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Topic: Simuliidae

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	BLACK FLIES OR BUFFALO GNATS (FAMILY SIMULIIDAE)
		Members of the family, Simuliidae (Diptera) of which there are more than 1,000 known species, are small flies, 1-5 mm in length.
		Adults are typically robust with a characteristic arched or humped prothorax giving rose to the common name,"buffalo gnat".
		The family Simuliidae is worldwide in distribution, extending from the tropics to the Arctic Circle.
	entowww.tamu.edu /extension/bulletins/uc/uc-019.html (781 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> gnat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		This suborder represents the more primitive members of the Dipteran order but still contain within their number several very notable and important families such as the Chironomidae (Midges and Mosquitoes) and the Culicidae (mosquitoes).
		This suborder represents the more primitive members of the Dipteran order but still contain within their number several very notable and important families such as the Chironomidae (Midges) and the Culicidae (mosquitoes).
		Other families include the Tipulidae (crane flies), Bibionidae (hairflies), Ceratopogonidae (biting midges), Cecidomyidae (gall midges), Simuliidae (fl flies), and others.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/gnat (5932 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		The family Simuliidae has many species of medical/veterinary importance in the world, and some studies in the temperate region have suggested that the number of larval instars and the larval size can vary according to the season, gender and some environmental factors, such as temperature and diet.
		In temperate regions seasonal variations in rainfall and especially temperature greatly affect the larval biology of Simuliidae, whereas in Amazônia the major physical factor is rainfall and its effect on breeding grounds.
		The feeding of the larvae of Simulium austeni Edwards and Simulium (Wilhelmia) spp.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?oc01126 (2523 words)

	Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - Vol.99(5) August 2004
		At the beginning of the twentieth century studies on anthropophilic Diptera were numerous because of their biting nuisance and, in the case of mosquitoes, their proven role as vectors of pathogenic species of protozoal parasites.
		The first attempt at study of the Simuliidae in Guyana was made by the government Surgeon General at Georgetown, KS Wise.
		At this time the taxonomy of the Simuliidae of this region of Latin America was relatively unknown, and it was not until the finding of onchocerciasis in the Brazil-Venezuela Amazonia focus some 400km to the west of the Rupununi District that comprehensive taxonomic studies began.
	memorias.ioc.fiocruz.br /995/review995.html (1017 words)

	The Simuliidae of Brazil
		Simuliidae (blood-sucking flflies) occur throughout Brazil in all vegetation zones.
		This long-term objective aims to provide a biosystematic monograph to the Simuliidae of the country.
		Research is now entering a new phase where emphasis is being placed on the taxonomy and biogeography of Simuliidae although their importance to man and domestic stock is an underlying theme.
	www.nhm.ac.uk /research-curation/projects/simul-brazil (438 words)

	SIMULIIDAE (blackflies) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Last-instar larvae and pupae of the Simuliidae of Britain and Ireland: a key with brief ecological notes
		A perspective on anthropophily in British flflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) with keys to the identification of the culprit species
		Simuliidae may be associated with taxa listed at higher taxonomic level
	www.bioimages.org.uk /HTML/T646.HTM (71 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		During studies on the taxonomy of the Simuliidae of Brazil, a new species of Simulium was found.
		Biosystematic studies on the Simuliidae (Diptera) of the Amazonia onchocerciasis focus of Brazil.
		The Simuliidae (Diptera) of the secondary onchocerciasis focus at Minaçu in Central Brazil.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?oc04007 (2965 words)

	John McCreadie
		Spatial distribution of the waterscorpion Ranatra nigra Herrich-Schaeffer (Hemiptera: Nepidae) in the Mobile / Tensaw Delta and the temporal distribution of the associated water mite Hydrachna magniscutata Marshall (Acari: Hydrachnidae).
		Bdelloid rotifers (Rotifera: Bdelloidea) inhabiting larval flflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) and its effect on trichomycete (Zygomycota) abundance.
		Parasites of larval fl flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) and environmental factors associated with their Distributions.
	www.southalabama.edu /biology/mccreadie/mccreadieresearch.html (455 words)

	Patents and Publications
		Gaugler, R. R., and Molloy, D. Feeding inhibition in fl fly larvae (Diptera: Simuliidae) and its effects on the pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis var.
		Gaugler, R., and Molloy, D. Instar susceptibility of Simulium vittatum (Diptera: Simuliidae) to the entomogenous nematode, Neoaplectana carpocapsae.
		(Hymenostomatida: Tetrahymenidae), a ciliate parasite of the hemolymph of Simulium (Diptera: Simuliidae).
	www.nysm.nysed.gov /bio_molloy/patent_pubs (1666 words)

	Fossil Diptera cat. -- Simuliidae
		Members of the cosmopolitan family Simuliidae, most often commonly called fl flies, typically occur in association with swift moving streams.
		The oldest confirmed example of Simuliidae is a named, but undescribed species from Brazil (Vulcano, 1985).
		It is provisionally placed in this catalog in the Simuliidae pending further study and comparison with representatives of the Limoniidae.
	hbs.bishopmuseum.org /fossilcat/fosssimul.html (512 words)

	Simuliidae -- a/o cat.
		The Simuliidae form a family of small, sturdy-bodied midges with a notorious reputation in some parts of the world as bloodsucking pests.
		About 1,491 species are currently recognized; however, a large number of additional unnamed species, distinguished chromosomally, have been identified by cytologists.
		Most morphologically recognized species seem to be complexes of "sibling species" or "cytospecies," which are biologically and chromosomally distinct but anatomically very similar to each other.
	hbs.bishopmuseum.org /aocat/simuliidae.html (788 words)

	Family Simuliidae
		The simuliidae, or fl flies, comprise a cosmopolitan family of biting flies of great importance in many parts of the world as bloodsuckers and vectors of certain parasitic organisms (e.g.
		Synchronised, mass emergences frequently occur, particularly in temperate regions, and these may persist for much of the spring and early summer as successive species mature.
		For the entire Report, download all the files in the subdirectory, Primer1 in Word 6.0 format.
	lakes.chebucto.org /ZOOBENTH/BENTHOS/xvi.html (367 words)

	Directory of North American Dipterists
		Interests: Systematics of Simuliidae (especially taxonomy, cytogenetics, and ecology); reproductive behavior of Tachinidae.
		Interests: Systematics of Simuliidae; special interest in suprageneric classification, phylogeny, and fauna of the western Nearctic Region.
		Interests: Cytotaxonomy of fl flies (Simuliidae); stable fly (Muscidae) genetics; host preferences of fl flies; ELISA blood meal identification; electrophoretic characterization of salivary gland proteins of adult flflies.
	www.nadsdiptera.org /Directory/Directhome.htm (6357 words)

	Checklist: South African Blackflies (Simuliidae)
		Owing to the great uniformity of morphological features in the Simuliidae, recognised genera within the family have been split up into sub-genera and species groups (the latter are not indicated in the list produced below).
		A phylogenetic reclassification would create a large number of new genera and would lead to an increased confusion in the literature and would not be appropriate or helpful to the many workers dealing with this medically and veterinary important group of biting nematoceran flies.
		Information about the Simuliidae and their phylogenetic position can be obtained from
	www.ru.ac.za /academic/departments/zooento/Martin/simuliidae.html (189 words)

	Simuliidae Books
		Last-Instar Larvae and Pupae of the Simuliidae of Britain and Ireland : A Key with Brief Ecological Notes
		Beitrage Zur Taxonomie, Faunistik, Und Okologie Der Kriebelmucken in Mitteleuropa (Diptera, Simuliidae)
		Evolution, Phylogeny and Classification of the Family Simuliidae (Diptera)
	www.allbookstores.com /Simuliidae.html (206 words)

	Entomology at Clemson -- Faculty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-28)
		Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of northern Sweden: taxonomy, chromosomes, and bionomics.
		Diversity, distribution and larval habitats of North Swedish flflies (Diptera: Simuliidae).
		Molecular characterization of a new species of Caudosporidae (Microspora) from fl flies (Diptera: Simuliidae), with host-derived relationships of the North American caudosporids.
	entweb.clemson.edu /people/faculty/adler.htm (233 words)

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