bureaucracy in every sphere of life, and a forecast of the resulting society.
	www.cesc.net /radicalweb/radicalconsultation/pinschof/ap5.html (532 words)

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