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Topic: Silybum

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	Silybum marianum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Silybum marianum is an erect, annual (or biennial in California) herb growing from one to two meters tall with solitary purple flower heads 2.5-5 cm across.
		Silybum marianum is mainly confined to high fertility soils.
		Once Silybum has found a niche it is a competitive thistle and it tends to establish in tall dense patches that eliminate other plant species either by shading or by competition for moisture and nutrients.
	tncweeds.ucdavis.edu /esadocs/documnts/silymar.html (3102 words)

	A-SNAPP: Hibiscus Production Manual
		Silybum marianum, a member of the Aster family (Asteraceae or Compositae), is an annual or biennial which grows from 4 to 6 feet.
		Silybum marianum: Carduus Marianus, Cnicus marianus, St. Mary's Thistle, Marian Thistle, Milk Thistle, Holy Thistle (not to be confused with Blessed Thistle Cnicus benedictus).
		Silybum marianum is native to the Mediterranean area.
	www.herbs.org /africa/milkthistlemanual.html (1219 words)

	Silybum marianum
		While Silybum has not been specifically researched with regard to its hepatoprotective effect against metronidazole, its known properties and actions are well-suited to the task of reducing the drug's potentially damaging effects on the liver.
		Silybum marianum (milk thistle) has been shown to have clinical applications in the treatment of toxic hepatitis, fatty liver, cirrhosis, ischemic injury, radiation toxicity, and viral hepatitis via its antioxidative, anti-lipid peroxidative, antifibrotic, anti- inflammatory, immunomodulating, and liver regenerating effects.
		Abstract: Silymarin, a mixture of flavonolignans from medicinal plant Silybum marianum, is used in supportive treatment of liver diseases of different etiology due to its hepatoprotective activity, which is considered to involve antioxidative and the membrane stabilizing effects.
	www.home.caregroup.org /clinical/altmed/interactions/Herbs/Silybum_marianu.htm (8386 words)

	MILK THISTLE: RESEARCH ARTICLES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Silybum marianum (milk thistle) has been used for centuries as an herbal medicine for the treatment of liver disease.
		Silybum marianum (milk thistle) has been shown to have clinical applications in the treatment of toxic hepatitis, fatty liver, cirrhosis, ischemic injury, radiation toxicity, and viral hepatitis via its antioxidative, anti-lipid peroxidative, antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, and liver regenerating effects.
		Silymarin, a flavonoid extracted from the seeds of the milk thistle, Silybum marianum, increases the redox state and the total glutathione content of the liver, intestine, and stomach of the rat.
	www.chiro.org /nutrition/M_thistle.shtml (1077 words)

	Milk Thistle The Hep C Miracle Herb
		By Lucinda K Porter, RN Milk thistle, Silybum marianum, is the most commonly used herb for liver problems.
		Adding Silybum to bread products is an effective medicine with general restorative influence, increasing internal protection resources, capacity for work and vital activity anon 1998.
		Silymarin (mixture of flavonolignans from seeds of Silybum marianum) caused mild increase in HDL cholesterol without change in serum cholesterol in rats Skottova 1998.
	janis7hepc.com /Nutrition/milk_thistle_the_hep_c_miracle_h.htm (3252 words)

	EFFECT OF SILYBUM MARIANUM ON SERUM ALT AND WELL BEING IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS C
		Silybum marianum is a herbal preparation commonly used by subjects with CHC.
		Thus, the AIMS of this study are to assess the efficacy and safety of 600mg and 1200mg of silybum marianum on ALT levels and well being in patients with CHC.
		Subjects received 12 weeks of both silybum (either 600mg or 1200mg/d) and placebo given in random order across the cohort, with treatment periods separated by a 4 week washout interval.
	www.natap.org /2003/DDW/day9.htm (401 words)

	Silybum marianum Gaertn.
		Iran grown Silybum marianum, Matricaria chamomilla, Calendula officinalis and Cichorium intybus extracted with 70% ethanol were found to enhance the proliferation of lymphocytes after stimulation with the allogenic cells.
		Flavonoids of milk thistle, Silybum marianum fed to rats, reduced toxicity of T-2 toxin and was accompanied by reduction of a degree of change of activity of lysosomal enzymes and microsomal xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes.
		Silybum marianum, inhibited in vitro the copper-induced oxidation of human LDL in a concentration-dependent manner.
	www.herbmed.org /Herbs/Herb120.htm (3418 words)

	Liver Disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Silybum marianum is currently the most well researched plant in the treatment of liver disease (with over 450 published peer review papers).
		Silybum marianum is not water soluble and is typically administered as an encapsulated standardized extract (70-80% silymarin).
		Effect of the flavanolignans of Silybum marianum L. on lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes and freshly isolated hepatocytes.
	www.thorne.com /altmedrev/fulltext/liver3-6.html (4995 words)

	Milk Thistle
		However, Silybum is a classic example of thevalue of utilizing historical records for the development of modern herbproducts.
		In homeopathy the seed tincture is used for liver disorders, jaundice, gall stones, peritonitis, coughs, bronchitis, varicose veins, and congestion of the uterus (Schauenberg and Paris, 1977).
		A 1985 German monograph on the use of Silybum marianum in homeopathy includes indications for diseases of the gall bladder and liver.
	www.herbalgram.org /?c=milk_thistle (2371 words)

	just-food.com: Food Industry Message Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) was named Silybum by Dioscorides in 100 AD for its large purple thistle-like flower heads.
		Investigations were carried out to determine the antiulcer effects of silymarin, the hepatoprotective principle of Silybum marianum L. Gaertn., in gastric injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion and its effects on mucosal myeloperoxidase activity, an index of polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration, after injury in rats.
		Gastroprotection induced by silymarin, the hepatoprotective principle of Silybum marianum in ischemia-reperfusion mucosal injury: role of neutrophils.
	www.just-food.com /forums/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=3542 (2152 words)

	The Analyst - Internet Health Report: Treatment: Silymarin/Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In numerous clinical studies, silymarin has been shown to have positive effects in treating virtually every type of liver disease including cirrhosis, hepatitis, and chemical- or alcohol-induced fatty liver.
		Silymarin preparations are widely used in Europe, where a considerable body of evidence points to very low toxicity even when used for long periods of time.
		Silybum Marianum (80% extract), 200 to 300mg three times per day, protects the liver.
	www.digitalnaturopath.com /treat/T13209.html (554 words)

	Variability pattern and correlation studies in Silybum marianum Gaertn.
		Variability pattern and correlation studies in Silybum marianum Gaertn.
		Phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variability, heritability in broad sense and genetic advance were determined investigating the characters of 15 accessions of Silybum marianum.
		Seed yield/plant and number of capsules/plant had highest estimates of genotypic variation, heritability and genetic advance which suggest that direct selection for these traits is suitable for the improvement of this crop.
	www.skyeherbals.com /forum/index.php?topic=94.0 (323 words)

	eMJA: ADRAC, An adverse reaction to the herbal medication milk thistle (Silybum marianum) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Milk Thistle Vegicaps contain Silybum marianum (commonly known as milk thistle), a plant which is native to southern Europe, southern Russia, Asia Minor and North Africa.
		The active constituents of Silybum marianum fruit include a group of flavonolignans known collectively as silymarin.
		Flora K, Hahn M, Rosen H, Benner K. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) for the therapy of liver disease.
	www.mja.com.au /public/issues/mar1/boyd/boyd.html (1080 words)

	Milk Thistle - Silybum marianum
		Milk thistle preparations are from the seeds of Silybum marianum, a member of the sunflower family native to a narrow area of the Mediterranean, but grown for centuries throughout Europe and naturalized on that continent.
		Dioscorides, a first century Greek physician who served the Roman army, gave the name Silybum to a number of edible thistles.
		Now the genus name Silybum is given to two species originating from the Mediterranean region, including our subject Silybum marianum.
	www.stevenfoster.com /education/monograph/milkthistle.html (1894 words)

	Diagnose-Me: Treatment: Silymarin/Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum)
		Silymarin, the flavonoid extracted from milk thistle, has been studied for treating all types of liver disease.
		One small pilot study found that at least 420mg of silymarin was necessary each day.[3] A controlled investigation found that silymarin decreased liver damage.[4] One study has suggested that silymarin may be more effective for hepatitis B as opposed to hepatitis C.[5]
		Milk thistle is renowned for its ability to support and stimulate the liver, the organ primarily responsible for ridding the body of alcohol.
	www.diagnose-me.com /treat/T13224.html (800 words)

	Conference Reports (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The mean total SF36 score increased with silybum therapy compared to baseline (73.7(+/-)19.4 v 60.6(+/-)17.6; p=0.003) but not compared to placebo (p=0.74).
		The mean ALT after treatment with silybum was not significantly different compared to placebo (87U/L(+/-)36 v 103U/L(+/-)60;p=0.10) and baseline levels (97U/L(+/-)46).
		Silybum is safe and well tolerated in subjects with chronic hepatitis C. However, silybum does not significantly affect QOL, anxiety or ALT values compared to placebo, and hence appears to have little efficacy in CHC, but does result in a significant increase in STAI S-anxiety score.
	www.hcvadvocate.org /news/reports/Day3.html (13251 words)

	Stimulatory Effects of Silibinin and Silicristin from the Milk Thistle Silybum marianum on Kidney Cells -- ...
		Hahn G, Lehmann HD, Kürten M, Uebel H and Vogel G (1968) On the pharmacology and toxicology of silymarin, an antihepatotoxic active principle from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.
		Sonnenbichler J, Mattersberger J and Rosen H (1976) Stimulation of RNA synthesis in rat liver and isolated hepatocytes by silybin, an antihepatotoxic agent from Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.
		Wagner H, Hörhammer L and Münster R (1968) On the chemistry of silymarin (silybin), the active principle of the fruits from Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/290/3/1375 (5504 words)

	Planet Herbs Discussion Board >> Hildegard von Bingen/Silybum marianum
		"The flavanolignans of Silybum marianum appear to be the most specific in their activity.
		The activity of this class of substance is due to stabilization of the liver membrane and stimulation of protein bisynthesis in the liver nucleus."
		Stimulierung der RNA-synthese in Rattenleber und an isolierten Hepatozyten durch Silybin, einem antihepatotoxischen Wirkstoff aus Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.
	www.planetherbs.com /discus/messages/59/275.html (201 words)

	Veterinary Botanical Medicine Association
		The potential benefit of silymarin (extracted from the seeds of Silybum marianum or milk thistle) in the treatment of liver diseases remains a controversial issue.
		The cows of test groups were given for a fortnight feed rations containing a meal of milk thistle (Silybum marianum, L., Gaert.) seeds, at a rate of 0.3 kg per head/day with the contents of 2.34% silybin and silydianin (substances of the so called silymarin complex of the flavonolignane group).
		The hepatoprotective action of silymarin, the active principle extracted from the fruit of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., in animals (dogs, rabbits, rats, mice) intoxicated with phalloidine is evident, both after protective and curative treatment.
	www.vbma.org /displaycommon.cfm?an=1&subarticlenbr=4 (4018 words)

	http://www.immunesupport.com
		Milk thistle, known to botanists as Silybum marianum, is a member of the aster or sunflower family (Asteraceae or Compositae).
		Dioscorides, a first century Greek physician gave the name Silybum to a number of edible thistles.
		Now the genus name Silybum is given to two species originating from the Mediterranean region, the milk thistle (Silybum marianum) and the elephant or ivory thistle (Silybum eburneum).
	www.immunesupport.com /96jul006.htm (1169 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: First Report of Silybum Marianum As a Host of Puccinia Punctiformis
		Interpretive Summary: The rust fungus, Puccinia punctiformis, is well known as a pathogen of Canada thistle throughout the world.
		Recently we found the fungus parasitizing Silybum marianum in our quarantine greenhouse.
		Analysis of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequences from fungal spore DNA isolated from the two hosts showed the organism to be the same.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=138142&pf=1 (463 words)

	References
		Morazzoni P, Bombardelli E. Silybum marianum (Carduus marianus).
		Bosisio E, Benelli C, Pirola O. Effect of the flavanolignans of Silybum marianum L. on lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes and freshly isolated hepatocytes.
		Schriewer H, Weinhold F. The influence of silybin from Silybum marianum (L.) gaertn.
	www.medscape.com /content/2002/00/42/28/422884/422884_ref.html (1580 words)

	Milk Thistle / Silybum marianum / Carduus marianus syn. Silybum marianum / Mary Thistle / Silybum / Silymarin / Marian ...
		Milk Thistle / Silybum marianum / Carduus marianus syn.
		Milk thistle extract is a potent antioxidant which prevents harm from free radicals and lends nutritional support to the liver.
		Milk thistle extract is most commonly recommended to counteract the harmful actions of alcohol on the liver.
	www.herbalremedies.com /milkthistle1.html (935 words)

	All words on Milk thistle
		The milk thistles are the genus Silybum of flowering plants, in the daisy family (Asteraceae).
		The two species hybridise naturally, and the hybrid is known as Silybum × gonzaloi.
		A number of other plants have been classified in this genus in the past but have since been relocated elsewhere in the light of further research.
	www.allwords.org /mi/milk-thistle.html (463 words)

	Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum), Silymarin
		A pilot study on the liver protective effect of silybinphosphatidylcholine complex (IdB1016) in chronic active hepatitis.
		De Martiis M, Fontana M, Assogna G, D'Ottavi R, D'Ottavi O. [Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) derivatives in the therapy of chronic hepatopathies] Clin Ter 1980;94(3):283-315.
		DiCenzo R, Shelton M, Jordan K, Koval C, Forrest A, Reichman R, Morse G. Coadministration of milk thistle and indinavir in healthy subjects.
	allnutritionals.com /natural-products/milk-thistle-silybum-marianum-silymarin.shtml (1756 words)

	Dried Herbs S (by common name)
		MARY'S THISTLE (Silybum marianum) 1kg - Organically Grown
		MARY'S THISTLE (Silybum marianum) 250g - Organically Grown
		MARY'S THISTLE (Silybum marianum) 500g - Organically Grown
	www.globalherbalsupplies.com /shop/category247_7.htm (190 words)

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