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	African Specialist Features and Articles - Ethiopia - Conservation
		It is now practically restricted to the Simien Mountains, where the population has declined from at least 1,000 individuals in the 1940’s to no more than 200 today — a result of extensive hunting during the Italian occupation and recent civil war.
		The Simien Mountain National Park, gazetted in 1969 to protect the country’s highest mountain range, is visited by many hikers as an extension of the “historical circuit”.
		Mountain nyalas are abundant in the juniper-hagenia forest at the park headquarters at Dinsho.
	www.africaguide.com /features/trvafmag/017.htm (1837 words)

	Yumo Tours Ethiopia - Simien Mountains (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Simien Mountains rise to the snow-covered peak of Mount Ras Deshen, at 4620m, the fourth highest peak in Africa.
		The Simien Mountains National Park was one of the first sites to be made a World Heritage Site by UNESCO (1978); however, due to serious population declines of the characteristic native species, in 1996 it was also added to the List of World Heritage Sites in danger.
		The Simien Mountains are home to the Walia Ibex, Gelada Baboon and the Ethiopian Wolf (formerly know as the Simien Fox) as well as 63 species of birds (7 endemix to Ethipia) including thick-billed raven, White-collared Pigeon, Wattled Ibis, White-billed Starling, Spot-breasted Plover, White-backed Black Tit.
	www.yumo.net /trekking_routes/simien_mountains.html (251 words)

	Simien National Park - World Heritage Site - Pictures, info and travel reports
		Comprising one of the principal mountain massifs of Africa, the Simien mountains are made up of several plateaus, separated by broad river valleys.
		The dramatic landscape of the Simien Mountains is the result of massive seismic activity in the area about 40 million years ago.
		The Simian mountains just after the rainy season is a mystical place with earths rare creatures hidden within her deep valleys and mountainous peaks.
	www.worldheritagesite.org /sites/simien.html (1120 words)

	Gondar and the Simien Mountains of Ethiopia
		The Simien Mountains are really the edge of a huge volcanic plateau and dramatic cliffs drop down to the hot lowland plains to the north.
		During the short Italian occupation of the country Walter Bonatti recorded some climbs in the Simien; little has been done since and the potential is great although much of the rock is of rather poor volcanic origin.
		A section of the Simien Mountains has been designated a National Park and within this area the remnants of the once magnificent Afro-Alpine moorlands are being protected from the further encroachment of cultivation.
	www.kilimanjaro.cc /eam/gondar.htm (939 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Ethiopian montane moorlands (AT1008)
		In Simien Mountains National Park, recorded temperatures range from a minimum of -2.5° to 4°C to a maximum of 11° to 18°C. On the Sanetti Plateau of the Bale Mountains diurnal ranges of 40°C (-15°C to + 26°C) have been recorded (Hedberg 1997).
		The highest point of the Simien Mountains National Park is 4,430 m, and the highest point of the Bale Mountains National Park is 4,377 m.
		Lack of adaptations and the mountain nyala’s presence at lower altitudes suggests that this is a relict population and not a montane specialist (Kingdon 1989).
	www.worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/at/at1008_full.html (2739 words)

	Simien says - Travel
		It is our first of nine days' trekking through the Simien Mountains, and our remaining 500ml of water must last us another 15 kilometres until we reach our camp site.
		And to think, these mountains are the reason I came to Ethiopia.
		Gonder is the closest airport hub to the Simien Mountains.
	www.smh.com.au /articles/2004/01/27/1075087999562.html (1666 words)

	National Parks in Ethiopia
		Ethiopia is also a land of natural contrasts, from the tops of the rugged Simien mountains to the depths of the Danakil Depression, at 120 meters below sea level one of the lowest dry land points on earth.
		The establishment of the 2,400-square-kilometre Bale Mountains National Park was crucial to the survival of the mountain nyala, Menelik's bushbuck and the Simien red fox.
		Twenty kilometers north-east of Gondar, the Simien Mountains National Park covers 179 square kilometers of highland area at an average elevation of 3,300 meters.
	www.selamta.net /national_parks.htm (1111 words)

	AFRICA - Explore the Regions - Ethiopian Highlands
		The last mammal species in the world to be scientifically classified (in 1919), the mountain nyala, an endemic antelope, is confined to the forests of the Bale National Park, primarily around Lake Zwai.
		Mountain nyalas congregate in herds of five to ten animals.
		By the late 1990s, there were believed to be about 400 wolves left in the Bale and Simien mountains.
	www.pbs.org /wnet/africa/explore/ethiopia/ethiopia_animals_lo.html (457 words)

	The Simien Mountains - Ethiopia
		Then we were transported by minibus to Debark and the Simien Park Hotel.
		The advice to walkers must be to visit the Simien Mountains now before this magical place is spoilt by a tourist hotel.
		This is one of the rarest animals in the world being confined to the Simien Mountains and numbering only about 400 individuals.
	www.geocities.com /Yosemite/1015/sim.htm (2118 words)

	Gondarlink \| Traveller's Guide \| Simien Mountains (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Simien range lies north of Gondar and to the east of the main road to Axum.
		The Simien range is one of Africa's largest mountain ranges: many of its peaks rise above 4,000m and Mount Ras Dashen (4,620m) is the highest point in Ethiopia and the fourth highest peak in Africa.
		Most parts of the Simiens are inaccessible to vehicles, but the range is crossed by a number of tracks used by the local people, which make ideal walking routes.
	www.gondarlink.org.uk /travellers_guide/historic_route/simien_mountains.shtml (1015 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Articles - Cousins - visiting the Simien Mountains
		Approaching the Simien Mountains from the south, the gradient is fairly gentle and doesn't in any way prepare you for the spectacular scenery that awaits at the top of the massif.
		The massif itself has been sculpted by 30 million years of upthrust and erosion into a wonderland of jagged ridges, pinnacles and strangely cropped conical mountains, so that looking out over the heart-stopping precipice, you feel you might just be at the edge of the world.
		Getting to the Simien Mountains may not be easy, but it's a wonderful place and will reward an adventurous spirit.
	www.bbc.co.uk /nature/animals/features/123travel.shtml (786 words)

	[No title]
		The mission’s objective was to reach some of the remote areas difficult to access in the eastern parts of the Simien Mountains and to obtain first hand information on the actual situation concerning general living conditions, agricultural and food security status of the population.
		The Simien Mountains are part of the afro-alpine zone with mostly short shrub and heather (Erica arborea) vegetation used partly for sedentary grazing and browsing.
		Most of them are chronically food insecure and particularly people living in remote areas around the Simien Mountains and in the Tekeze River watershed have to deal with and accept that they have, due to the remoteness, only a limited range of coping mechanisms at their disposal to face climatic unpredictability.
	www.africa.upenn.edu /eue_web/gond1099.doc (6134 words)

	The Ethiopia Story: Africa's Historic Route
		The Bale Mountains with their vast moorlands- the lower reaches covered with St. John's wort- and their extensive heathland, virgin woodlands, pristine mountain streams and alpine climate remain an untouched and beautiful world.
		The establishment of the 2,1400 square km Bale Mountains National Park was crucial to the survivals of the mountain nyala, Menelik's busbuck and the Simien red fox.
		The Simien Mountain massif is s broad plateau, cut off to the north and west by an enormous single crag over 60 km long.
	www.africa-ata.org /ethiopia_journey.htm (1594 words)

	Animal Info - Ethiopian Wolf
		Wolf populations occur north of the Rift Valley in the Simien Mountains, Mount Guna, North Wollo and South Wollo highlands, and Menz.
		By the late 1970's it was thought to survive in only four populations - in the Simien Mountains and northeastern Shoa in the north, and in the Bale Mountains and the Arussi Mountains in the south.
		In the Bale Mountains, wolf density is high for a social carnivore of its size and is positively correlated with density of rodent prey and negatively with vegetation height.
	www.animalinfo.org /species/carnivor/canisime.htm (2334 words)

	LALIBELA & THE SIMIEN MOUNTAINS
		After visiting the mediaeval castles at Gondar, we head into the Simien Mountains for a spectacular trek.
		These mountains are vast and unique, a highland plateau capped by a dramatic skyline of jagged volcano plugs and split by deep gorges and gullies.
		We are specialists in adventure holidays, walking holidays, trekking holidays, cycling holidays, biking holidays, cultural tours, small groups, family holidays, safari holidays, adventure travel, overland journeys, multi activity holidays, snow winter activity holidays, wildlife holidays and award winning eco tours and vacations.
	www.exodus.co.uk /holidays/ayc.html (241 words)

	Trekking in the Simien Mountains
		Join Mike Speaks, one of our premier guides, for this spectacular trek in Ethiopia's Simien Mountains, noted for their dizzying escarpments, mile-deep canyons, and mesmerizing ranks of peaks, mesas, and spires.
		Day 4 ~ Drive to the Simien National Park at Sankaber and hike to our first campsite on the precipitous Simien escarpment, where there are wonderful views of the sculpted mountains, gorges and ambas (sheer-walled columns—the fossil “plugs” of old volcanic vents) reminiscent of our own American Southwest.
		Along with spectacular views of mountain ranges and impressive escarpments, you’ll have a good chance to spot the rare Walia ibex, who browse the inaccessible cliff faces, as well as Gelada baboons, who feed on grass near the edge of the abyss.
	www.mtsobek.com /mts/tsm (534 words)

	Trekking
		The Simien Mountains present perhaps the most dramatic mountain scenery in Africawith fantastic crags,pinnacles and flat topped mountains which tower over gorges,river valleys and plains.
		The Simien Mountains can easliy be combined with a tour of the Historic Route.
		This fairly new trekking route is in the western extension of the Bale Range of mountains.
	ethiopiatourandtravel.com /_wsn/page7.html (348 words)

	Adventure in Ethiopia - Explore Ethiopia
		Geographically, the Simien Mountains comprise several major plateaux, which are underlain by basalt lavas thousands of metres thick.
		The Simien Mountains present a landscape of ridges and scarps, home to rare wildlife species, including the Walia ibex, Simien red fox, the strikingly-maned Gelada baboon and the majestic lammergeier or bearded vulture.
		Descending to the lowlands (in the Simien Mountains that means 1700 metres (5575ft.) daytime temperatures will approach 30 degrees centigrade (86º F).
	www.keadventure.com /countries/ethiopia (814 words)

	Gondarlink \| A country explored \| Wildlife \| Animals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		It is particularly numerous in the Simien mountains.
		Its principle area is in the Simien mountains where it can only be seen on very steep areas of high mountains.
		The mountain nyala (Tragelaphus buxtoni) is found in the various mountainous areas to the east of the Rift Valley such as the Bale National Park and the Kuni-Muktar sanctuary.
	www.gondarlink.org.uk /country_explored/wildlife/animals.shtml (343 words)

	Simien Mountain National Park
		The Simien Mountain massif is a broad plateau cut off to the north and west by an enormous single crag over 60 kilometers long.
		Simien red fox and Gelada baboon all endemic to Ethiopia as well as the Hamadryas baboon, klipspringer and bushbuck.
		Birds such as the lammergeyer, Augur buzzard, Verreaux’s eagle, kestrel and falcon also soar above this mountain retreat.Twenty kilometers north east of Gondar the Simien Mountains National Park covers 179 square kilometers of highland area at an average elevation of 3,300 meters.
	www.easterntravel.net /simien_mountain_national_park.htm (212 words)

	Unusual Destinations: Itineraries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The vast Simien Mountains National Park is majestically situated in one of Africa’s largest ranges.
		Mule trekking is the mode of transport to view the Simien National Park as terrain is very challenging.
		Three of Ethiopia’s endemic large mammals are resident in the Simien Mountains National Park.
	www.unusualdestinations.com /index.php?id=549 (592 words)

	Ethiopia - Simien Mountains - GAP Adventures
		Day 6: The scenic Simien Mountains are a good break from the historical buildings and monuments.
		Among the dimly lit passageways and tunnels of the medieval churches, robed priests and monks meander.
		We also hike in the Simien mountains to get a full appreciation of all that this great country has to offer.
	www.tourvacationstogo.com /gap_adventures.cfm?npid=5483&nhr=1 (1699 words)

	Ethiopia: Hiking the High Road - Travel Africa Magazine
		Colin Barraclough ventures into the Simien Mountains, meeting its people and wildlife and discovering that the common view of Ethiopia as a drought-stricken, starving country is a far cry from today's reality.
		Their ancestors were followers of Ahmed the Left-Handed, a 16th-century Muslim rebel from southeast Ethiopia whose murderous crusade to destroy the dominant Christian empire ended with his death at the hands of a Portuguese-backed Christian army in 1543.
		A large mountain goat with gnarled horns and tufted beard, the ibex have been forced by hunting to retreat to the most inaccessible ledges of the Simien escarpment.
	www.travelafricamag.com /content/view/171/56 (1584 words)

	Ethiopia safari: Simien Mountains National Park
		The higher lands are mountain grasslands with fescue grasses as well as heathers, splendid Red Hot Pokers and Giant Lobelia.
		The park was created primarily to protect the Walia Ibex, a type of wild goat, and over 1000 are said to live in the park.
		The Simien fox, although named after the mountains, is rarely seen by the visitor.
	www.jenmansafaris.com /countries/ethiopia/simien_mountains_national_park.htm (196 words)

	Simien National Park - UNESCO World Heritage Centre
		Massive erosion over the years on the Ethiopian plateau has created one of the most spectacular landscapes in the world, with jagged mountain peaks, deep valleys and sharp precipices dropping some 1,500 m.
		The park is home to some extremely rare animals such as the Gelada baboon, the Simien fox and the Walia ibex, a goat found nowhere else in the world.
		The World Heritage Committee decided to inscribe the Simien National Park on the List of World Heritage in Danger due to evidence of recent deterioration of the population of the Walia ibex.
	whc.unesco.org /pg.cfm?cid=31&id_site=9 (359 words)

	Major Tourist Attractions
		The Simien mountain is one of the major highlands of Africa, rising to the highest point in Ethiopia, Ras Dejen (4620m), which is the fourth highest peak in the continent.
		Although Simien is in Africa and not too far from the equator, snow and ice appear on the highest points and night temperatures often fall below zero.
		It was a great centre of commerce, trading with the rich lands south of the Blue Nile, as well as with Sudan to the west, and the Red Sea port of Massawa to the north-east.
	www.ethioembassy.org.uk /tourism/contents/attractions.htm (2195 words)

	Pilot Guides.com:Ethiopia: Locations
		The Simien Mountains, accessible from Debareq (70 miles from Gondar), hems in Africa's fourth highest peak and Ethiopia's highest point, Ras Dashen at 13,000 ft (ascendable by mule).
		The trip is worth the views for its varied terrain: mountains, rock face, wooded plateaux of acacia, eucalyptus, cactus, and descents into deep ravines.
		In the south east corner of Ethiopia, a vast plateau of rocky mountains, streams, grassy plains, and the Harena Escarpment are the Bale Mountains.
	www.pilotguides.com /destination_guide/africa/ethiopia/locations.php (1156 words)

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