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	Simon bar Kokhba - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Simon bar Kokhba (Hebrew: שמעון בר כוכבא, also transliterated as Bar Kokhva or Bar Kochba) was the Jewish leader who led what is known as Bar Kokhba's revolt against the Roman Empire in 132 CE, establishing an independent Jewish state of Israel which he ruled for three years as Nasi ("prince," or "president").
		Bar Kokhba was the subject of an operetta, Bar Kokhba, written by Abraham Goldfaden some time between 1883 and 1885.
		Another operetta on the subject of Bar Kokhba was written by the Russian-Jewish emigre composer Yaacov Bilansky Levanon in Palestine in the 1920s.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Simon_bar_Kokhba (1024 words)

	Simon bar Kokhba biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Simon bar Kokhba was a Jewish military leader who led a revolt against the Romans in AD He subsequently established an independent state of Israel which he ruled for three years as Nasi (Prince or President).
		Originally named Simon Bar Koziba, he was given the name Bar Kochba ("Son of a Star" in Aramaic) by the Jewish sage Rabbi Akiva (or Akiba), who contemplated the possibility that Bar Kochba would be the long-awaited Jewish Messiah.
		Despite some initial successes, his revolt was brutally crushed by Hadrian: Bar Kochba and his followers were killed in a dramatic last stand at the fortress of Betar, southwest of Jerusalem, and many of his supporters were executed, among them Rabbi Akiva.
	bar-kochba.biography.ms (261 words)

	Bar Kochba (Shimon Bar Kosiba) and the Bar Kochba Revolt - Zionism and Israel -Encyclopedia / Dictionary/Lexicon of ...
		Bar Kochba and most of the remaining defenders died of starvation some time in 136, traditionally on the 9th day of Av (August), a date that coincides with the destruction of the temple.
		From the discussion of Bar Kochba in Talmudic literature, it is evident that he never had the support of all factions of the religious establishment.
		A perhaps dubious tradition claimed that Bar Kochba had false Messianic pretensions, and insisted that the failure of Bar Kochba indicated the futility of Jewish self defense in general.
	www.zionism-israel.com /dic/Bar_Kochba.htm (2028 words)

	Writing.Com: Revelation and Bar Kochba
		Bar Kochba placed his administration headquarters in Ein Gedi, twenty-five miles south of Jerusalem near the Dead Sea's west shore.
		Bar Kochba's men also prepared forts and strongholds throughout Palestine and dug underground tunnels affording advantage when the fighting begins.
		Bar Kochba planned the offensive for fall, 132, after the harvest.
	www.writing.com /main/view_item/item_id/520958/printit/1 (1397 words)

	Wars between the Jews and Romans
		Some of his letters survive, making clear that he was firmly in charge on the first day of the month iyar of the first year of the revolt (3 April 132); he was still able to write on the fourteenth marhesvan of the fourth year (6 November 135).
		It runs 'On the twenty-eighth marhesvan of the third year of Simon ben Kosiba, prince of Israel...' and this style of writing indicates that Simon was seen as the lawful ruler.
		Simon was so successful, that the emperor Hadrian was obliged to dispatch his best generals to suppress the rebellion.
	www.livius.org /ja-jn/jewish_wars/jwar07.html (2219 words)

	Crash Course in Jewish History Part 37 - The Bar Kochba Revolt
		Bar Kochba did not turn out to be the Messiah, and later the rabbis wrote that his real name was Bar Kosiva meaning "Son of a Lie" -- highlighting the fact that he was a false Messiah.
		Bar Kochba made his final stand in the city of Betar, which is to the southwest of Jerusalem.
		At the end of the Bar Kochba revolt, Hadrian decided that the way not to have another one is to cut off the Jews from connection to their beloved land.
	www.aish.com /literacy/jewishhistory/Crash_Course_in_Jewish_History_Part_37_-_The_Bar_Kochba_Revolt.asp (2693 words)

	Rényi's siege problem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The Romans, in superior numbers, laid siege to a fortress which was defended heroically by Bar Kochba at the head of a small garrison.
		Bar Kochba accordingly asked him questions which he could answer by nodding or shaking his head.
		However, this is not the problem that Simon bar Kochba would have wished to solve; his goal was to maximize the probability of successfully defending the fortress.
	yreka.stanford.edu /~calbear/research/renyi.html (815 words)

	The Bar Kochba Rebellion
		This triggered a new Jewish rebellion of surprising intensity under Simon Bar Kochba, and for three years the region was back in Jewish hands.
		Simon Bar Kochba, a Jewish leader of massive physical strength (whom many believed to be the Messiah), rallied the Jews.
		The rebellion was crushed, and Simon Bar Kochba was captured by the Romans, who put him to death shortly thereafter.
	www.garstang.us /judaean/barkochba.htm (934 words)

	Bar Kochba
		Simon Bar Kochba war ein jüdischer Militärführer der einen Aufstand gegen die Römer von 132 bis 135 nach Christus führte; nach ihm wurde Auflehnung als Bar-Kochba-Aufstand bekannt.
		Sein aramäischer Nachname "Bar Kochba" welcher nach der jüdischen Legende von Rabbi Akiva gegeben worden bedeutet "Sohn eines Sterns".
		Bar Kochba wurde an der von Betar seinem letzten Rückzugsort südwestlich von Jerusalem getötet.
	www.uni-protokolle.de /Lexikon/Bar_Kochba.html (219 words)

	History: Jewish Bar Kochba Revolt
		Bar Kochba asked Rabbi Elazar what was said to him by the Kussi on that day.
		Bar Kochba therefore was good for the Jews he gave hope to the Jews and gave them a taste of independence and what it feels like to fight for all you believe in.
		Even if Bar Kochba did not exist a revolt would have still occurred maybe with a different date and a different leader, but a revolt was inescapable.
	www.cyberessays.com /History/95.htm (1682 words)

	Simon bar Kokhba (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		'''Simon bar Kokhba''' was a Jewish military leader who led Bar Kokhba's revolt against the Romans in 132 CE.
		Originally named Simon Bar Koziba, he was given the name Bar Kokhba (Aramaic for "Son of a Star") by the Jewish sage Rabbi Akiva, who contemplated the possibility that Bar Kochba would be the long-awaited Jewish Messiah.
		Despite some initial successes, His revolt was brutally crushed by Emperor Hadrian: Bar Kokhba and His followers were killed in a dramatic last stand at the fortress of Betar, southwest of Jerusalem.
	simon-bar-kokhba.iqnaut.net (338 words)

	A Revolt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Bar Kochba is inextricably tied to another towering personality of the time, Rabbi Akiva.
		It was the support of Akiva which gave Bar Kochba the power to organize the revolt.
		Bar Kochba in the meantime proved himself an able administrator who concerned himself with minute detail and would allow no disagreements with his orders.
	www.wzo.org.il /encountr/barcho.htm (1686 words)

	Bows and Arrows - Lag BaOmer at OU.ORG
		In this context, they are doubtless a reminder of the Revolt of the Jewish People, led by Bar Kochba, against the Romans in 135 C.E. (some 1,865 years ago).
		Physically, under the leadership of Shimon bar Kochba, they established an independent country, which lasted approximately five years, minted its own coins, and established a nearly impregnable stronghold in the city of Betar.
		Tragically, and mysteriously, Bar Kochba lost Divine favor when he erroneously accused Rabbi Elazar of betraying Betar and executed him, triggering the immediate withdrawal of support by Rabbi Akiva and the rest of the Rabbis.
	www.ou.org /chagim/lagbaomer/arrows.htm (224 words)

	B416 -- The History of the Levant from Paul to Bar Kochba
		From Nero's death in 69 until the Bar Kochba revolt of 132, the Roman Empire was governed by nine emperors.
		There was a second rebellion in 115 and the third and final rebellion took place in 132 and was led by Simon bar Kochba.
		The Church continued to expand, so that by the time of Bar Kochba, it was found in every part of the empire and had even sent missionaries as far as India, England, and Spain.
	www.theology.edu /b416.htm (691 words)

	Simeon Bar Kochba Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		The major cause of the uprising led by Bar Kochba was the great hostility of the Jews toward the Romans, who had ruled Palestine since 64 B.C. The earlier Jewish revolt (A.D. 66-70) had resulted in the destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple.
		When Bar Kochba raised the standard of revolt in 132, thousands of Jews from every part of Palestine, as well as from other lands, enlisted in his army; even the hostile Samaritans joined him.
		Severus hesitated to meet Bar Kochba in the field and instead besieged and captured one fortress after another, forcing the Jews to flee to the mountains and hide in caves.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/simeon-bar-kochba (396 words)

	Battles: The Siege of Jerusalem :: 0 A.D. :: Wildfire Games
		Bar Kochba decided that he needed a test to determine who was worthy to serve in the army, at first he decided on that those that could bite off their right finger where worthy, but Rabbi Akiva didn’t like this test.
		Bar Kochba thought of another test, this on was that a person would have to pull a cedar of Lebanon out of the ground while riding a horse.
		As for Bar Kochba, he was found in the desert strangled by a snake.
	wildfiregames.com /0ad/page.php?p=1513 (1863 words)

	Zealots
		Simon Bar Giora, another self-proclaimed messiah, entered the city and fought the Zealots.
		When Simon Bar Kochba, a descendant of David and apparently a charismatic leader, began a new resistance, the religious community declared him Messiah.
		His sons Jacob and Simon were executed by the Romans for resistance, and his son (possibly grandson) Menahem was a leader in the First Jewish Revolt.
	www.followtherabbi.com /Brix?pageID=2800 (3833 words)

	BAR KOCHBA WAR
		132 to 135 CE Bar Kokhba Revolt, large silver coin known as a sela, 134 -135 CE (undated, attributed to year 3),O:"Shim'on", facade of Temple in Jerusalem w/ Arc of the Covenant ;star above R: "For the freedom of Jerusalem", lulav and etrog (Sukkot holiday symbols).
		Bar Kokhba Revolt, denarius,134 -135 CE (undated, attributed to year 3), AR, 3.37g, 3/4" dia.
		Bar Kochba, Year 2=133/134 C.E. Vine leaf and Hebrew inscription, "Year two of the freedom of Israel." Rv.
	members.verizon.net /vze3xycv/RulersCoins/BKochbaPicr.htm (279 words)

	Porten til Midt-Østen: Tema: Simon bar Kochba
		Så lenge Læren ble forkynt, og bar frukt i kjærlighet og barmhjertighet, var Israel enda intakt, også uten Tempelet.
		Den gamle velaktede lærde rabbiner, Akiva, kom etter nøye gransking av skriftenem, til at Simon var Mesias, og salvet ham til konge.
		Simon visste at han måtte ungå åpne slag.
	www.israel-miff.no /tema/historie/personer/kochba.htm (1084 words)

	The Roman Hideout - News - Coins found at Ein Gedi cave refer to Simon Bar-Kochba
		The papyri, each of which had been folded into a square no more than four or five centimeters on a side, have been sent to the Israel Museum's laboratories for chemical processing and deciphering.
		Eleven rare coins from the days of the revolt were found near the papyri, and on three of them the word "Simon" appears clearly.
		This city was abandoned at the end of the Byzantine period for unknown reasons and then resettled during the Crusader era.
	www.romanhideout.com /news/2002/haaretz20021120.asp (760 words)

	2001-02-16: Archaelogy
		Simon, the last of the brothers of Judas, gained political freedom and set up the state that was ruled by the Hasmonean kings until the time of Herod the Great."
		Coins from the Hasmonean era of Judea's history are included in this portion of the exhibit, just as coins minted later during the era of Simon Bar Kochba (132-135) help to tell the story of the revolt he led against Roman rule.
		The exhibit on Simon Bar Kochba includes a picture of caves near the Dead Sea where his rebels holed up, and a cooking pot found at one such hiding spot.
	www.jewishsightseeing.com /usa/kentucky/louisville/sd2-16archaelogy.htm (1086 words)

	Questions Rabbi Tovia Singer refused to answer #4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The Jews who had accepted Yeshua as Messiah refused to acknowledge Bar Kochba as Messiah so they were banned from the synagogues and were rejected by their Jewish brothers.
		Rabbi Akiva abandoned Bar Kochba after discovering that he wanted to join armies with the Samaritans, as a result of his lack of faith in G-d.
		He believed that with the physical strength of Bar Kochba’s fighting force and the spiritual strength of his students united together, victory would be inevitable.
	www.therefinersfire.org /challenging_tovia_singer5.htm (2187 words)

	The Fall of Betar - The Three Weeks and Tisha B'Av
		[The city was defended by] Bar Koziva who had two hundred thousand soldiers with severed fingers [for the test of admission into Bar Koziva's army called for one to cut off his own finger to show his bravery].
		He [Bar Koziva] had two hundred thousand like this [capable of uprooting a cedar] and two hundred thousand like that [who had severed their own fingers].
		Bar Koziva assumed that R. Elazar sought to deliver the country [into the hands of Hadrian).
	www.chabad.org /holidays/3weeks/history/article.asp?AID=144572 (962 words)

	For The Land and The Lord: Chapter 2
		The second was led by Simon Bar Kochba and endorsed by the leading rabbi of the period, Akiva, who is reputed to have declared Bar Kochba the Messiah, announcing that the redemption had begun.
		The Bar Kochba Rebellion ended in the death of more than a half-million Jews, the mass enslavement of survivors, and the elimination of a Jewish majority in the Land of Israel.
		He typically was referred to not as Bar Kochba (Son of a Star) but as Bar Kochba (Son of a Lie).
	www.sas.upenn.edu /penncip/lustick/lustick12.html (9094 words)

	Texts on Bar Kochba: the Letters
		Simon ben Kosiba, surnamed Simon bar Kochba ('son of the star') was a Jewish Messiah.
		After the end of the disastrous rebellion, the rabbis called him 'Bar Koziba', which means 'son of the lie'.
		In the 1960's, several letters written by Bar Kochba were discovered in caves at Wadi Murabba`at and Nahal Hever.
	www.livius.org /ja-jn/jewish_wars/bk07.html (317 words)

	The Da Vinci Code Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The leader was called Bar Kosiba or Bar Kokhba, the latter meaning 'Son of a Star', and seems to have been recognised by the well-regarded Rabbi Akiva as the Messiah.
		Simon (or Simeon) Ben Kosevah later changed his name to Bar Kokhba and assumed the role of Davidic Messianic Prince of a new Israel.
		There are a few suggested reasons for the uprising; Hadrian wanted to construct a new city on the rubble of the old jerusalem bearing his name Aelia, and Capitolina in honour of the gods of Capitoline Rome.
	www.davincicodeforum.com /modules.php?name=Forums&file=viewtopic&t=586 (401 words)

	Messianic claimants (18) Simon ben Kosiba
		Comment: Jesus of Nazareth and Simon ben Kosiba are the only Jewish leaders who are positively identified as Messiahs in the Jewish sources: Jesus is explicitly called 'Messiah' by Flavius Josephus, Ben Kosiba in several rabbinical treatises.
		Another point that deserves attention is the legend, which reads on the obverse 'Simon, prince of Israel' and on the reverse 'Year one of the redemption of Israel'.
		Simon ben Kosiba wrote letters to his fellow rebels, several of which have been found by archaeologists.
	www.livius.org /men-mh/messiah/messianic_claimants17.html (1038 words)

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