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	Simon bar Kokhba Summary
		Originally named Simon Bar Koziba, he was given the name Bar Kokhba (Aramaic for "Son of a Star", referring to Numbers 24:17, "A star has shot off Jacob") by his contemporary, the Jewish sage Rabbi Akiva, who contemplated the possibility that Bar Kochba could be the long-awaited Jewish Messiah.
		Bar Kokhba was the subject of an operetta, Bar Kokhba, written by Abraham Goldfaden some time between 1883 and 1885.
		Another operetta on the subject of Bar Kokhba was written by the Russian-Jewish emigre composer Yaacov Bilansky Levanon in Palestine in the 1920s.
	www.bookrags.com /Simon_bar_Kokhba (1158 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - BAR KOKBA AND BAR KOKBA WAR:
		Bar Kokba, the hero of the third war against Rome, appears under this name only among ecclesiastical writers: heathen authors do not mention him; and Jewish sources call him Ben (or Bar) Koziba or Kozba.
		Others believe that Bar Koziba was a contumelious appellation ("Son of Lies") bestowed after the unfortunate issue of the revolt.
		The twenty-one years claimed by Gans for Bar Kokba and his sons can be explained if the whole period from 118 to 135 be accepted, which, however, would only amount to seventeen years.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=237&letter=B (3066 words)

	Mirror for Internet Encyclopedia - Wikinfo \| Simon bar Kokhba (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Simon bar Kokhba was a Jewish Military Leader who led Bar Kokhba's revolt against the Romans in 132 CE, establishing an independent state of Israel which he ruled for three years as Nasi ("prince," or "president").
		Originally named Simon Bar Koziba, he was given the name Bar Kokhba (Aramaic for "Son of a Star", referring to, "A Star has shot off Jacob") by his contemporary, the Jewish Sage Rabbi Akiva, who contemplated the possibility that Bar Kochba could be the long-awaited Jewish Messiah.
		Bar Kokhba was the subject of an operetta, Bar Kokhba, written by Abraham Goldfaden some time between 1883 and 1885.
	www.internet-encyclopedia.us /index.php/wiki.php?title=Simon_bar_Kokhba (459 words)

	Whoever and whatever God is: Simon bar Kokhba
		Bar Kokhba, meaning “son of a star”, was proclaimed to be Messiah by respected Rabbi Akiva.
		Bar Kokhba was indeed the military leader people expected the Messiah to be.
		Bar Kokhba cannot be because the Spirit that lives in me and I in the Spirit says “no”, in terms that are clear to me. To describe them to others, I’ve tried that several times.
	openandwilling.blogspot.com /2007/03/simon-bar-kokhba.html (1207 words)

	Simon bar Kokhba - Definition, explanation
		Simon bar Kokhba was a Jewish military leader who led Bar Kokhba's revolt against the Romans in 132 CE, establishing an independent state of Israel which he ruled for three years as Nasi ("prince," or "president").
		Due to the failure of the earlier Great Jewish Revolt in the eastern Roman provinces, Bar Kokhba's support was mostly limited to the Roman province of Judea.
		Despite some initial successes, his revolt was brutally crushed by Emperor Hadrian: Bar Kokhba and his followers were killed in a dramatic last stand at the fortress of Betar, southwest of Jerusalem, and many of his supporters were executed, among them Rabbi Akiva.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/s/si/simon_bar_kokhba.php (377 words)

	US Bazaar.com : Encyclopedia Pages : Bar Kochba rebellion
		Bar Kokhba’s revolt (132–135) against the Roman Empire, also known as The Second Jewish-Roman War or The Second Jewish Revolt, was a second major rebellion by the Jews of Iudaea and the last of Jewish-Roman Wars.
		The Jewish sage Rabbi Akiva (alternatively Akiba) convinced the Sanhedrin to support the impending revolt, and regarded the chosen commander Simon Bar Kokhba to be the Jewish Messiah, according to the verse from Numbers 24:17: "There shall come a star out of Jacob" ("Bar Kokhba" means "son of a star" in the Aramaic language).
		After losing Jerusalem, Bar Kokhba and the remnants of his army withdrew to the fortress of Betar, which also subsequently came under siege.
	encyclopedia.us-bazaar.com /?title=Bar_Kochba_rebellion (1885 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Simon bar Kokhba (Hebrew: ×©××¢×•× ×‘×¨ ××•××‘×, also transliterated as Bar Kokhva or Bar Kochba) was the Jewish leader who led what is known as Bar Kokhba's revolt against the Roman Empire in 132 CE, establishing an independent Jewish state of Israel which he ruled for three years as Nasi ("prince," or "president").
		Another operetta on the subject of Bar Kokhba was written by the Russian-Jewish emigre composer Yaacov Bilansky Levanon in Palestine in the 1920s.
		In Hungary, this legend spawned the "Bar Kokhba game", in which one of the two players comes up with a word or object, and the other one has to find out by asking questions only to be answered with "yes" or "no".
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Bar_Kochba (1078 words)

	Bar Kokhba Simon - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Bar Kokhba, Simon, real name Simeon Bar Kosba (?-135), leader of the Jews in their insurrection against the Romans (132-135).
		Simon bar Kokhba (שמעון בר כוכבא) (known as Bar Kokhba, or Bar Kochva or Bar Kochba [any of which would mean son of a star ], in Aramaic, was also called Shimon ben Kosba [שמעון בן...
		Palm tree and Hebrew inscription, "Simon." Bar Kokhba, Eleazr, AR Zuz or Denarius.
	encarta.msn.com /Bar_Kokhba_Simon.html (209 words)

	Simon bar Kokhba - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		Originally named Simon Bar Koziba, he was given the name Bar Kochba ("Son of a Star" in Aramaic) by the Jewish sage Rabbi Akiva (or Akiba), who contemplated the possibility that Bar Kochba would be the long-awaited Jewish Messiah.
		Due to the failure of an earlier Jewish revolt in the eastern Roman provinces, Bar Kochba's support was mostly limited to the Roman province of Judea.
		Despite some initial successes, his revolt was brutally crushed by Hadrian: Bar Kochba and his followers were killed in a dramatic last stand at the fortress of Betar, southwest of Jerusalem, and many of his supporters were executed, among them Rabbi Akiva.
	www.music.us /education/S/Simon-bar-Kokhba.htm (479 words)

	Deutschland Lexikon - Bar Kochba
		Simon bar Kochba war ein jüdischer Militärführer, der einen Aufstand gegen die Römer von 132 bis 135 nach Christus führte; nach ihm wurde die Auflehnung als Bar-Kochba-Aufstand bekannt.
		Rabbi Akiva, der den Aufruhr stützte, hielt Bar Kochba für den langerwarteten jüdischen Messias.
		Bar Kochba wurde an der Festung von Betar, seinem letzten Rückzugsort südwestlich von Jerusalem, getötet.
	lexikon.umkreisfinder.de /bar_kochba (416 words)

	Wars between the Jews and Romans
		Some of his letters survive, making clear that he was firmly in charge on the first day of the month iyar of the first year of the revolt (3 April 132); he was still able to write on the fourteenth marhesvan of the fourth year (6 November 135).
		It runs 'On the twenty-eighth marhesvan of the third year of Simon ben Kosiba, prince of Israel...' and this style of writing indicates that Simon was seen as the lawful ruler.
		Simon was so successful, that the emperor Hadrian was obliged to dispatch his best generals to suppress the rebellion.
	www.livius.org /ja-jn/jewish_wars/jwar07.html (2228 words)

	Messianic claimants (18) Simon ben Kosiba
		Comment: Jesus of Nazareth and Simon ben Kosiba are the only Jewish leaders who are positively identified as Messiahs in the Jewish sources: Jesus is explicitly called 'Messiah' by Flavius Josephus, Ben Kosiba in several rabbinical treatises.
		Another point that deserves attention is the legend, which reads on the obverse 'Simon, prince of Israel' and on the reverse 'Year one of the redemption of Israel'.
		Simon ben Kosiba wrote letters to his fellow rebels, several of which have been found by archaeologists.
	www.livius.org /men-mh/messiah/messianic_claimants17.html (1038 words)

	Simon Bar Kokhba Biography (?–135) (also spelled bar Kochba) Online Encyclopedia Article About Simon Bar Kokhba ...
		Simon Bar Kokhba Biography (?–135) (also spelled bar Kochba) Online Encyclopedia Article About Simon Bar Kokhba Biography (?–135) (also spelled bar Kochba)
		Simon Bar Kokhba Biography (?–135) (also spelled bar Kochba)
		With the rabbi Akiba ben Joseph, he led a rebellion of Jews in Judaea from 132 in response to the founding of a Roman colony (Aelia Capitolina) in Jerusalem.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /Cambridge/entries/067/Simon-bar-Kokhba.html (146 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Bar Kokhba (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Despite some initial successes, the revolt was brutally crushed: Bar Kochba and his followers were killed in a dramatic last stand at the fortress of Betar, southwest of Jerusalem, and many of his supporters were executed, among them Rabbi Akiva.
		Nevertheless, it was a costly victory for Rome, and the generals, when reporting to the Senate, did not begin with the customary greeting: "I and my troops are well." After Bar Kokhba's defeat, Jerusalem was razed, Jews were forbidden to live there, and a new Roman city, Aelia Capitolina, was built in its place.
		Over the past few decades, much new information about the Bar Kokhba Revolt has come to light, thanks mainly to the discovery of several collections of letters, some possibly by Bar Kokhba himself, in the caves overlooking the Dead Sea.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/ba/Bar_Kokhba (169 words)

	Bar Kokhba Coin from Clay City, Ky.
		The coin was soon identified by Dr. Ralph Marcus of the University of Chicago as a coin of the Second Revolt of the Jews against Rome, under Simon Bar Kokhba (or Cochba) in AD 132-5.
		Bar Kokhba coins were therefore a well-established part of the tradition of religious history, even in rural Kentucky.
		Despite the negative call on this coin, it remains an important part of the discussion, pro and con, of the possibility of pre-Columbian contacts, and the owner and her husband are to be praised for faithfully retaining it all these years and permitting it to be studied.
	www.econ.ohio-state.edu /jhm/arch/barkokhb.htm (1131 words)

	NOVA \| Transcripts \| Ancient Refuge in the Holy Land \| PBS
		The crumbling documents were military orders signed by a legendary leader of the Jews known as Shimon Bar Kokhba, Simon, son of a star.
		A widow and mother in her thirties when the rebellion began, she was related to Yehonatan, the military commander mentioned in Bar Kokhba's documents.
		Opinions differ as to how many people joined Bar Kokhba, or how popular he was within Judea, but most historians do agree on one thing: the Roman response was massive and brutal.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/transcripts/3118_scrolls.html (6534 words)

	Simon bar Kokhba
		Despite some initial successes, the revolt was brutally crushed: Bar Kochba and his followers were killed in a dramatic last stand at the fortress of Betar, southwest of Jerusalem, and many of his supporters were executed, among them Rabbi Akiva.
		Nevertheless, it was a costly victory for Rome, and the generals, when reporting to the Senate, did not begin with the customary greeting: "I and my troops are well." After Bar Kokhba's defeat, Jerusalem was razed, Jews were forbidden to live there, and a new Roman city, Aelia Capitolina, was built in its place.
		Over the past few decades, much new information about the Bar Kokhba Revolt has come to light, thanks mainly to the discovery of several collections of letters, some possibly by Bar Kokhba himself, in the caves overlooking the Dead Sea.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ba/Bar_Kokhba.html (144 words)

	Bar Kokhba Simon - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Bar Kokhba Simon - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Bar Kokhba, Simon, real name Simeon Bar Kosba (died 135), leader of the Jews in their insurrection against the Romans in 132-135.
		A violent revolt occurred in Judaea, under Simon Bar Kokhba.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Bar_Kokhba_Simon.html (110 words)

	King of Peace - Messiah and King (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Simon directed not only an attack against Rome, but began to set up a new kingdom on earth.
		Instead of being named the son of his father, Kosibo, Simon was named as the son of a star.
		Though the Roman victory may have been hard won and little celebrated, the effect was the same—Simon Bar Kokba was dead, his armies defeated in battle and his earthly kingdom burned to the ground.
	www.kingofpeace.org /sermons2005-2006/sermon-112606.htm (1836 words)

	Robert Lindsay: An Excerpt From the "Memoirs of Hadrian" by Marguerite Yourcenar
		In 135, Bar Kokhba was driven to a redoubt at Betar.
		Simon, a great man in his way, had divided his followers into hundreds of squadrons posted on mountain ridges or placed in ambush in caverns and abandoned quarries, or even hidden in houses of the teeming suburbs of the cities.
		Simon had supposed that he could count on a revolt in the Arab world similar to the uprising that had darkened the last years of Trajan's reign; even more, he had ventured to bank on Parthian (Persian) aid.
	robertlindsay.blogspot.com /2006/04/excerpt-from-memoirs-of-hadrian-by.html (4768 words)

	Antiqua Inc. Ancient Art & Numismatics / Ancient Greek Coins
		This hybrid issue was struck from the very first obverse die of the Bar Kochba tetradrachm series, carried over into the second year of the revolt as indicated by the date on the reverse.
		The obverse die of this tetradrachm is the first to name Shim'on, the leader of the new Jewish state.
		Leo Mildenberg selected this die to illustrate the dust jacket of his book, The Coinage of the Bar Kokhba War.
	www.antiquainc.com /coins14judaean0text.html (1489 words)

	file:///C:/Messiahs.txt
		Simon Bar Kokhba was the military leader of the Jewish rebellion of 132 C.E in Palestine.
		When Bar Kokhba's forces recaptured Jerusalem, there was wild speculation that the Temple, which had lain in ruins for sixty two years, might be rebuilt by this new Messiah.
		Bar Kokhba's head was brought to the Roman general, his body having been for some inexplicable reason destroyed by snakes.
	www.jasher.com /Messiahs.htm (10321 words)

	BAR KOCHBA WAR
		Bar Kochba, Year 1, 132/133 C.E., M-6, Bar Kochba Bronze, AE 23.
		Bar Kokhba Revolt, middle bronze,134 -135 CE (attributed to year 3, undated),AE middle bronze, 11.4g, 1" dia.,O: Seven-branched palm tree with two bunched of dates; Hebrew across field below "Simon" R: Vine leaf on tendril; Hebrew around "For the freedom of Jerusalem."
		Bar Kochba, Year 2=133/134 C.E. Vine leaf and Hebrew inscription, "Year two of the freedom of Israel." Rv.
	members.verizon.net /vze3xycv/RulersCoins/BKochbaPicr.htm (279 words)

	Amazon.com: "Simon Bar Kokhba": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Simon Bar Kokhba formed a rebellion in Palestine in the Second Century CE.
		in the first-century movement that assigned messiahship to Jesus of Nazareth and in the second-century movement that assigned messiahship to Simon Bar Kokhba.
		Simon bar Kokhba or Kosiva is one of the most enigmatic personalities in Jewish history, and his name or names alone have excited...
	www.amazon.com /phrase/Simon-Bar-Kokhba (551 words)

	Boaz Zissu
		Hiding Complexes in the Northern Judaean Shephelah and the Northern Boundary of the Bar Kokhba Administration.
		Zissu B. and Eshel H. The Geographical Distribution of Coins of the Bar Kokhba War.
		New Studies on the Bar Kokhba Revolt, Proceedings of the 21th Annual Conference of the Martin (Szusz) Department of Land of
	www.biu.ac.il /JS/le/Faculty/Boaz.htm (972 words)

	The Bar-Kokhba Revolt
		The Bar Kokhba revolt marked a time of high hopes followed by violent despair.
		The Jews were handed expectations of a homeland and a Holy Temple, but in the end were persecuted and sold into slavery.
		This age of persecution lasted throughout the remainder of Hadrian's reign, until 138 C.E. Sources: Encyclopedia Judaica.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Judaism/revolt1.html (857 words)

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