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Topic: Sima Guang

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	Tomb of Sima Guang
		The Tomb of Sima Guang and his ancestors is located on Mingtiao Hill, 15 kilometers north of Xiaxian County, Shanxi Province.
		Sima Guang (1019-1086) was a famous historian and statesman during the Song Dynasty (907-1127).
		In front of the memorial hall are five stele pavilions with four divine steles of Sima Guang.
	www.chinaculture.org /gb/en_travel/2003-09/24/content_32694.htm (296 words)

	Sima Qian - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In 105 BC, Sima Qian was among the scholars chosen to reform the calendar.
		Before Sima Qian, histories were written as dynastic history; his idea of a general history affected later historiographers like Zhengqiao (鄭樵) in writing Tongshi (通史) and Sima Guang (司馬光) in writing Zizhi Tongjian (資治通鑑).
		Sima Qian was also good at illustrating the response of the character by placing him in a sharp confrontation and letting his words and deeds speak for him.
	www.sitetunnel.com /cgi-bin/nph-sitetunnel.cgi/001010A/http/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sima_Qian (1725 words)

	Sima
		Sima Yi, renowned strategist during the Three Kingdoms, ultimate adversary of Zhuge Liang in Romance of the Three Kingdoms and the revered progenitor of the Jin Dynasty (265-420).
		Sima Zhao, son of Sima Yi and younger brother of Sima Shi, de facto ruler of the Kingdom of Wei and the origin of a Chinese proverb.
		Sima Yan, also known as the Emperor Wu of Jin China, was a son of Sima Zhao.
	encyclopedia.codeboy.net /wikipedia/s/si/sima.html (254 words)

	The Song Confucians
		Sima Guang, prime minister after Wang Anshi and a Confucian scholar, edited one of the greatest imperial histories in Chinese history, called the Comprehensive Mirror in Aid of Governance.
		Throughout Chinese history up to early 20th century, however, history was considered an appendage to the Confucian classics, to use specific cases to highlight the correct or incorrect implementation of the sage's teachings, and the consequences.
		The same message is conveyed in Sima Guang's account of the conversation between Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty and his Imperial Censor who kept the records of his deeds and words, that a loyal minister would record the words and deeds of the emperor truthfully for the sake of the empire.
	www.iun.edu /~hisdcl/h425/songhistory.htm (951 words)

	Disputes between Wang AnShi, Sima Guang and Su Shi - China History Forum, online chinese history forum
		Sima Guang was a conservative Confucian who believed that the state should concentrate on nurturing agriculture and setting a moral example for the people, and not interfere in their lives or obsess over taxation and revenue in the Legalist manner.
		Sima was from an old northern clan that liked the examinations to be dominated by the elite, and favoured a system of recommendation by the elite for selecting exam candidates.
		Sima Guang thought finance/economy was a zero sum game, whatever coin gained by the state would mean coin reduced from the populace, taking a lesson from Sang Hong Yang (桑弘羊) who deceived Emperor Wu of Han dynasty and caused misery to the populace.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=2887 (1697 words)

	NIKKO TOURIST ASSOCIATION
		The water-jug was the treasure of Sima's father.
		Sima was thinking of father's anger, but the father admired Sima's behavior and taught the importance of life.
		An impressive scene of this legend is carved in the center of the Yomeimon Gate.
	www.nikko-jp.org /english/toshogu/kodomo.html (187 words)

	Genealogy of the Jin (Sima) imperial clan - China History Forum, online chinese history forum
		Sima Yu was adopted over to be the heir of his uncle Sima Jian 柬 (who had died in 291 at the age of 29), and Sima Di was adopted over to be the heir of his uncle Sima Yu 裕, who had died at the age of 6 in 277.
		Sima Yi, Prince of Changsha, was the capable 6th son of Sima Yan who helped his younger brother Sima Ying 颖 and cousin Sima Yong 顒 to overthrow the despotic Prince of Qi, Sima Jiong 冏 (Sima Jiong had taken control of the government after the overthrow of Sima Lun) in 302.
		Sima Jun1's son Sima Liang 量 was Prefect of Yuzhang 预章, Sima Liang's son Sima Jun4 俊 was the Prefect of Yingchuan 颍川, and Sima Jun4's son Sima Fang 防 was the Mayor of Chang'an and the father of Sima Yi.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=99&st=15 (3454 words)

	Sima Guang Biography / Profile
		Sima Guang (also known as Ssu-ma Kuang) is one of the prominent individuals in early Chinese history.
		Born in Hunan Province in 1019, he was intensively educated in the Confucian classics and influenced by the historical writings of Gao Qun and the commentaries of the Zuozhuan (Zuo tradition).
		From 1038 to 1060, Sima Guang established a...
	www.enotes.com /salem-lit/sima-guang (118 words)

	Sima Qian - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Sima Qian - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Court astrologer to Wudi of the Western (Earlier) Han dynasty, Sima Qian was the author of the...
		Chu ci inspired and influenced a form of prose-poetry known as fu, which was developed by poets in the Han court.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Sima_Qian.html (104 words)

	Northern Song dynasty - History of China
		The historicists, led by Sima Guang, advocated incremental reforms; the classicists, led by Wang Anshi, advocated radical changes to restore the legendary age of the sage kings.
		Sima Guang believed that maintaining a dynasty required regular upkeep of ritual and law; he wrote a history of China up to the end of the ‘five dynasties’ period called The Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government.
		Sima Guang wrote a letter emphasizing the value the emperor put on Wang’s policies and the consequent importance of Wang changing his ways.
	www.melanconent.com /lib/knowl/history/china/song/north.html (1520 words)

	China Stamps 2004-11 Scott 3363-5 Sima Guang Breaking the Vat
		Sima Guang (1019 --- 1086 AD) was a Prime Minister and outstanding historian of the Northern Song Dynasty.
		As a young boy, Sima Guang was a diligent and curious student, showing an outstanding intelligence.
		When he was six or seven years old, once he was playing with his friends in the courtyard, when a child fell into a large vat full of water.
	www.xabusiness.com /china-stamps-2004/2004-11.htm (284 words)

	Falun Dafa Clearwisdom.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Sima Guang, who was a contemporary of Fan Zhongyan's, was a government official for over 40 years.
		During the summer when the weather was extremely hot, Sima Guang dug a 10-foot-deep hole in the yard and lived there.
		Sima Guang's sons are all respected as being frugal and self-disciplined.
	clearwisdom.net /emh/articles/2005/8/5/63616p.html (496 words)

	Letteratura cinese
		Qin Shihuangdi, il cui corpo giace nel mausoleo di Xi’an, che con il suo esercito dei soldati e cavalli di terracotta è ormai diventato famosissimo in tutto il mondo, nel 213 a.C. ordina di distruggere tutte le opere storiche e quelle dei filosofi appartenenti a scuole diverse da quelle dei Legisti.
		Sima Qian, paragonato a Tucidide e a Tacito, ha rappresentato per secoli il modello di tutti gli storici cinesi.
		Il più impostante autore di opere storiche di questo periodo è Sima Guang (1019-1086) che scrive "Specchio generale per l’arte di governare", in 294 capitoli e abbraccia tutta la storia cinese dal 403 a.C. al 959 d.C., con un rigido ordine cronologico.
	www.tuttocina.it /Tuttocina/Letteratura/lettcin.htm (1894 words)

	Modern Chinese Paintings to be Auctioned in HK
		In the sale of classical Chinese paintings and calligraphy, a very important piece is a hand scroll of calligraphy by Sima Guang (1019-1086), a scholar and official in the Northern Song Dynasty.
		Sima Guang, also a well-known historian, saw to completion "Zi Zhi Tong Jian," which records the Chinese history from 403 B.C. to the Northern Song.
		As there are only three other known pieces by Sima Guang, the scroll will undoubtedly generate enormous interest from the public, says Christie's.
	english.peopledaily.com.cn /english/200004/14/eng20000414_38911.html (380 words)

	Upto11.net - Wikipedia Article for Sima (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Sima Shi, son of Sima Yi Sima Zhao, son of Sima Yi and younger brother of Sima Shi, de facto ruler of the Kingdom of Wei and the origin of a Chinese proverb.
		During secondary fermentation raisins are added to control the amount of sugars and to act as an indicator of readiness for consumption andmdash; they will rise to the top of the bottle when the drink is ready.
		Sima is usually accompanied by munkkeja (donuts and other pastries).
	www.upto11.net /generic_wiki.php?q=sima (300 words)

	UNESCO Courier: China: the emperor's all-seeing eye - includes related article on Sima Qian - In Pursuit of the Past: ...
		Sima Guang's three main collaborators, themselves celebrated historians, gathered the greatest number of documents possible from official and private libraries and then classified under theme headings and in chronological order.
		Sima Guang made the final selection, taking as his criterion of choice from the enormous range of material available those items that he considered would provide the information most useful si to a sovereign.
		During the troubled political times of the Northern and Southern dynasties (222-598 AD), the function of the Grand Historian of the court was limited to astrology and the calendar.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1310/is_1990_March/ai_8929489/pg_2 (476 words)

	2nd_page
		Sima Guang is an important figure in Chinese history and Chinese historiography.
		This is the first book on Sima Guang's career and thought in the English language.
		Ji traces the development of Sima Guang's political career and analyzes the strength of his conservative ideas.
	www.chineseupress.com /asp/e_Book_card.asp?BookID=1870&Lang=E (294 words)

	Sima Guang Biography (1019–86) (also spelled Ssu-ma Kuang) Online Encyclopedia Article About Sima Guang Biography ...
		Sima Guang Biography (1019–86) (also spelled Ssu-ma Kuang) Online Encyclopedia Article About Sima Guang Biography (1019–86) (also spelled Ssu-ma Kuang)
		Sima Guang Biography (1019–86) (also spelled Ssu-ma Kuang)
		Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /Cambridge/entries/040/Sima-Guang.html (144 words)

	Long United, Must Divide: Corruption, Rebellion and the fall of the Han Dynasty (by Moses Kong)
		With this added burden on the peasantry, the stage was set for a large-scale revolt in the volatile rural areas of China.
		7: Sima Guang, “Chronicle of Later Han”, Emperor Huan and Emperor Ling Vol.
		Over the course of the uprising, the wealth of the eunuchs accumulated as did their power and control over the state because of the absence of government officials (12).
	www.kongming.net /novel/writings/jiangzhi/long_united_must_divide.php (2516 words)

	3kingdoms.net Frontier Palace - Dual Bios (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Note that this version happens to be the one that Sima Guang used in ZZTJ.
		I should also point out that historians have questioned Meng Da's referral to Sima Yi (Sima Gong) in his letter to Zhuge Liang and that Jin historians had probably altered the letter to reflect this political correctness.
		Sima Yi's biography can only be found in Jin Shu as far as I know.
	www.3kingdoms.net /forum/showthread.php?s=d98aabb49f8c341168be1660f48ef104&threadid=11705 (1898 words)

	Sima Guang - A Chinese folktale - Stories from Around the World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Once there was a young boy named Sima Guang.
		Guang saved his friend so he wouldn't drown.
		Sima Guang grew up to become a very well-known secretary of state in Chinese history.
	www.midtesol.org /ClassProjects/project1/story4e.htm (107 words)

	Chinese Literature - Tongjian gangmu éé‘‘ç¶±ç® (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		Living a century later than Sima Guang, the creator of the universal history Zizhi tongjian "Comprehensive mirror for aid in government", he believed this eminent work not yet worthy enough to be an adequate successor of the Spring and Autumn annals.
		Zhu Xi therefore invented the pattern of gang (drawing rope of a fisher's net) and mu (meshes of the net) to create a kind of historiography that was quite similar to the twin classics of the Spring and Autumn Annals and the Zuozhuan.
		Although Zhu Xi adopted the text of Sima Guang's Zizhi tongjian, he used a special terminology to make a judgement of acting persons and their behavior.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /Literature/Historiography/tongjiangangmu.html (986 words)

	Han Dynasty
		The western-eastern Han convention is used nowadays to avoid confusion with the Later Han Dynasty of the Period of the Five Dynasties and the Ten Kingdoms although the former-later nomenclature was used in history texts including Sima Guang's Zizhi Tongjian.
		The Han period produced China's most famous historian, Sima Qian (145-87 B.C.?), whose Records of the Grand Historian provides a detailed chronicle from the time of legendary Xia emperor to that of the Emperor Wu (141-87 B.C.).
		Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, two in a group of about 900 soldiers assigned to defend against the Xiongnu, were the leaders of the first rebellion.
	usapedia.com /h/han-dynasty.html (1915 words)

	Publikationen_Juergen_Ritter
		Sima Guangs (1019-1086) Zizhi tongjian (Durchgehender Spiegel zur Hilfe bei der Regierung, fertiggestellt im Jahr 1084) gilt als das zweite große Geschichtswerk in der Geschichte Chinas nach Sima Qians Shiji.
		In 294 Kapiteln wird die politische Ereignisgeschichte von 1362 Jahren (403 v.u.Z. bis 959) in annalistischer Form (biannianti) dargestellt, jeweils weitere 30 Kapitel widmet Sima Guang einer textkritischen Auseinandersetzung mit dem verwendeten Material (kaoyi) und einem "Index", mulu.
		Die Vielzahl der verwendeten Quellen (die Offiziellen Geschichtswerke, Wahrhafte Berichte, Chroniken, vermischte Geschichten, private Biographien, geographische Arbeiten, literarische Sammlungen, Inschriften, Gedichte, Anekdoten etc.), die zum Teil nur noch auf diesem Weg erhalten sind, machen das Werk bis heute zu einem unschätzbaren Nachschlagwerk für die verschiedenen Dynastien in dem behandelten Zeitraum.
	www.uni-tuebingen.de /sinologie/sino/archiv/staff/rittepub.htm (538 words)

	San Jose Libraries /All Locations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Sima Guang po gang / tu, Wang Wei ; wen, Liu Juan.
		Taibei Shi : Feng che tu shu chu ban you xian gong si, zong jing xiao san hui tu shu fa xing you xian gong si, 1998.
		Sima Guang po gang -- Wang Mian zi xue zheng hua jia.
	mill1.sjlibrary.org:90 /kids/0/search/a?Liuquan (61 words)

	Chinese Literature - Zizhi tongjian è³æ²»éé‘’ (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		The historians Sima Tan and his son Sima Qian had invented a style of history writing that divided the whole book into two to five different types of chapters.
		The Song Dynasty scholar Sima Guang (1019-1086) decided to compile a universal history in this style that reached from the Warring States period (409 BC) to begin of Song Dynasty (959 AD).
		His book should serve as a guideline for the crown prince to govern in a righteous way and to learn from the faults of the past, and from the wise and clever rulers.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /Literature/Historiography/zizhitongjian.html (1220 words)

	Classical Chinese reader - Introduction
		Either of these books will be useful for the background to the events covered by Huo Guang's biography, but the most interesting aspect is the comparison between the two.
		Broadly speaking, Michael Loewe follows the traditional Chinese view, that Huo Guang was a faithful servant of the Emperors under whom he served, while Liu Pak-yuen sees him as a manipulator who usurped the legitimate powers of the Emperors.
		(Huo Yu was Huo Guang's son and Huo Yang was the great-grandson of a cousin.) Under Huo Guang (on p.
	www.staff.hum.ku.dk /dbwagner/TB/TB.html (5640 words)

	XVth EACS-Conference - Abstracts - Section B: Literature (classical and modern)
		The origin of subcommentary writing shu in China is generally traced back to Buddhist sutra interpretation and its influence on a particular commentary form that developed during the Six dynasties.
		By completely taking over the canonical interpretation and integrating it with his own understanding, Sima Guang chose an approach that differed considerably from established subcommentary writing as examplified by the commentary of Xiao Bing.
		The paper will present the particularities of Sima Guang's approach by comparing his work with the subcommentary by Xiao Bing.
	sun.sino.uni-heidelberg.de /eacs2004/content/abstracts/section-b.php?section=6&subsection=63 (9374 words)

	Sima - TheBestLinks.com - Finland, Sima Qian, Mead, Three Kingdoms, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Sima - TheBestLinks.com - Finland, Sima Qian, Mead, Three Kingdoms,...
		Sima, Finland, Sima Qian, Mead, Three Kingdoms, Han Dynasty, Chinese family...
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	www.thebestlinks.com /Sima-bp-redirect-v-no-ep-.html (275 words)

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