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Topic: Simple traversal of UDP over NATs

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	STUN - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		STUN is (Simple Traversal of UDP over NATs) is a network protocol allowing clients behind NAT (or multiple NATs) to find out its public address, the type of NAT it is behind and the internet side port associated by the NAT with a particular local port.
		The response also allows the STUN client to determine what type of NAT is in use, as different types of NATs handle incoming UDP packets differently.
		It will not work with symmetric NAT (also known as bi-directional NAT) which is often found in the networks of large companies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/STUN (452 words)

	Traversal Using Relay NAT - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Traversal Using Relay NAT (TURN) is a protocol that allows for an element behind a NAT or firewall to receive incoming data over TCP or UDP connections.
		It is most useful for elements behind symmetric NATs or firewalls that wish to be on the receiving end of a connection to a single peer.
		Simple Traversal of UDP Through NAT (STUN) provides one means for an application to traverse a NAT.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/TURN (461 words)

	RFC 3489 (rfc3489) - STUN - Simple Traversal of User Datagram Protocol (UD
		NAT Variations It is assumed that the reader is familiar with NATs.
		Restricted Cone: A restricted cone NAT is one where all requests from the same internal IP address and port are mapped to the same external IP address and port.
		Whilst the detection of the specific type of NAT may be brittle, the discovery of the existence of NAT is itself quite robust.
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc3489.html (14398 words)

	VoIP
		Simple Traversal of UDP over NATs STUN (Simple Traversal of UDP over NATs) is a network protocol allowing client behind NAT (or multiple NATs) to find out its public address, the type of NAT it is behind and the internet side port associated by the nat with a particular local port.
		The STUN protocol (Simple Traversal of UDP through NATs) is described in the IETF RFC 3489, available at http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3489.txt http://jstun.javawi.de/ "JSTUN" is a java based STUN (Simple Traversal of User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Through Network Address Translation (NAT)) implementation.
		What is VoIPong VoIPong is a utility which detects all Voice Over IP calls on a pipeline, and for those which are G711 encoded, dumps actual conversation to seperate wave files.
	www.devmobile.net /nleghari/freemind/VoIp.html (741 words)

	Simple traversal of UDP over NATs (STUN) - TheBestLinks.com - Firewall, Internet, VoIP, SIP, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		"Simple Traversal of User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Through Network Address Translators (NATs) (STUN) is a lightweight protocol that allows applications to discover the presence and types of NATs and firewalls between them and the public Internet.
		VoIP signalling protocols like SIP use UDP packets for the transfer of sound data over the internet, but these UDP packets often have trouble getting through NATs in home routers.
		It won't work with symmetric NAT (also known as bi-directional NAT) which is often found in the networks of large companies.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Simple_traversal_of_UDP_over_NATs___28__STUN__29__.html (351 words)

	Network Address Translation Information Page - network-address-translation
		In computer networking, network address translation (NAT, also known as network masquerading or IP-masquerading) is a technique in which the source and/or destination addresses of IP packets are rewritten as they pass through a router or firewall.
		NAT first became popular as a way to deal with the IPv4 address shortage and to avoid the difficulty of reserving IP addresses.
		NAT with port-translation comes in two sub-types: source address translation (source NAT), which re-writes the IP address of the computer which initiated the connection; and its counterpart, destination address translation (destination NAT).
	www.infotechloco.com /Network-Address-Translation.htm (1142 words)

	Peer-to-Peer Communication Across Network Address Translators
		As with UDP, it is important that TCP applications authenticate their peer-to-peer sessions, due of the likelihood of mistakenly connecting to a random host on the local network that happens to have the same private IP address as the desired host on a remote private network.
		NAT Check's primary purpose is to test NATs for the two behavioral properties most crucial to reliable UDP and TCP hole punching: namely, consistent identity-preserving endpoint translation (Section 5.1), and silently dropping unsolicited incoming TCP SYNs instead of rejecting them with RSTs or ICMP errors (Section 5.2).
		NAT Check currently assumes that a NAT supporting hairpin translation does not filter ``incoming'' hairpin connections arriving from the private network in the way it would filter incoming connections arriving at the public side of the NAT, because such filtering is unnecessary for security.
	www.brynosaurus.com /pub/net/p2pnat (7940 words)

	Characterization and Measurement of TCP Traversal through NATs and Firewalls
		Port prediction requires that the line of NATs between the client and STUNT server be the same as that between the client and the most external NAT of the endpoint it wishes to connect with.
		NAT traversal is an idea that has long existed since it was first proposed for UDP by Dan Kegel, and used for P2P gaming, in the late 90's.
		Even with existing NATs, which have not been designed with TCP NAT traversal in mind, we are able to show a 88% average success rate for TCP connection establishment with NATs in the wild, and a 100% success rate for pairs of certain common types of NAT boxes.
	nutss.gforge.cis.cornell.edu /pub/imc05-tcpnat (8218 words)

	eyeP Media > Products \| Leader in global SIP and MGCP SDKs, Softphones and Voice & Video over IP solutions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Now service providers may have their own NAT traversal schemes, in this case the different options described below may not be relevant anymore (then use the "Never" option).
		Or the deployment by the service provider of a NAT resolution capable hardware such as an SBC (Session Border Controller) will be used by default by the softphone and no further action needs to be taken by the end user.
		The STUN protocol is used to determine which kind of NAT it is: Full cone, Registered, Port Registered or Symmetric.
	www.eyepmedia.com /faq_security.html (774 words)

	NAT Traversal for Multimedia over IP Services-
		NAT devices translate IP addresses and port numbers in private address ranges into public addresses when traffic traverses between private and public networks.
		Clearly in the case of a NAT, there is no equivalent of an attendant so unsolicited incoming calls cannot be supported.
		In this White Paper, we will describe a range of proposed solutions to NAT traversal and consider the implications of each with regard to security (i.e.
	www.newport-networks.com /whitepapers/nat-traversal2.html (669 words)

	[No title]
		Standards Track [Page 5] RFC 3489 STUN March 2003 Determining the type of NAT is important in many cases.
		Specifically, consider the case in which the attacker wishes to convince client C that it has address V. The attacker needs to have a network element on the path between A and the server (in order to modify the request) and on the path between the server Rosenberg, et al.
		Standards Track [Page 38] RFC 3489 STUN March 2003 o Provide a means for a client to obtain an address on the public Internet from a non-symmetric NAT, for the express purpose of receiving incoming UDP traffic from another host, targeted to that address.
	www.ietf.org /rfc/rfc3489.txt (14861 words)

	Download Page: STUN Server (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The STUN (Simple Traversal of UDP through NATs (Network Address Translation)) server is an implementation of the STUN protocol that enables STUN functionality in SIP-based systems.
		In addition there is a command line UNIX client and a graphical windows client that check what type of NAT the user is using.
		STUN is an application-layer protocol that can determine the public IP and nature of a NAT device that sits between the STUN client and STUN server.
	www.vovida.org /applications/downloads/stun (339 words)

	LWN: Development
		Another interesting protocol is IAX2, developed by the Asterisk project, since it communicates only over a single UDP port.
		To circumvent the problems faced when dealing with Network Address Translation (NAT), a Simple Traversal of UDP over NATs (STUN) server can be used.
		Rather than creating and destroying connections over and over again, established practice calls for use of a pool of connections that can be reused.
	lwn.net /Articles/180777 (2288 words)

	Preferred VOIP Codecs/Protocols - VoIP.sh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Some other technologies required public ip addresses assigned to the voip phones, for IAX, the devices can have a private IP and still be able to receive phone calls thru the outgoing connection it maintains with the AIX server.
		The reason it suffers when using NATs is it uses UDP packets.
		IAX uses UDP packets as well but only a single stream on 1 port.
	www.voip.sh /showthread.php?p=23 (305 words)

	STUN - BitWise DocuWiki
		STUN stands for Simple Traversal of UDP over NATs and is a method whereby software running on a computer behind a router can find out its Internet IP, the port used internally and externally for a given connection, and other information.
		BitWise uses the STUN protocol to facilitate UDP Punching in conjunction with voice chat.
		You can select which public STUN server you want to use in the Voice preferences.
	www.bitwiseim.com /wiki/index.php?title=STUN (109 words)

	Google's Jingle: Slightly Out of Tune
		The classes in the base component are used and extended in p2p and session, which provide further classes for establishing peer-to-peer connections and for maintaining P2P sessions.
		Finally, xmpp is a simple implementation of the XMPP spec used in the examples to provide basic XMPP-related functionality, like logging in to servers and sending messages to other clients.
		A STUN (Simple Traversal of UDP over NATs) server is a means for two clients, each behind NAT firewalls, to initiate communications.
	www.devsource.com /article2/0,1895,1936431,00.asp (905 words)

	Zoom Telephonics 5801 58010011 Voice over IP Teleph. Adapter
		Zoom Telephonics 5801 58010011 Voice over IP Teleph.
		The Model 5801 Voice over IP Telephone Adapter allows standard analog telephones to make and receive voice calls over the Internet using a broadband connection.
		Simply plug conventional wired or cordless phones into the Model 5801 and then plug the Model 5801 into a broadband-connected router or Internet gateway.
	www.arsenalpc.com /Details.asp?ItemID=29226 (602 words)

	Special Focus: Multi-core Processing to Dominate Embedded Devices in 12-18 Months
		The challenges the firewall poses to voice over IP have been well documented.
		Those challenges of routing VoIP (define - news -alerts) traffic to traverse the network address translation (NAT) firewall securely, yet quickly, are greatly magnified when scaled out to the carrier-class or Central Office level.
		A number of software-based solutions, like Interactive Connectivity Establishment (ICE) or Simple Traversal of UDP over NATs (STUN), have been developed to address the issue.
	www.tmcnet.com /voip/0306/special-focus-multicore-processing.htm (1106 words)

	Zoom Telephonics 5800 58000011 Voice over IP Teleph. Adapter
		Zoom Telephonics 5800 58000011 Voice over IP Teleph.
		The Zoom Model 5800 Voice over IP Telephone Adapter allows standard
		route calls over the dial-up phone network for highly reliable
	www.arsenalpc.com /Details.asp?ItemID=29225 (743 words)

	UDP ( User Datagram Protocol)
		User Datagram Protocol - an alternative to the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) for using the Internet Protocol to get a unit of data from one computer to another
		Unlike TCP, UDP doesn't divide the message into packets and reassemble it.
		It's sometimes used to save processing time with applications that have very small amounts of data to transmit
	ucallfree.blogware.com /blog/_archives/2005/6/20/957994.html (149 words)

	Newegg.com - Once You Know, You Newegg
		Zoom Telephonics, Inc. 58010011 VoIP (Voice Over IP)
		Features: Integrated ADSL modem and router plus Voice over IP for telephone calls over the Internet Zoom’s TelePort feature allows one or more normal phones to place and receive calls worldwide over the Internet, and also to connect to any phone on the Public Switched Telephone Network Includes FREE VoIP to VoIP calling
		Zoom Telephonics 5806-00-11 Voice over IP Telephone Adapter - Retail
	www.newegg.com /Product/Product.asp?Item=N82E16833203004 (1277 words)

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