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Topic: Simpsons paradox

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Paradox

Low birth weight paradox

Weight function

Weighted average

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Epimenides paradox

Average

Statistical phenomena

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Weighted geometric mean

Regression toward the mean

Statistical dispersion

Correlation implies causation (logical fallacy)

Arithmetic mean

	Simpson's Paradox
		Simpson' paradox, however, slams a hammer down on the rule and the result is a good deal worse than a sore thumb.
		Simpson's Paradox is caused by a combination of a lurking variable and data from unequal sized groups being combined into a single data set.
		Simpson's Paradox will generally not be a problem in a well designed experiment or survey if possible lurking variables are identified ahead of time and properly controlled.
	www.intuitor.com /statistics/SimpsonsParadox.html (638 words)

	Omnipotence paradox - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Since the Middle Ages, philosophers have phrased the paradox in many ways, of which the classic example is, "Could an omnipotent being create a rock so heavy that even that being could not lift it?" This particular formulation is flawed in that it posits disability/impotence ("could not lift it") as a proof of omnipotence.
		The classic statement of the "irresistible force" paradox suffers from shortcomings when viewed in the context of modern physics, for a cannonball which cannot be deflected and a wall which cannot be knocked down are both objects of the same impossible type, that is, objects of infinite inertia.
		The paradox may be solved, but at the expense of rendering logic futile, unnecessary or meaningless in defining such a being since such a being transcends logic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Omnipotence_paradox (2526 words)

	Simpson's paradox - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Simpson's paradox (or the Yule-Simpson effect) is a statistical paradox described by E.
		The arithmetical basis of the paradox is uncontroversial.
		Simpson's paradox shows us an extreme example of the importance of including data about possible confounding variables when attempting to calculate correlations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Simpsons_paradox (1048 words)

	[No title]
		The Simpsons is in a class of its own and it will be a shame if Matt Groening chooses to focus more on Futurama instead of the show which made him famous to the whole world.
		Simpsons are trying to live up the fans expectations, and with that, the show has took a nosedive in quaility.
		Simpsons is superior to Futurama and thats all ther is to it.
	www.simpsonsfolder.com /library/simpvsfutura.html (2759 words)

	Talk:Omnipotence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Then again, biologically, the logical paradox of the Michael Jordan theorem is fundamentally flawed in that jamming balls is usually a bad thing to do and could get you disqualified for sabotaging your opponent's balls in a logical loop of theuristic disappropriative dissonance.
		Omnipotence seems to be a paradox as does the existence of God and space.
		Saying "God is a paradox" is equivalent to saying "God cannot exist" and I don't think that was your intent.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Omnipotence (3195 words)

	Simpson's Paradox
		Simpson's paradox occurs when an association between two variables is reversed upon observing a third variable.
		This is paradoxical because we observe both the law and business school admitting a higher proportion of women, but somehow their data combines to admit more men.
		To demonstrate the paradox, you must demonstrate the relationship between the explanatory and response variables is reversed when you break down the table by the confounding variable.
	www.ms.uky.edu /~viele/sta200f98/simpsons/simpsons.html (1017 words)

	The Simpsons as Social Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		In many ways, this question stems from a still larger paradox of democracy in which a desire for equality often invalidates the notion that some people are better equipped to lead than others.
		With the exception of one episode in which Homer has a crayon removed from his brain (temporarily), the father is consistently viewed as the "everyman" dolt, glued to television and distrustful of brighter folks than he.
		Skoble concludes that many Simpsons escapades, most notably the Mensa episode, reflect show writers' assumptions that the utopian schemes of so-called philosopher kings contains contradictions that may be found at the root of being human: our simultaneous need for authority and desire for independence.
	www.sjsu.edu /faculty/wooda/muse/skoble.html (232 words)

	Simpson's Paradox
		This is Simpson's paradox: Any statistical relationship between two variables may be reversed by including additional factors in the analysis.
		As you sit in your office, relaxing, relieved that the incomprehensible awfulness of Simpson's Paradox is now safely in the past, you receive a phone call from the Home Office.
		Simpson's paradox has struck again, reversing the statistical relationship between two variables on the inclusion of an additional factor in the analysis.
	www.cawtech.freeserve.co.uk /simpsons.2.html (928 words)

	Contingency tables - Simpson's paradox (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		This is known as Simpson's Paradox which refers to the reversal of results when several groups are combined together to form a single group.
		This is based on "Ignoring a covariate: An example of Simpson's Paradox" by Appleton, D.R. French, J.M. and Vanderpump, M.P (1996, American Statistician, 50, 340-341).
		Closing remarks Simpson's paradox is an example of the dangers of lurking variables - an example of this was also seen in scatterplots with lurking variables (wages as a function of years of experience for males and females) and in correlation with lurking variables.
	www.math.sfu.ca /~cschwarz/Stat-301/Handouts/node49.html (395 words)

	Don't Have a Sacred Cow, Man!, Sojourners Magazine/September-October 2001
		The Simpsons may go to church, pray, and quote scripture, but the preaching, the prayer, or the passage is almost always a setup or a punch line.
		It was the image of a rebellious, youth-corrupting Bart Simpson that caused many conservativesâ”George Bush I, among themâ”to decry the show as evidence of America's moral decline when it debuted in 1989.
		The paradox of The Simpsons' fascination with and suspicion of religion is best expressed in the difference between Ned Flanders and Rev. Lovejoy, the two most obviously religious characters on the show.
	www.sojo.net /magazine/index.cfm/action/sojourners/issue/soj0109/article/010931.html (1194 words)

	Journal of Statistics Education, V7N3: Morrell
		This article presents an example of Simpson's paradox from a South African longitudinal study of growth of children.
		Simpson's Paradox (Simpson 1951) occurs when the direction of an association between two variables is reversed when a third variable is controlled.
		This paper presents an example of Simpson's Paradox that occurred in a South African longitudinal study of growth of children.
	www.amstat.org /publications/jse/secure/v7n3/datasets.morrell.cfm (1089 words)

	Welcome to Argonaut Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The claims he makes are often too sweeping (“‘The Simpsons’ has formulated mainstream culture’s most widely spoken critical vernacular, its most promising dissenting opinion”) and the analysis too exhaustive.
		His conclusion is a realization of how conflicted the world is about America, how sure America is of its place in the world and how “The Simpsons” writers have embraced a paradox, both challenging and celebrating the ideals their home country holds dear.
		The primary purpose of the show, “Simpsons” creator Matt Groening has said, is to “entertain and subvert.” Turner often focuses so much on the subversion he neglects the humor.
	www.argonaut.uidaho.edu /archives/012105/art6.html (526 words)

	[No title]
		Subject: Simpson's paradox, continuous-case Date: Sun, 16 Apr 2000 10:57:38 -0700 Newsgroups: sci.math,sci.stat.math A general form of "Simpson's paradox" is as follows: Random variables X,Y,Z, are distributed such that, for y,z in the support of Y,Z, E(XY=y) is strictly increasing in y, but, for every z, E(XY=y,Z=z) is strictly decreasing in y.
		Simpson's paradox is also know as "Ecological Fallacy," and I think that the examples under that name may be more apt to be continuous.
		writes: > A general form of "Simpson's paradox" is as follows: > > Random variables X,Y,Z, are distributed such that, > for y,z in the support of Y,Z, > > E(XY=y) is strictly increasing in y, > but, for every z, > E(XY=y,Z=z) is strictly decreasing in y.
	www.math.niu.edu /~rusin/known-math/00_incoming/simpsons (1352 words)

	Keyword (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Simpsons producers haven't revealed which character turns out to be gay, but that hasn't...
		The union actors who dub "The Simpsons" into Spanish are asking their Mexican audience for help as they fight for their livelihoods in a labor dispute that could silence the original Spanish voices from the 15-year-old animated comedy.
		The Springfield Paradox arises from the following observation: there are many springfields (springfield with a small S shall refer to an external contact point to Springfield, or an observable Springfield) connected to one Springfield; thus they must connect at different angles.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/keyword?k=thesimpsons (2101 words)

	Paradox, paradox to access, paradox example (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The 21st century announces itself as an era of backlash and paradox.
		In fact, what the Banach-Tarski paradox shows is that no matter how you try to define "volume" so that it corresponds with our usual definition for nice...
		This resolution of the paradox of motion presumably never occurred to Zeno,...
	www.readingsky.com /paradox.html (257 words)

	Salon.com People \| Matt Groening
		His mission, Groening has said, was to create a sofa-centric sitcom about a typical American family and turn it upside down in retaliation for all the bad TV he watched as a kid.
		"Simpsons" executive producer Mike Scully, who took over as show runner, or head writer, in 1996, has said that in order to write for "The Simpsons," a writer must have "a healthy disrespect for everything Americans hold dear." And judging from the success of "The Simpsons," what Americans hold most dear is disrespect itself.
		Images of "The Simpsons" have been licensed to sell everything from T-shirts to toys to potato chips to cheese, suggesting that mainstream culture has gotten pretty good at marketing genuine hipness as well.
	archive.salon.com /people/bc/2001/01/30/groening (905 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: The Gospel According to the "Simpsons": The Spiritual Life of the World's Most Animated Family: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Simpsons is one of the longest running, funniest, most irreverent, and, according to some religious leaders, the most spiritually relevant show on television today.
		This is a rich paradox, which the author explores in some depth, reviewing relevant episodes fairly carefully and interviewing writers and other staff.
		And what he lacks in detailed knowledge of "the Simpsons" he more than makes up for with accurate insights, and he still manages to understand that nothing is said maliciously.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0664224199 (1346 words)

	hadjicostas and simpsons paradox
		hadjicostas and simpsons paradox forum index -> hadjicostas and simpsons paradox
		Posted: June 19, 2005, 7:54 pm Post subject: hadjicostas and simpsons paradox
		In whom it is possible to order the hadjicostas and simpsons paradox?
	mywebpage.netscape.com /LainaPavia1569/hadjicostas-and-simpsons-paradox.html (328 words)

	Simpson - TheBestLinks.com - Australia, The Simpsons, Simpson's paradox, Wallis Simpson, ...
		Simpson - TheBestLinks.com - Australia, The Simpsons, Simpson's paradox, Wallis Simpson,...
		Simpson, Australia, The Simpsons, Simpson's paradox, Wallis Simpson, United...
		Simpson is the name of some places in the United States of America including
	www.thebestlinks.com /Simpson.html (159 words)

	Verlag Alber - Philosophie Geschichte Kommunikation
		Eine ursprünglich in der Statistik entdeckte Paradoxie, Simpsons Paradox, ist auch in der theoretischen Philosophie eingehend diskutiert worden.
		Simpson’s paradox, initially discovered in statistics, has been thoroughly discussed in theoretical philosophy.
		I use Simpson’s paradox to show that under certain conditions ascriptions as these lead to justificatory deficits.
	www.verlag-alber.de /jahrbuecher_phil_regist2_05_html (1063 words)

	[No title]
		I bet a lot of recent detractors find the 'Bob as the good guy' story as a total paradox but it doesn't bother me. It's funny, watching this I almost felt sorry for Sideshow Bob at the end which gives me a feeling that the episode was a little incomplete.
		Perhaps it was inevitable that he be cast as the brother of Kelsey Grammer's Simpsons character.
		It is not to be redistributed in a public forum without consent from its author or current maintainer (capsules@snpp.com).
	www.snpp.com /episodes/4F14 (7715 words)

	Godlorica: God and The Simpsons
		The Simpsons is a cartoon satire that disarms the viewer and encourages a slightly askew but ultimately clearer look at the world.
		Presidents seeking to court the religious right, preachers from their pulpits and defenders of traditional family values have all attacked The Simpsons.
		The author examines how God and religion are treated on the show and why the reputation of the show amongst the faithful is so poor.
	godlorica.blogspot.com /2005/12/god-and-simpsons.html (231 words)

	Topic: Popular Culture
		Instead, to generate interest in The Simpsons Movie, Fox launched its second proprietary Simpsons site last year, simpsonsmovie.com.
		Simpsons fans do not express their devotion by exclusively surfing to Fox-approved content.
		They visit IMDB to learn that the voices behind Homer, Krusty and Mayor Quimby are all Dan Castellaneta.
	blog.compete.com /topics/popular-culture (2334 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Simpson's Paradox consider a set of Male (M) and Female (~M) patients who are Treated (R) or not Treated (~T) and then recover (R) or don't (~R).
		M R ~R T ~T ~M R ~R T ~T All R ~R T ~T Pearl writes: SIMPSON'S PARADOX Simpson's paradox, first noticed by Karl Pearson in 1899, concerns the disturbing observation that every statistical relationship between two variables may be REVERSED by including additional factors in the analysis.
		The classical case demonstrating Simpson's paradox took place in 1975, when UC Berkeley was investigated for sex bias in graduate admission.
	www.cis.upenn.edu /~ungar/CIS520/Notes/simpsons-paradox (246 words)

	Dialogues@RU - Volume Three, Spring 2004
		It is interesting that the Fox Corporation owns the rights to The Simpsons because the show acts a paradox—it is both the symbol and antithesis of mass culture in America.
		The popularity of the show ensures the intellectually elite that their “messages” are transmitting to the masses; however, once the rest of America watches the show it is up to the individual to dissect and separate the seamless union between entertainment and satire.
		If the majority of the audience fails to distinguish the two, we can safely say that The Simpsons will soon go the way of the American media, and sooner or later, we will has to start searching for new venues that will properly discuss, evaluate and critique the machinations within popular culture.
	www.rci.rutgers.edu /~dialogs/vol_03/essays/r_singh/r_singh_VI.html (504 words)

	Paradox, epr paradox, paradox plaza (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Paradox plaza Arrows paradox Epr paradox Castle paradox Enchanted shrine visual paradox Barber paradox Twin paradox Parador properties French paradox Paradox poetry
		A seemingly contradictory statement that may nonetheless be true: the paradox that standing is more tiring than walking.
		Paradox 10 Paradox of the heap Unicorn love visual paradox Paradox lake Mathematical paradox Hydrostatic paradox Olbers paradox Fermi paradox Paradox security Define paradox
	lookgames.net /paradox.html (418 words)

	eBay - simpsons ..., TV, Movie, Character Toys, Nonfiction Books items on eBay.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Sherratt & Simpson 2 mice on a candlestick # 55197
		Simpsons Neon Light Sign 005 Duff Beer Drink Bar Pubs
		Simpsons Neon Light Sign 146 Duff Beer Drink Bar Pubs
	search-desc.ebay.com /search/search.dll?query=simpsons+...&newu=1&krd=1 (472 words)

	Direct Marketing: Simpson's paradox and database profiling.@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Direct marketers should locate and correct profile distortions from merged response data bases to ensure the accuracy of the profiles and to achieve greater response rates.
		One type of profile distortion that can occur when the data bases from two or more different offerings are combined to develop a target customer profile is Simpson's Paradox, where the results of the customer profile are contrary to the results of the individual data bases.
		Simpson's Paradox can occur when the mailings have different response characteristics and the lists have a different mix of descriptor characteristics.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?docid=1G1:8846498&refid=ink_tptd_mag (216 words)

	Printer Friendly: Simpsons Comics #78 Review - Silver Bullet Comics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		He opens the book with what looks to be another Simpsons-type history lesson in which the characters replace historical or period figures: in this case the password is Lincoln.
		A lot of people do not realize how skilled one must be to render the Simpsons properly.
		Although the characters do not look anatomic, they still must be scaled properly and proportionate within their own model.
	www.silverbulletcomicbooks.com /reviews/104476422063528,print.htm (276 words)

	Welcome To Paradox TV Show - Welcome To Paradox Television Show - TV.com
		Welcome to Paradox is a provocative sci-fi anthology series.
		All episodes are based on short stories by renowned sf writers and adapted for TV screening.
		To create a common background for the separate stories, they are set in the futuristic city of Betaville (a nod to Jean-Luc Goddard's classic sf movie Alphaville).
	www.tv.com /welcome-to-paradox/show/966/summary.html (183 words)

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