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Topic: Simon Petlyura

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	ipedia.com: Simon Petlyura Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Born in Poltava, Petlyura was a socialist leader of Ukraine's unsuccessful fight for independence following the Russian revolutions of 1917, and he was briefly president during the Russian Civil War.
		Petlyura was assassinated by a Jewish student, in revenge for the pogroms and the murder of his family.
		Petlyura is buried in the Cimetière du Montparnasse in Paris, France.
	www.ipedia.com /simon_petlyura.html (206 words)

	Simon Petlyura: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Simon Petlyura (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Simon Petlyura (May 17, 1879-May 26, 1926) was a Ukrainian independence fighter.
		Born in Poltava, Petlyura was a socialist leader of Ukraine's unsuccessful fight for independence following the Russian revolutions of 1917, he was briefly President during Civil War period dring which time he aggresively supported anti-Semitic pogroms.
		Simon Petlyura was assassinated by a Jewish student whose parents had been murdered by his troops.
	www.encyclopedian.com /si/Simon-Petlyura.html (128 words)

	Symon Petliura
		Petlyura was a socialist leader of Ukraine's unsuccessful fight for independence following the Russian revolutions of 1917.
		During the rule of Petlyura, a series of mass pogroms were perpetrated against the Jews of Ukraine.
		Some historians have claimed that Petlyura did nothing to stop the pogroms, but some have claimed that he himself was not an anti-Semite and he tried to stop them by introducing capital punishment for the crime of pogromming, and that Petlyura's only crime was being the head of state of country where the pogroms happened.
	www.kiwipedia.com /en/simon-petlyura.html (674 words)

	Learn more about Simon Petlyura in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Born in Poltava, Petlyura was a socialist leader of Ukraine's unsuccessful fight for independence following the Russian revolutions of 1917, he was briefly President during Civil War period.
		After the invasion by the Soviet Red Army and a Bolshevik-affiliated government was established in most of Ukraine, Simon Petlyura escaped to France.
		Simon Petlyura was assassinated by a Jewish student.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /s/si/simon_petlyura.html (180 words)

	Simon Petlyura (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Simon Petlyura (May 17, 1879 - May 26, 1926) was a Ukrainian independence fighter.
		Born in Poltava, Petlyura was a socialist leader of Ukraine 's unsuccessful fight for independencefollowing the Russian revolutions of 1917, and he was briefly President during the Russian Civil War.
		Petlyura is buried in the Cimetière duMontparnasse in Paris, France.
	www.therfcc.org /simon-petlyura-50948.html (140 words)

	Simon Petlyura (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Llevado en Poltava, Petlyura era un líder socialista de la lucha fracasada de Ucrania para la independencia después de las revoluciones rusas de 1917, y él era brevemente presidente durante la guerra civil rusa.
		Petlyura fue asesinado por un estudiante judío, en la venganza para los pogroms y el asesinato de su familia.
		Petlyura se entierra en el Cimetière du Montparnasse en París, Francia.
	www.yotor.net /wiki/es/si/Simon%20Petlyura.htm (173 words)

	Petlyura, Simon. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		In Jan., 1919, he became leader of the independent Ukrainian republic that emerged after the collapse of the Russian empire and the defeat of Germany and Austria-Hungary in World War I. His power was challenged from the north by the Red Army, from the south by the anti-Soviet Russian forces of General Denikin.
		In 1920, Petlyura allied himself with Poland under Joseph Pi
		Exiled to Paris, Petlyura was later assassinated in revenge for the pogroms that occurred during his rule.
	www.bartleby.com /65/e-/E-Petlyura.html (151 words)

	"White Guard" by Mikhail Bulgakov - from SovLit.com
		The Germans withdrew, and the Whites were defeated, but Petlyura opposed Soviet control of Ukraine, and to this end he concluded a treaty with Poland.
		It would be dangerous for Talberg to stay, because of an article he published once saying, "Petlyura is an adventurer who threatens the country with destruction from his comic-opera regime." Talberg plans to eventually join up with Denikin and return when the General comes to recapture the city, probably by spring.
		Some of Petlyura's men spotted him and, with the glee of a hunter who sees a rabbit on his path, they chased Aleksei.
	sovlit.com /whiteguard (7098 words)

	AllRefer.com - Simon Petlyura (Russian, Soviet, And CIS History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Simon Petlyura, Russian, Soviet, And CIS History, Biographies
		Simon Petlyura[simyOn´ pyutlyOO´ru] Pronunciation Key, 1879–1926, Ukrainian nationalist politician.
		In 1920, Petlyura allied himself with Poland under Joseph Pilsudski, but the 1921 peace of Riga between Poland and Soviet Russia recognized Soviet control over Ukraine.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/E/E-Petlyura.html (239 words)

	Prima-News
		On July 20, 12 Jews sent a collective appeal to Ukrainian prime minister Viktor Yushchenko asking him not to participate in the unveiling ceremony of a monument to Ukrainian national hero Simon Petlyura in the Polish city of Krakow.
		In 1917, Petlyura was one of the organizers of the Supreme Council of Ukraine and the anti-Bolshevik Directorate, which he headed in 1919.
		After the Civil War, he emigrated, and was killed in Paris in 1926.The authors of the appeal state that Petlyura initiated pogroms against Jews in Ukraine in 1918 and 1919 and that the participation of the prime minister in a ceremony for a monument to an anti-Semite would not create the right impression.
	www.prima-news.ru /eng/news/news/2000/7/20/20622.html (194 words)

	Russia Civil War 1918-1920
		The remnants of the forces of the Socialist Revolutionaries, headed by Simon Petlyura, retreated westward, where they joined forces with Ukrainian nationalist forces from formerly Austrian Galicia.
		For the next months the mixed Petlyurist-Galician forces held parts of Ukraine; other areas were in the hands of anarchist bands led by Nestor Makhno; and the main cities were held by the Communists, ruling not directly from Moscow but through a puppet Ukrainian "government" in Kharkov (now Kharkiv).
		The Communists had been driven out, and the Ukrainian nationalists were divided in their attitude to Denikin, Petlyura being hostile to him, but the Galicians preferring him to the Poles, whom they considered their main enemy.
	www.onwar.com /aced/data/romeo/russia1918.htm (1815 words)

	Every Day Remembrance Day. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Insurgents under the hetman Sokolovski, ally of Simon Petlyura and the Ukrainian National Army, carry out a pogrom in Radomysl in the Russian district of Kiev.
		The pogrom lasts three days; 33 Jews are murdered and many are wounded or mutilated by saber cuts.
		During a third pogrom in four months, 400 Jews are slaughtered and many Jewish women raped by allies of Simon Petlyura's Ukrainian National Army in Radomysl, district of Kiev.
	radomyshl.lk.net /edrd.html (141 words)

	The Moscow News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Vladimir Vinnichenko, chairman of the Central Rada (parliament), is known as a prominent playwright and essayist.
		Simon Petlyura, a former accountant, was no mean literary critic.
		He has been head of state at a time that cannot possibly be described as a period of stability in Ukrainian history.
	www.mn.ru /english/issue.php?2003-36-11 (1024 words)

	M'kor Shalom & TBS: Fiddler On The Roof (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Petlyura (the "Socialist" government), about 100,000 Jews were murdered in the Ukraine (1919–20), as in the days of Chmielnicki and with the same cruelty.
		Today Simon Petlyura (1879–1926) is considered the pre-eminent national hero since he headed the country during the brief years of its independence after World War I. Petlyura's responsibility for pogroms during the Civil War is denied by Ukrainian nationalists.
		In Ukraine the Jewish hero Shalom Schwarzbard, who assassinated Petlyura in Paris for supporting the perpetrators of pogroms, is today viewed as having been a Soviet secret police agent.
	www.portals.com /fiddler/history.htm (3316 words)

	Ukraine 2001
		Subsequently, the Ukrainian government led by Simon Petlyura declared war on Poland, while a counter-government was set up in Kharkov by Communists who declared Ukraine a Soviet Socialist Republic.
		In 1920 the advance of the Russian Bolshevik armies caused the Petlyura government to ally with Poland.
		Under the terms of the Peace of Versailles Ukraine became an autonomous unit of the Polish Federation, but nonetheless Poland made drastic efforts to suppress Ukrainian nationalism and Ukrainian autonomy.
	www.ahtg.net /TpA/ukr2001.html (10555 words)

	Montparnasse - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cimetière du Montparnasse - the Montparnasse Cemetery, where Charles Baudelaire, Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, and Samuel Beckett are buried
		While the area attracted people who came to live and work in the creative and/or bohemian environment, it also became home for political exiles such as Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Porfirio Diaz, and Simon Petlyura.
		But, World War II forced the dispersal of the artistic society and after the war Montparnasse never regained its splendour.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Montparnasse (1350 words)

	Ukraine Gateway
		Austrian Ukraine proclaimed itself a republic in 1918 and was federated with its Russian counterpart; the Allies took little cognizance of Ukrainian claims for Galicia, however, and following World War I (1914-18) awarded that area to Poland.
		In 1919 the Russian Ukrainian republic, under the leader Simon Petlyura, declared war on Poland.
		In 1920 the advance of the Russian Bolshevik armies caused the Petlyura government and Poland to become allies; they were too weak, however, to prevent the Soviet government from assuming control of the country.
	www.ukraine-gateway.org.ua /gateway/gateway.nsf/webcontent/01020100 (843 words)

	Persecution and Anti-Semitism
		Pogroms in the ukraine and bessaraia in 1903, for example, swept through 64 towns; in odessa alone, 300 Jews were killed and thousands wounded.
		In 1921, pogroms by the retreating ukranian army under the command of simon petlyura resulted in the deaths of 8,000 Jews.
		Another 1,500 Jews were killed in pogroms perpetrated by the counter-revolutionary white army, under the command of general a.i.
	amichai.com /mustread/defend/persecution.html (2114 words)

	The Jewish Agency for Israel Timeline
		Jews of the Ukraine are greatly affected by civil war in Russia.
		Various armies fight in the area: the Ukrainian army under Simon Petlyura (1879-1926); the Red Army; the counterrevolutionary White Army; and independent units commanded by local leaders.
		In March, when Simon Petlyura captures the city from the Red Army, a pogrom results in the death of 317 Jews.
	www.jafi.org.il /education/jafi75/timeline.html (1804 words)

	Year One of the Russian Revolution \| Chpt. 10 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This insurrectionary movement was directed by two old nationalist-Socialist leaders, the writer Vinnichenko and the schoolteacher Simon Petlyura, who had both been prominent figures in the Rada, of piteous memory.
		The troops of Vinnichenko and Petlyura, who at the first moment of the collapse were stronger than the Reds, launched simultaneous attacks everywhere against the panic-stricken authorities of the Hetman.
		Scarcely did Petlyura's soldiers plant the yellow-and-blue national flag in a town or village when the struggle flared out once again between them and the Soviet, the Communist party, the workers and the peasants.
	www.marxists.org /archive/serge/1930/year-one/ch10.htm (15137 words)

	Ukraine Gateway
		A puppet Ukrainian government was set up in Kyiv by the Germans, but it collapsed with the German surrender to the Allies in November 1918 and the subsequent withdrawal of German troops.
		Once more an independent Ukraine was declared in Kyiv, under the leadership of Simon Petlyura, but its brief and stormy history was a series of struggles between Ukrainian nationalist, White, and Red forces.
		In November 1919 Kyiv was briefly taken by the White armies under General A.I. Denikin before being finally occupied by the Red Army.
	www.ukraine-gateway.org.ua /GATEWAY/gateway.nsf/webcontent/01030202 (1794 words)

	This Month in Jewish History: March (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The removal of the Russian influence in the Ukraine gave rise to nationalistic aspirations.
		The following year, while Simon Petlyura was commander of the army and national leader, mass anti-Jewish riots and violence broke out throughout the Ukraine..
		The papal inquest agreed with the trial, Simon was beatified, and all Jews were expelled for 300 years.
	www.wzo.org.il /en/resources/view.asp?id=268&subject=144 (4325 words)

	This Month in Jewish History: January (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		1919: Simon Petlyura, "hetman" of Russia and the Ruthenian Republic, a Ukrainian nationalist and commander of the Zaporog Cossacks and Haidamaks, begins his attack against the Jews.
		This legislation was only passed after the United States, Britain and France refused to sign treaties until their anti-Jewish cantons were repealed.
		1630 January 15, SANTA ENGRACIA (Lisbon) - Simon dias Solis, a young New Christian seen near the local church (on his way to a rendezvous with a young woman) was arrested for allegedly stealing a silver vessel from the church.
	www.wzo.org.il /en/resources/view.asp?id=272 (2806 words)

	Hotel Petit Palace - Montparnasse - Paris
		Cimetière du Montparnasse (the Montparnasse Cemetery, where, among others, Charles Baudelaire, Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, and Samuel Beckett are buried)
		The name Montparnasse stems from the nickname " Mount Parnassus " (In Greek mythology, home to the nine Greek goddesses (the Muses) of the arts and sciences) given to the hilly neighborhood in the 17th century by students who came there to recite poetry.
		While the area attracted people from all over the world who came to live and work in the creative and/or bohemian environment, it also became home for political exiles such as Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Porfirio Diaz, and Simon Petlyura.
	www.paris-hotel-petit-palace.com /montparnasse.htm (1452 words)

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