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Topic: Simple lens

	Olympus Microscopy Resource Center: Physics of Light and Color - Lenses and Geometrical Optics
		The action of a simple lens, similar to many of those used in the microscope, is governed by the principles of refraction and reflection and can be understood with the aid of a few simple rules about the geometry involved in tracing light rays through the lens.
		Simple Bi-Convex Thin Lenses - A simple thin lens has two focal planes that are defined by the geometry of the lens and the relationship between the lens and the focused image.
		Simple Magnification - A typical magnifying glass consists of a single thin bi-convex lens that produces a modest magnification in the range of 1.5x to 30x, with the most common being about 2-4x for reading or studying rocks, stamps, coins, insects, and leaves.
	www.olympusmicro.com /primer/lightandcolor/lenseshome.html (1408 words)

	Camera Lens - Background, History, Design, Raw Materials, The Manufacturing, Quality Control
		A camera lens reduces the effects of aberrations by replacing a simple lens with a group of lenses called lens elements, which are lenses of different shapes and distances of separation.
		The lens will also be more complex depending on the size of the aperture—the opening that allows light to pass through—and the range of angles it "sees." Lens design used to rely on the optician's art and considerable experimentation.
		The convex lens curves outward; a biconvex lens curves outward on both sides, and a plano-convex lens is flat on one side and outwardly curved on the other.
	www.madehow.com /Volume-2/Camera-Lens.html (2509 words)

	DSLR Lens 101 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The focal length of a lens is determined primarily by the curvature of its surfaces.
		The greater the curvature, the thicker the lens, and the shorter the focal length is.
		And, for a simple lens all measurements are relative to the optical center (focal plane) of the lens, which is also the physical center of the glass.
	www.rags-int-inc.com /PhotoTechStuff/Lens101 (5962 words)

	Olympus Microscopy Resource Center: Physics of Light and Color - Simple Magnification: Interactive Java Tutorial
		Moving the lens closer to the rose reduces the magnification, while moving the lens farther away from the rose increases the magnification.
		The image produced by a simple magnifying lens appears to be on the same side of the lens as the object and is termed a virtual image.
		In general, images are defined by the regions where the rays (and their extensions) become convergent as the result of refraction by a lens or reflection by a mirror.
	www.olympusmicro.com /primer/java/lenses/simplemagnification/index.html (519 words)

	Topic 38. The simple magnifying glass
		The Effect of Focal Length), the magnification of a simple lens is the ratio of the distance from the lens to the image, d
		If a positive lens is placed in front of the eye, the combination of this lens and the eye itself result in a lens whose strength is the sum of the strengths of the two lenses.
		There are two extreme situations: (1) the eye lens is configured with as short a focal length as possible so that it is still focused on the object at the near-point.
	www.colorado.edu /physics/phys1230/phys1230_fa01/topic38.html (781 words)

	Thin Lens Ray Tracing Program
		Lens aberrations are by definition any deviation from the simple-lens formula, and therefore the formula does not reveal their existence.
		The type and character of the lens is shown beneath the initial position of the lens.
		The lens shape is drawn for a lens of 1.5 index of refraction.
	www.lhup.edu /~dsimanek/scenario/raytrace.htm (3672 words)

	Photographic lens - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A photographic lens (also known as objective lens or photographic objective) is an optical lens or assembly of lenses used in conjunction with a camera body and mechanism to make images of objects either on photographic film or on other media capable of storing an image chemically or electronically.
		The lens may usually be focused by adjusting the distance from the lens assembly to the image-forming surface, or by moving elements within the lens assembly.
		The maximum usable aperture of a lens is usually specified as the focal ratio or f-number, which is equal to the focal length divided by the effective aperture (or entrance pupil) diameter in the same units.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Photographic_lens (1529 words)

	Simple lens - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In optics, a simple lens is a lens consisting of a single simple element.
		Simple lenses are prone to chromatic and other aberrations and cannot be used by themselves for precise optical requirements.
		In such examples the lens aperture is made small and in some cases (such as the Kodak Brownie 127 camera}, the film plane is curved to reduce the impact of aberrations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Simple_lens (134 words)

	Lens Testing - Doing your own simple lens tests
		A simple method that doesn't require special equipment or knowledge is a blind comparative test under "normal" conditions for the user.
		If you are testing a 400mm lens against a 100-300mm zoom, you will have to move in and out to keep the main subject the same size when you change focal lengths.
		When analysing the results remember that the quality of the image from a good $100 50mm f1.8 lens stopped down to f5.6 is probably at least as good if not better then that of a $600 400mm f5.6 lens used at f5.6.
	www.bobatkins.com /photography/technical/testing.html (953 words)

	Telephoto Lens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		In a varifocal zoom lens the focal length is varied by moving the lenses, but the camera must be refocused.
		With a true zoom lens, the focus does not have to be readjusted as the focal length is changed.
		In a true zoom lens, more elements are used and their positions are changed so that the image on the film remains in focus.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/geoopt/telep.html (153 words)

	ScienceMaster - JumpStart - Introduction To Lens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		A simple lens is a piece of glass or plastic having two polished surfaces that each form part of a sphere or ball.
		An example of a simple lens would be obtained if a piece of a glass ball were sliced off as shown in the illustration on the left.
		A lens thicker in the center than at the edge is called a converging or positive lens.
	www.sciencemaster.com /jump/physical/lens.php (624 words)

	Lens Elements - A Few Elements Go A Long Way! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The trick in lens design is to balance the number, shape, and placement of the lens elements to yield the optimal results for a given amount of time and money used in constructing them.
		These lens can be hacked to produce suprising coverage (due to their symmetrical design) and closeups (due to their short focal lengths).
		Simple lenses usually have their elements mounted together in a rigid lens cell to maintain the needed high precision positioning of lens elements demanded by the lens design.
	medfmt.8k.com /mf/elements.html (21000 words)

	A Simple Lens Comparison
		In terms of resolution, the on-camera lens and the wide angle converter are about the same; however, the wide angle converter causes some loss of contrast.
		When the on-camera lens zooms to a position so that the combined focal length of the wide angle and on-camera lens is approximately 38mm, the image is only part of the total coverage of the wide angle lens as shown above.
		Therefore, the quality of the wide angle lens at the upper-left corner is not good compared against that of the on-camera lens.
	www.cs.mtu.edu /~shene/DigiCam/User-Guide/lens/lens-comparison.html (962 words)

	Review: Lensbaby 2.0
		The thing is, simple lenses don't actually behave this way, even if they're hit by the implausibly parallel photons in the basic-lens diagram - which they won't be unless the light comes from a carefully collimated source.
		The problem with a simple lens is that it suffers particularly badly from two kinds of "aberration" - divergence from the perfect imaging qualities of the physics-text lenses, which all come from Blackboard Land where pulleys are frictionless, rope doesn't stretch and cows are inelastic.
		Spherical aberration causes light that passes through points approaching the edge of a spherical lens (or which hits points approaching the edge of a spherical mirror) to be refracted (or reflected) by the wrong amount.
	www.dansdata.com /lensbaby.htm (5270 words)

	Simple lens model
		The "Simple Lens" model describes a simple optical system consisting of a convex lens collecting light from a monochromatic light source and forming an image of that source.
		The lens is assumed to be a "thin" lens, i.e.
		Any unknown quantities which can be calculated from the known quantities will be computed and displayed in the "output" column in the units specified in the "units" column.
	www.wam.umd.edu /~toh/Chem623/SimpleLens.html (264 words)

	LENS Manual: Simple Recurrent Networks
		Simple recurrent networks (SRNs) are similar to standard feed-forward networks in that information propagates all the way through the network during the forward pass on each tick.
		An alternative is to use a simple recurrent backprop through time (SRBPTT) network.
		Therefore, if your network has a small recurrent projection but a very large hidden to output projection, this could be relatively cheap because the hidden to output projection is ignored in the backpropagation.
	tedlab.mit.edu /~dr/Lens/elman.html (1439 words)

	SCIENCE HOBBYIST: Misconceptions Page
		In reality, if half of the lens is covered, the image will become half as bright, but no part of the image will be missing.
		...that the distance between the lens and screen doesn't affect the sharpness of the image.
		The lens simply allows the "pinhole" to be made large without causing the image to become blurry.
	amasci.com /miscon/lens1.html (987 words)

	Edmund Optics - C-Mount Simple Lens Mount
		A 30mm diameter x 5.6mm male thread barrel with a centered hole to accept single element lenses, filters, reticles, etc. A threaded retaining ring, designed to accept a standard straight flat blade spanner wrench, holds the element in place.
		Place lens/component in lens mounts through the female thread side.
		The edge of the lens/component rests on a shelf inside the area of male threading; shelf is 1mm from male end of mount.
	www.edmundoptics.com /onlineCatalog/displayproduct.cfm?productID=1619 (184 words)

	Matt's Classic Cameras: Box and Twin Lens Reflex
		Has a simple lens in place of ground glass and a sharp Skopar taking lens.
		Box cameras are just that, small boxes of cardboard, wood, or metal, generally with a simple shutter mechanism and simple lens.
		Twin lens reflex or TLR cameras have separate lenses for viewing the scene (viewing lens) and exposing the film (taking lens), usually of differing quality but generally designed to give you as close a sense of the final image as possible.
	www.mattdentonphoto.com /cameras/box.html (611 words)

	Edmund Optics - T-Mount Simple Lens Mounts
		home : online catalog : positioning : c & t-mount components : t-mount components : T-Mount Simple Lens Mounts
		A 48mm outer diameter thin lens mount with male thread on back and female thread on face.
		Mounts accept lens diameters listed below ranging from 2mm (2.5mm for #57-975) to 5.5mm (10.95mm for #57-976) in edge thickness.
	www.edmundoptics.com /onlinecatalog/DisplayProduct.cfm?productid=1964 (173 words)

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