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Topic: Simulacra and Simulation

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	simulation, simulacrum (1)
		Simulation is defined first as "the action or practice of simulating, with an intent to deceive," then as "a false assumption or display, a surface resemblance or imitation, of something," and finally as "the technique of imitating the behavior of some situation or process...by means of a suitably analogous situation or apparatus" (OED online).
		The simulation changes the way that we view a work of art or experience a sensation, disposing with an earlier hierarchy that valued the original work highest, and what we are left with is exactly what Plato condemned, a system in which the viewer and his manipulation become more important than any underlying ideas.
		The simulation in the film is reduced to the status of a ride or a contest, containing its own rules and raising the status of the videogame to deific proportions.
	humanities.uchicago.edu /faculty/mitchell/glossary2004/simulationsimulacrum.htm (1862 words)

	simulacra definition (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Simulacra - in the era of television - are copies of things that no longer have an original (or never had one to begin with).
		Simulation is no longer that of a territory, a referential being or a substance.
		Henceforth, it is the map that precedes the territory - PRECESSION OF SIMULACRA - it is the map that engenders the territory....(Baudrillard, 1994, p.
	it.stlawu.edu /~global/glossary/simulacra.def.html (201 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Simulacra and Simulation
		Simulacra and Simulation (Simulacres et Simulation in French), published in 1981, is a philosophical treatise by Jean Baudrillard.
		Simulacra and Simulation is most known for its discussion of images, signs, and how they relate to the present day.
		This simulacra of the real surpasses the real world and thus becomes hyperreal, a world that is more real than real.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Simulacra_and_Simulation (435 words)

	Simulacra - #simulacra im QNet - Onlinegaming since 2005 - CS & CS:S & WCIII & WoW
		Simulation is characterized by a precession of the model, of all models simulacra around the merest fact- the models come first, and their orbital (like the bomb) circulation constitutes the genuine magnetic field of events.
		A simulation which can go on indefinitely, since -unlike "true" power which is, or was, a structure, a strategy, a relation of force, simulacra a stake - this is nothing but the object of a social demand, and hence subject to the law of supply and demand, rather than to violence and death.
		There is a whole chapter to add to the history simulacra of transference and countertransference: that of their liquidation by simulation, of the impossible psychoanalysis because it is itself, from now on, that produces and reproduces the unconscious as its institutional substance.
	simulacra-clan.de (7627 words)

	Jean Baudrillard - SIMULACRA AND SIMULATIONS - 1998
		Henceforth, it is the map that precedes the territory — precession of simulacra — it is the map that engenders the territory and if we were to revive the fable today, it would be the territory whose shreds are slowly rotting across the map.
		Simulation is characterized by a precession of the model, of all models around the merest fact- the models come first, and their orbital (like the bomb) circulation constitutes the genuine magnetic field of events.
		A simulation which can go on indefinitely, since -unlike "true" power which is, or was, a structure, a strategy, a relation of force, a stake — this is nothing but the object of a social demand, and hence subject to the law of supply and demand, rather than to violence and death.
	www.egs.edu /faculty/baudrillard/baudrillard-simulacra-and-simulations.html (6972 words)

	Baudrillard_Simulacra and Simulations
		Henceforth, it is the map that precedes the territory - precession of simulacra - it is the map that engenders the territory and if we were to revive the fable today, it would be the territory whose shreds are slowly rotting across the map.
		A simulation which can go on indefinitely, since -unlike "true" power which is, or was, a structure, a strategy, a relation of force, a stake - this is nothing but the object of a social demand, and hence subject to the law of supply and demand, rather than to violence and death.
		There is a whole chapter to add to the history of transference and countertransference: that of their liquidation by simulation, of the impossible psychoanalysis because it is itself, from now on, that produces and reproduces the unconscious as its institutional substance.
	www.stanford.edu /dept/HPS/Baudrillard/Baudrillard_Simulacra.html (6962 words)

	intro to modernism and postmodernism
		He has written an essay "Simulacra and Simulation" which is referenced in the movie The Matrix.
		Simulation: a model of the real or the creation of the real through conceptual or "mythological" models which have no connection or origin in reality.
		Ronald Reagan becomes a simulation of politics; Britney Spears is a simulation of pop sex idol; Kurt Cobain a simulation of marginality.
	nmc.loyola.edu /intro/postmod/simulation.htm (765 words)

	The New MFN! (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Simulation is our norm and should not be confused with "representation." A representation can be used to distinguish falsehoods because by definition representations are about something else.
		In a simulation there is no reference point from which you can distinguish what is and isn't genuine because everything within a simulation is counterfeit.
		He has the simulated illusion of control devised by powerful systems that use him even in that moment to their ends.until he takes the red pill and scrambles his input/output signals so he can be located and unplugged from the matrix.
	www.matrixfans.net /symbolism/philosophy.html (2959 words)

	Jean Baudrillard - Simulations (English Translation)
		Simulation is characterised by a precession of the model, of all models around the merest fact - the models come first, and their orbital (like the bomb) circulation constitutes the genuine magnetic field of events.
		A simulation which can go on indefinitely, since - unlike "true" power which is, or was, a structure, a strategy, a relation of force, a stake - this is nothing but the object of a social demand, and hence subject to the law of supply and demand, rather than to violence and death.
		Simulation is master, and nostalgia, the phantasmal parodic rehabilitation of all lost referentials, alone remain.
	www.ee.sun.ac.za /~hgibson/docs/html/Simulacra-and-Simulation.html (18891 words)

	BAUDRILLARD, JEAN. SIMULACRA AND SIMULATION
		Baudrillard's idea of simulacra exemplifies the separation of an ideal existence and the existence apprehensible to the senses.
		The simulators are imperialistic in that they "attempt to make the real, all of the real, coincide with their models of simulation." [2] In doing so, they destroy "the sovereign difference" between the map and the territory, the simulation and the real.
		The "simulators" are the information technologies of today: "miniaturized cells, matrices, and memory banks, models of control." [2] They can produce and reproduce the "real," which now is the hyperreal, as many times as they like.
	webpages.ursinus.edu /rrichter/baudrillardone.html (862 words)

	Simulacra
		Simulacra as a theory was produced by Jean Baudrillard as a way to understand the post-modern world.
		Baudrillard claims that simulacra are reproductions of things that no longer have an original or never had one to begin with.
		Simulation is the process whereby representations of things come to replace the things being represented.
	www.colostate.edu /Depts/Speech/rccs/theory47.htm (605 words)

	reality, hyperreality (1) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A general understanding of hyperreality is important for it is an issue at the crux of several critical debates within the study of media including semiotics, objects and space, the spectacle, performativity, the examination of mass media, Platonism, resistance, and the structure of reality.
		The simulation is characterized by a blending of ‘reality’ and representation, where there is no clear indication of where the former stops and the latter begins.
		Plato presents a clear understanding of simulations in the Caves; although he concedes that any artistic reproduction of ideal forms would constitute representation, he is clear that it entails the copy of an original, true form.
	www.chicagoschoolmediatheory.net /glossary2004/realityhyperreality.htm (2149 words)

	Reference for Simulacra and Simulation - Search.com
		Simulacra and Simulation (Simulacres et Simulation in French), published in 1981, is a philosophical treatise by Jean Baudrillard.
		Simulacra and Simulation is known for discussions of images and signs, and how they relate to our contemporary society, wherein we have replaced reality and meaning with symbols and signs; what we know as reality actually is a simulation of reality.
		The simulacra to which Baudrillard refers are the signs of culture and communications media that create the reality we perceive: a world saturated with imagery, infused with communications media, sound, and commercial advertising.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Simulacra_and_Simulation (636 words)

	Simulation and Simulacra
		Jean Baudrillard, the cultural theorist and philosopher known for his work on postmodernism and poststructuralism, created a essay on simulation and simulacra that illuminats the idea of the cyborg.
		Simulation and simulacra sees everything either as a simulation or a simulacra.
		The machines are simulacra because they essentially take the place humans had as the dominant species but do not resemble the original.
	www.scholars.nus.edu.sg /cpace/cyborg/stone/Simulation.html (254 words)

	GSAPP Final Project
		It is nevertheless the map that precedes the territory Â— precession of simulacra-that engenders the territory, Â It is the real, and not the map, whose vestiges persist here and there in the deserts that are no longer those of the Empire, but ours.
		Students are encouraged to develop their sequences based on concepts of simulations from movies, such as The Matrix, Time Machine, Dark City, etc. Clips, or still images from movies such as these can inspire a re-interpretation manifested in camera movement or architecture morphing consistent with the chosen sound track.
		In this case simulation is the unknown event that progressively yields to the representation of a tactile fabric.
	www.arch.columbia.edu /gsap/29607 (322 words)

	The Book of THoTH (Leaves of Wisdom) - Simulacrum
		Simulacrum (plural: simulacra), from the Latin simulare, "to make like, to put on an appearance of", originally meaning a material object representing something (such as a cult image representing a deity, or a painted still-life of a bowl of fruit).
		Simulacra are distinguishable from the original, because they are based on an idealized form of that which was copied.
		Simulacra can be inserted into a doll representing a person to cast spells upon, to establish the binding bridge between the representation icon and the subject.
	www.book-of-thoth.com /thebook/index.php/Simulacrum (981 words)

	Evil Demons, Saviors, and Simulacra in The Matrix
		It is nevertheless the map that precedes the territory - the precession of simulacra - that engenders the territory...
		Cypher disagrees, arguing, along with Baudrillard, that there is no reality left to simulate, that the simulacra (of the Matrix) are more real than "the desert of the real,"and that there is no longer a God to distinguish between the true and the false.
		The second inaugurates the era of simulacra and of simulation, in which there is no longer a God to recognize his own, no longer a Last Judgment to separate the false from the true, the real from its artificial resurrection, as everything is already dead and resurrected in advance.
	home.comcast.net /~crapsonline/Library/matrix.html (9367 words)

	default
		Currently, in the third order of simulacrum, simulacra are more real than the original code they imitate, if in fact they imitate any at all, and the third-order simulacra is often the only existing representation.
		It is nevertheless the map that precedes the territory-the precession of simulacra- that engenders the territory...
		In Simulacra and Simulation, Jean Baudrillard wrote that "Illusion is no longer possible, because the real is no longer possible".
	www.englishscholar.com /matrix/matrix.htm (3046 words)

	100dr4 \| Women Simulation
		Baudrillard's essays on simulation portray the world in which we live as one whose power structures have become radically altered.
		In spite of all the things that separate stars from supermodels, such as the fact that models' only work is to "just be beautiful," these are two idealistic figures of feminity which have in common the fact that their beauty is the product of an extraordinary work of metamorphosis.
		We have to be warned against the temptation of the universe of simulation, where attempts to expediate life through technology result in a gradual enslavement, as in the case of women.
	sandra.oundjian.com /content/levin.htm (4984 words)

	Simulacra and Simulation - Labrys
		Baudrillard’s concept of simulation is the creation of the real through conceptual or "mythological" models which have no connection or origin in reality.
		Robert Tilton becomes a simulation of religion; Ronald Reagan a simulation of politics; and Kurt Kobain a simulation of marginality.
		Simulation and simulacra become the real so there are no stable structures on which to ground theory or politics.
	www.labrys.com.ar /article8.html (621 words)

	reality, hyperreality (1)
		A general understanding of hyperreality is important for it is an issue at the crux of several critical debates within the study of media including semiotics, objects and space, the spectacle, performativity, the examination of mass media, Platonism, resistance, and the structure of reality.
		The simulation is characterized by a blending of ‘reality’ and representation, where there is no clear indication of where the former stops and the latter begins.
		Plato presents a clear understanding of simulations in the Caves; although he concedes that any artistic reproduction of ideal forms would constitute representation, he is clear that it entails the copy of an original, true form.
	humanities.uchicago.edu /faculty/mitchell/glossary2004/realityhyperreality.htm (2149 words)

	Search: simulacra and simulation
		In Simulacra and Simulation, French social theorist Jean Baudrillard argues that
		Simulacra and Simulation (The Body, in Theory: Histories of...
		Simulacra and Simulation (The Body, in Theory: Histories of Cultural Materialism).
	www.angelfire.com /ab8/met5/search4103.html (325 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Use of term 'simulacra' can be traced back to the Old Testament: "The simulacrum is never wwhat hides the truth --it is truth that hides the fact that ther is none.
		Jean Baudrillard --one of the most influential french 'post modern thinkers'-- in 1981 published Simulacra and Simulation.
		In this work the concept of the simulacra is used to describe the effects that mass media has on reality and the representation of reality.
	www.yorku.ca /kathy/simulacra.html (167 words)

	The Map and the Territory
		It is never the less the map that proceeds the territory - pressesion of simulacra- that engenders the territory.
		Virtual reality can be a simulation of an external "territory," with also having the potential of being its own territory.
		This imaginary of representation, which simultaneously culminates in and is engulphed by the cartographer's mad project of the ideal coextensivity of map and territory, disappears in the simulation whose operation is nuclear and genetic, no longer at all specular or discursive.
	ensemble.va.com.au /enslogic/text/smn_lct06.htm (1637 words)

	Kathryn Cornelius - Warhol as Simulacra (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Jean Baudrillard’s theories of simulacra and simulation have been applied to deconstruct mass-marketed products such as Pokémon and American Girl dolls, the fantasy world of Disney, and restaurant chains such as McDonald’s and Starbucks.
		The dolls (or, commodities) serve as simulacra to this simulated model of an “American girl.” The theory of simulacra seems to be applicable to most commodities that are fundamentally detached from “the real.” As Baudrillard asserts, reality has imploded and has been replaced by a hyperreality wherein the distinctions between real and unreal are blurred.
		We will examine the 20th century American POP artist Andy Warhol as a case study to determine the applicability of the simulacra theory to a human subject.
	www.georgetown.edu /users/kac42/warhol/page1.htm (437 words)

	Jean Baudrillard (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		Symbolic Exchange and Death and the succeeding studies in Simulation and Simulacra (1994 [1981]) articulate the principle of a fundamental rupture between modern and postmodern societies and mark Baudrillard's departure from the problematic of modern social theory.
		Caught up in the universe of simulations, the "masses" are "bathed in a media massage" without messages or meaning, a mass age where classes disappear, and politics is dead, as are the grand dreams of disalienation, liberation, and revolution.
		While his work on simulation and the postmodern break from the mid-1970s into the 1980s provides a paradigmatic postmodern theory and analysis of postmodernity that has been highly influential, and that despite its exaggerations continues to be of use in interpreting present social trends, his later work is arguably of more literary interest.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/baudrillard (11507 words)

	Simulacra and Simulation: Baudrillard and THE MATRIX
		Speaking of simulating the post-modern, it’s time for a confession: the epigraph at the head of this essay is not to be found in the works of Baudrillard.
		But, armed with the modernist distinction between mere simulated philosophy and real philosophy, we ought to conclude that post-modernism is (in large part) a simulacrum, in Baudrillard’s sense: either it masks the absence of a profound reality, or else it has no relation to any reality whatever, and is its own pure simulacrum.
		Here’s the test: try to simulate an analytic philosopher, and explain what the term in question means, without resorting to (a) quotation, (b) paraphrase in terms equally obscure, or (c) non-literal language.
	whatisthematrix.warnerbros.com /rl_cmp/new_phil_hanley2.html (5192 words)

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