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Topic: Simple majority

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	Simple majority voting - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Simple majority voting is a straightforward form of voting whereby the option with a simple majority of votes wins.
		Secondly, simple majority voting satisfies anonymity: it assigns the same value to two lists that are permutations of one another.
		Simple majority voting also satisfies neutrality: if everyone reverses their vote, the result is reversed, a tie remains a tie.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Majority_voting (1110 words)

	Simple majority voting -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Simple majority voting is an example of a social choice rule: a mapping that associates a list of individual preferences with a resulting outcome.
		Secondly, simple majority voting satisfies (The state of being anonymous) anonymity: it assigns the same value to two lists that are permutations of one another.
		Simple majority voting also satisfies (Nonparticipation in a dispute or war) neutrality: if everyone reverses their vote, the result is reversed, a tie remains a tie.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/si/simple_majority_voting.htm (1165 words)

	Buchanan: Collected Works, Buchanan and Tullock, The Calculus of Consent: Logical Foundations of Constitutional ...
		We see that the results of simple majority voting in the model where full side payments are allowed differ in several essential respects from the results of this rule when such payments are not allowed.
		Majority rule allows members of the decisive coalition to impose external costs on other individuals in the group, costs that are not adequately taken into account in the effective decisions.
		The whole question of the relationship between the operation of simple majority voting rules and the "efficiency" in resource usage, within the context of the game-theory models, can best be discussed in terms of the constructions of modern welfare economics.
	www.econlib.org /library/Buchanan/buchCv3c11.html (7740 words)

	8-19-04
		The safeguards are to protect the little guy from abuse by the big guy who might seek to exercise his will by a simple majority vote.
		The Electoral College is one of the safeguards in restraining the abuses of the majority.
		With the simple majority vote the small state has been stripped of its power to influence matters concerning it’s own needs, and has to depend on big state number two’s sympathy.
	www.gospelontheweb.com /editor18.htm (1052 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In essence, majority rule allows for the possibility of a law passing that yields very small positive externalities on the majority of people who voted for it while yielding very high negative externalities on the remainder of the population.
		In this particular case, the majority of the population has succeeded in passing a law that is far from socially efficient.
		Simple because a majority holds a specific opinion does not necessitate that this particular opinion is justifiable through reason and logic.
	www.wfu.edu /~heckeljc/ecn225/papers/2002/jc_td.doc (1805 words)

	PA DeMolay Resources - Parliamentary Procedure
		Majority - A majority, in parliamentary procedure, refers to the number of votes needed to pass a motion.
		A 2/3 majority requires that 2/3 of the votes be in favor to pass the motion.
		Example 1: A 2/3 majority is required to pass Motion A in a group with 70 voting members present.
	www.pademolay.org /resource/parliamentary/majority.html (527 words)

	WSSDA - FAQ's about the simple majority issue
		We are proposing that the State Legislature allow the citizens of Washington to vote to change their own constitution, and thereby allow school levies or bonds to be approved by a simple majority of those voting (50%+1) at any election held on any of the six authorized election dates.
		One would allow simple majority approval (versus the 60%) but only when all school elections are held at the November general election, with no opportunity for a second try.
		Many of those legislators may support the "simple majority" proposal, but only with stipulations designed to assure large voter turn-out; i.e., only at general elections or only when elections are conducted entirely by mail.
	www.wssda.org /wssda/WebForms/En-Us/LegislativeAndGovernmentalIssues/SimpleMajorityFAQ.asp (2433 words)

	The Nuclear Option
		Back then, in 1975, it was a bare Democratic majority that mustered the will to force a change in Rule XXII, the "cloture rule," decreasing the number of votes required to break a filibuster from two-thirds of the Senate, or 67 votes, to the current level of three-fifths of the body, or 60 votes.
		At this point, the majority could overrule the anti-majoritarian precedent, uphold the ruling of the chair, and proceed to a final yea-or-nay vote on the original question by securing a simple majority vote in favor of the motion to table.
		If all that seems complex, it is. But the basic import of such procedural maneuvering is that a simple majority of the current Senate can force a change in Rule XXII to reduce the supermajoritarian cloture requirement, thus making it possible to end debate by simple majority vote.
	www.cfif.org /htdocs/legislative_issues/federal_issues/hot_issues_in_congress/confirmation_watch/nuclear_option.htm (1008 words)

	Special Majorities (Evelyn Gordon) April, 2000
		Sweden, along with a simple majority in the referendum, demands that the proposal in question be approved by two consecutive parliaments.
		Spain, which is also on the ministry's list, has the most stringent approval process of all: In addition to a simple majority in the referendum, it requires a two-thirds vote in both houses of parliament by two consecutive parliaments.
		A two-thirds majority in parliament would be far from an insurmountable barrier: The peace agreements with both Egypt and Jordan were approved by even wider margins.
	www.freeman.org /m_online/apr00/gordon2.htm (682 words)

	Mechanisms For Preventing Tyranny of the Majority in a Democracy
		Moreover, majorities in any legislature often merely impose their will on those numerical minorities with opposing philosophies for as long as they are able, which means at least one election cycle, if not many.
		If the founders had wanted simple majority rule with that number or proportion of total representatives, they would have set it up so there would currently be 535 members and just one chamber, and a majority vote of 268 would carry any measure.
		But the greatest obstacle to simple majority rule is the Constitution itself because no legislation passed by a simple majority which is inconsistent with its provisions is valid law.
	www.garlikov.com /philosophy/majorityrule.htm (3818 words)

	Commentary
		Every one of them received the support of a simple majority (50 percent plus one) of voters, but 10 did not pass because they failed to obtain a super-majority, or two-thirds, vote, as required by state law.
		Many policymakers argue that a simple majority of local voters should be able to decide what funds are needed to improve their local schools.
		While the growing support for school bonds and simple majorities may raise a red flag for anti-tax crusaders, these options are simply seen by state voters as the least costly and most effective methods of supporting their top policy priority — revitalizing their schools.
	www.ppic.org /main/commentary.asp?i=213 (1054 words)

	Budget Gridlock: Rival Views on 2/3 Vote -- The Case for a Super Majority (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In addition to the two-thirds majority vote requirement, the Legislature is also required by the state Constitution to pass the budget by June 15.
		The most dangerous of these proposals are those seeking to reduce the number of votes required to pass the budget to a simple majority.
		Some of those who support a simple-majority vote on the budget have argued that a compromise voting arrangement could be implemented, with a simple majority for the budget and a two-thirds majority for tax bills.
	www.caltax.org /MEMBER/digest/oct98/oct98-6.htm (665 words)

	[No title]
		The Constitution establishes a simple majority as the Senate consensus sufficient to confirm nominees of the President who are officers of the United States under the Appointments Clause, including judges and members of the Cabinet.
		The arguments in favor of a supermajority cloture rule for the purpose of thwarting confirmation by a simple Senate majority are unpersuasive.
		It tacitly declares a simple majority is sufficient, without expressly prohibiting an upward adjustment by Senate rule.
	www.senate.gov /comm/judiciary/general/testimony.cfm?id=744&wit_id=2045 (1840 words)

	The Number of Electors Necessary for the Election of a President
		Proponents of a "simple" majority requirement in the Electoral College have argued that the word "appointed" in the phrase "if such Number be a Majority of the whole Number of Electors appointed," (emphasis added) means the number of electors actually chosen on election day and properly certified by their States.
		The word "appointed," upon which some advocates of a simple majority requirement had placed such heavy reliance, was added to the Constitution's text immediately after the Convention had rejected a proposal that would, indeed, have permitted the Electoral College to elect a President based on a simple majority of the electors who actually voted.
		But as a majority of the votes might not always happen to centre on one man and as it might be unsafe to permit less than a majority to be conclusive, it is provided, that in such a contingency, the house of representatives shall select out of the candidates.
	www.heritage.org /Research/LegalIssues/LM1.cfm (4808 words)

	UF RESEARCHERS: FOR THE BEST DECISIONS, USE A SIMPLE MAJORITY VOTE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The committee can be sure they have chosen the best candidates if they employ a simple majority vote in their selection process.
		The groups performed the experiment under a simple majority rule and a strict majority rule that required yes votes from four, five, six or seven members.
		The results showed that answer accuracy was highest in the groups when a simple majority rule was used to determine a group vote.
	www.napa.ufl.edu /98news/majority.htm (588 words)

	Japan’s ruling LDP bloc ekes out simple majority
		Yesterday’s balloting was the first major test for Koizumi since he took power two years ago, and he said the results gave his Liberal Democratic Party-led bloc the mandate it needs to forge ahead with reforms.
		The LDP initially won only 237 seats but later regained a simple majority in the 480-seat lower house of Parliament by merging with one of its junior partners and converting three independent lawmakers.
		But the vote was hardly a resounding victory for the LDP, which failed to win a simple majority on its own, and it reflected growing dissatisfaction with the conservative party’s inability to end an economic slowdown that has persisted for 13 years.
	www.showmenews.com /2003/Nov/20031110News015.asp (433 words)

	KOMO : House OKs Simple Majority For School Levies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		OLYMPIA - Voters should decide whether a simple majority is sufficient to approve a school levy, the state House said Monday.
		It provides that a levy must be approved by a "super majority" of at least 60 percent.
		"There are people who are opposed to the simple majority who are legislators, but it's time to send it to the people to broaden the base of a debate," she said.
	www.komotv.com /news/printstory.asp?id=35382 (523 words)

	Don Singleton: Specter betrays GOP Leadership
		Republican leaders want to use parliamentary procedures to confirm judges with a simple majority -- the so-called "nuclear option." which is the scary-sounding name for a simple Senate rule change to stop the filibuster of appeals-court nominees.
		Ending a filibuster requires 60 votes--rather than the simple majority of 51 that was sufficient to confirm judges for all of Senate history until this Presidency.
		The idea is that if the Democrats filibuster another nominee, Majority Leader Bill Frist would ask for a ruling from the Senate's presiding officer that under Rule XXII only a simple majority vote is needed to end debate on judicial nominations.
	donsingleton.blogspot.com /2005/03/specter-betrays-gop-leadership.html (658 words)

	The Spokesman-Review.com - House lets simple majority raise taxes
		The state House says schools should be able to raise property taxes with a simple majority vote.
		The bill now goes to the Senate, where majority Republicans killed a similar measure last year over concerns that taxpayers could be hit with staggering increases.
		She said she was inspired to run for the Legislature after being frustrated as a school board member when school levy votes failed just shy of 60 percent.
	www.spokesmanreview.com /pf.asp?date=012004&ID=s1474898 (608 words)

	SR.com: Simple majority for levies urged
		She and others say that a majority of votes – 50 percent plus one – should be enough.
		They would also strip away a rule that at least 40 percent as many people as voted in the district's last general election must vote in a bond/levy election for it to be considered valid.
		Two-thirds of all lawmakers would have to agree, and then a majority of the state's voters would have to OK the change at the next November election.
	www.spokesmanreview.com /tools/story_pf.asp?ID=50868 (801 words)

	March 17
		Members of the Simple Majority Coalition rallied around today’s bipartisan vote by the House of Representatives in favor of House Joint Resolution 4204.
		In its current form, the bill would allow voters to decide whether to change the state constitution, allowing school levies to pass with a simple majority of “yes” votes.
		The Simple Majority Coalition seeks to ensure school bonds and levies need only a simple majority of votes cast — 50 percent plus one — to pass in an election.
	www.wastatepta.org /programs/Legislation/simple_majority.htm (566 words)

	2002 Proxy Statement
		The proposal purports to require that matters be subject to a "simple majority vote on all issues" without regard to the role of the Board of Directors.
		The Company could not, without violating Delaware law which governs the Company, permit adoption of any resolution by "simple majority vote" where such action is prohibited by law in the absence of a prior approval and recommendation by the Board of Directors.
		Proponent's 2001 simple majority vote proposal received 47.39% of the shares present and entitled to vote at the meeting.
	www.boeing.com /companyoffices/financial/finreports/annual/02proxy/item11.html (1041 words)

	Simple-Majority Vote on School Bond Issues (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The State Board of Education has endorsed a petition campaign by the Missouri PTA and the Missouri School Boards Association that aims to make it easier for local school districts to win approval of bond issues.
		The petition campaign calls for a statewide vote on a constitutional amendment to permit the approval of local school district bond issues by a simple majority of local voters.
		Under the current state constitution, school districts must win a "super majority" — either two-thirds or four-sevenths — when they ask voters to approve bond issues for construction or renovation of school facilities.
	www.dese.state.mo.us /news/2001/simplemajority.htm (237 words)

	kitsapsun.com: Politics
		The Senate vote itself paralleled the point amendment sponsors were making: the measure drew a simple majority, but died because it didn't have the supermajority necessary for a constitutional amendment.
		Supporters of the simple majority maintain that the supermajority requirement is outdated and unfair, while opponents call it an important protection for property tax payers.
		Senate Republican Leader Bill Finkbeiner of Kirkland said his members would have supported simple majority approval with the provision that the school levy and bond measures be on the November general election ballots, which tend to have the highest voter turnout.
	www.thesunlink.com /bsun/lo_politics/article/0,2403,BSUN_19086_3628568,00.html (690 words)

	Can the Senate Bind Itself So that Only a Supermajority Can Change Its Rules?
		The cloture vote supermajority requirement is thus unconstitutional, and must be replaced by a simple majority vote procedure.
		That's because majorities are free to impose supermajority requirements on themselves, provided the ultimate sovereignty is free to revisit those requirements by a simple majority vote.
		The key is that the reins of power remain in the right hands - the hands of a simple majority, either of the respective House of Congress, or of We the People.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/937436/posts (2840 words)

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