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Topic: Sinai and Palestine Campaign

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	Centre 4 Sinai
		In brief, Palestine is considered the heart of Christianity, where Jesus was born and lived all his life, and it was from Jerusalem that he was resurrected and it was there that he preached and called people to the faith.
		In Palestine, the cities of Caesarea, Ashkelon and Gaza continued the cultural path in the Byzantine era and Greek was the language used for teaching in the schools.
		One of the most important event in the history of Palestine in the 19th century was the campaign of Ibrahim Pasha to gain Greater Syria and Palestine in 1831.
	www.centre4sinai.com.eg /Palestine.htm (4175 words)

	Brief history of Palestine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Palestine was holy to Muslims because the Prophet Muhammad had designated Jerusalem as the first qibla (the direction Muslims face when praying) and because he was believed to have ascended on a night journey to heaven from the the old city of Jerusalem (al-Aqsa Mosque today), where the Dome of the Rock was later built.
		Palestine benefited from the empires trade and from its religious significance during the first Muslim dynasty, the Umayyads of Damascus.
		Palestine shared in the glory of the Ottoman Empire during the 16th century, but declined again when the empire began to decline in the 17th century.
	www.palestinehistory.com /history.htm (3177 words)

	Sinai and Palestine Campaign - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Sinai and Palestine Campaign during the Middle Eastern Theatre of World War I was a series of battles which took place on the Sinai Peninsula, Palestine, and Syria between January 28, 1915 to October 28, 1918 was fought between the British, Australian, and New Zealander forces against the German and Turkish forces.
		The British government had hopes that the Ottoman Empire could be defeated early in the coming year with successful campaigns in Palestine and Mesopotamia but the Spring Offensive by the Germans on the Western Front delayed the expected attack on Syria for nine full months.
		The campaign has been called the Battle of Megiddo (which is the correct spelling of the name of an ancient town known in the west as Armageddon).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sinai_and_Palestine_Campaign (1943 words)

	The Islamic Cause of Palestine
		The significance of Palestine in the Islamic faith is evident by the frequent references to it in both the Qur'an and the Ahadith of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
		Palestine is the land of prophets who were sent with the message of Islam and hence should not be ruled by anyone other than those who uphold the message of Islam by implementing its laws and regulations.
		Based on Palestine's Islamic history and significance in the Islamic faith, and after the failure of all non-Islamic methods to free Palestine from Zionist occupation, the Islamic solution is re-emerging as a powerful and popular means to liberate the occupied lands.
	www.members.tripod.com /~mrm6/islamicf_palestine.htm (1729 words)

	Chapter : Encyclopedia of the Palestine Problem
		Brigadier Shadmi requested that he be empowered to impose a night curfew in the villages of the minorities in the area under his command in order to: (a) facilitate the movements of his forces, and (b) prevent the population being exposed to injury by the reserve troops.
		An extensive campaign for the release of the killers was launched as soon as it was known that they would be brought to trial.
		The Egyptian Government draws attention to the fact that Israel is callously engaged in a premeditated campaign of massacre and mass killings in the occupied Arab territories in particular and in the region in general.
	www.palestine-encyclopedia.com /EPP/Chapter10_2of3.htm (8208 words)

	Israeli-Arab Conflicts
		The number of Arabs in Palestine at the time and questions surrounding when many of the Arabs came to the land remain the subject of dispute among historians.
		Particularly brutal Arab assaults swept Palestine in 1929, of which the Hebron massacre, in which 67 Jews were murdered, is the most infamous.
		The Arab campaign along the roads was slowly strangling Jewish towns and outlying rural settlements.
	www.adl.org /israel/record/conflicts.asp (515 words)

	Palestine News : Indybay
		The Israelis appear to be engaged in a concerted campaign of ethnic cleansing in the Shiite towns and villages of southern Lebanon, and are indiscriminately bombing all buildings in the area south of the Litani River.
		With the bodies of slain children and women being dug out from under the rubble of buildings pounded by Israel in the southern village of Qana, Lebanon told US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice on Sunday, July30, she would be unwelcome in the country without an immediate ceasefire.
		Israel attacks the Egyptians (reconquering the Sinai Peninsula and Gaza), Jordan (conquering the West Bank and Jerusalem), and Syria (conquering the Golan heights).
	www.indybay.org /international/palestine (3658 words)

	Palestine-UN.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Palestine and Jordan were included in the same mandate but were treated as distinct territories.
		Among the immediate measures the committee recommends is the rescinding of the 1940 land transfer regulations and the immediate issuance of 100,000 immigration permits.
		The resolution sets forth a plan partitioning Palestine into two states, Arab and Jewish, with an economic union and with Jerusalem as a corpus separatum under an international regime to be administered by the United Nations.
	www.palestine-un.org /info/imp.html (9417 words)

	The Middle East conflict—a brief background - Global Issues
		At that time, Palestine included all of Israel and today’s Occupied Territories, of Gaza, West Bank, etc. The increasing number of Jewish people immigrating to the “Holy Land” increased tensions in the region.
		That response and his earlier studies of the Bible made him open to the argument that emigration to Palestine was the proper remedy for the surviving Jews of Europe.
		Truman’s decision to support establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine was made against the advice of most of the State Department and other foreign policy experts, who were concerned about U.S. relations with the Arabs and possible Soviet penetration of the region.
	www.globalissues.org /Geopolitics/MiddleEast/Palestine/Background.asp (3760 words)

	The 1956 Sinai Campaign
		Their interests converging, Israel, Britain and France planned an attack on Egypt, with the former seeking free navigation through international waters and an end to terrorist attacks and the latter two hoping to seize control of the Suez Canal.
		On October 29, 1956, Israel began its assault on Egyptian military positions, capturing the whole of the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula.
		The goal of the PLO, according to its founding charter, was to use violence to liberate Palestine.
	www.adl.org /ISRAEL/Record/sinai.asp (566 words)

	Timeline 1900 - 1979 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The number of Jews in Palestine was small in the early 20th century; it increased from 12,000 in 1845 to nearly 85,000 by 1914.
		After dismissing the possibility of Arab-Jewish amity, the commission went on to recommend the partition of Palestine into a Jewish state, an Arab state, and a neutral sacred-site state to be administered by Britain.
		In Palestine, Arab protests against partition erupted in violence, with attacks on Jewish settlements in retaliation to the attacks of Jews terrorist groups to Arab Towns and villages and massacres in hundred against unarmed Palestinian in there homes, that soon led to a full-scale war.
	www.palestinehistory.com /time1900.htm (3694 words)

	Wikinfo \| Third Battle of Gaza
		He had pushed his forces across the Sinai desert and constructed a railway and freshwater pipeline from the Suez Canal to support a base of operations on the southern edge of Palestine, south of Gaza.
		Murray had been an enthusiastic advocate of the offensive in Palestine; a stance that contributed to his downfall because the British War Office, who previously were unwilling to commit resources to a minor theatre of war, were now eager for results.
		The defence of Palestine was the responsibility of the Turkish Fourth Army under the command of German General von Kressenstein.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Third_Battle_of_Gaza (2443 words)

	Palestine-UN.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Jerusalem is the crux of the question of Palestine and the key to war and peace in the region.
		On 29 November 1947, the General Assembly, in exercise of its authority towards Palestine as one of the areas under the mandate system of the League of Nations, adopted resolution 181 (II), commonly referred to as the "partition plan".
		This resolution partitioned mandated Palestine into two states, one Arab and one Jewish, and Jerusalem as a corpus separatum, or an internationalized enclave in the Arab state, under the aegis of the Trusteeship Council of the United Nations.
	www.palestine-un.org /news/may97_jer.html (1420 words)

	Sinai Campaign 1956
		The Sinai Campaign temporarily ended the activities of the fedayeen; however, they were renewed a few years later by a loosely knit group of terrorist organizations that became know as the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).
		For Britain and France, who allied with Israel in the Sinai Campaign, the war was about the Suez Canal.
		Israel opted to participate in the plans against Egypt to gain favor in the sight of western nations because the small developing nation of Israel was in constant fear of being overrun by Arab nations.
	www.palestinefacts.org /pf_1948to1967_sinai_backgd.php (578 words)

	WW1 History of New Zealand (NZ)
		They fought valiantly throughout the campaign until evacuated with the rest of the Allied forces at the end of the year.
		A contingent took part in the Gallipoli campaign, and later served with distinction on the Western Front as part of the New Zealand (Maori) Pioneer Battalion.
		The total number of New Zealand troops and nurses to serve overseas in 1914-18, excluding those in British and other Dominion forces, was more than 100,000, from a population of just under a million.
	www.diggerhistory.info /pages-nz/nz-ww1-history.htm (581 words)

	Britain.tv Wikipedia - World War I
		In the British-led Battle of Arras during the 1917 campaign, the only military success was the capture of Vimy Ridge by the Canadian forces under Sir Arthur Currie and Julian Byng.
		It provided the British allies with great military advantage that had a lasting impact on the war and is considered by many historians as the founding myth of Canada.
		Further to the west in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign, initial British failures were overcome when Jerusalem was captured in December 1917, and the Egyptian Expeditionary Force, under Field Marshall Edmund Allenby, broke the Ottoman forces at the Battle of Megiddo in September 1918.
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=World_War_I (9068 words)

	Palestine Solidarity Campaign
		A Palestinian woman tried to stab a border policeman near Tul Karm, but she was stopped by his comrades before causing any injuries.
		There was also a large explosion near the settlement of Alei Sinai in Gaza last night.
		The IDF is trying to determine whether the blast was caused by a mortar shell or a rocket.
	www.palestinecampaign.org /print_article.asp?xid=n&id=616 (797 words)

	Middle Eastern theatre of World War I - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The campaign was fought in the Caucasus and eastern-Anatolia mainly in the mountains.
		The campaign was fought in Mesopotamia mainly in the Tigris River valley region of what is now Iraq and included battles on the Persian Gulf coast, Basra, numerous struggles around Kut, and Baghdad.
		At the start of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign, the Ottoman Empire launched two separate attacks (one in 1915, the other in 1916) across the Sinai with the objective of destroying or capturing the Suez Canal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Middle_Eastern_theatre_of_World_War_I (1191 words)

	Palestine - TimeLine 1900+
		1845-1914 - Jews in Palestine --------- - ----------------- The number of Jews in Palestine was small in the early 20th century; it increased from 12,000 in 1845 to nearly 85,000 by 1914.
		The mandate entrusted Great Britain with administering Palestine and with assisting the Jewish people in “reconstituting their national home in that country.” Large-scale Jewish settlement and development of extensive Zionist agricultural and industrial enterprises in Palestine began during the British mandatory period, which lasted until 1948.
		On 15-11-1988, The PNC meeting in Algiers declared the State of Palestine as outlined in the UN Partition Plan 181, and a flag for the new state is presented.
	members.tripod.com /~khaleelee/timeline.html (5648 words)

	Primer on Palestine Uprising-Full Text - MERIP
		At the time, 90 percent of the population was Arab; the Jewish community included long-time residents and new immigrants fleeing persecution in Russia and, later, other parts of Europe.
		In 1971, he led a systematic campaign to quell opposition in Gaza through massive repression, expulsions, and arrests.
		He was first elected to the Knesset in 1974 and, as defense minister in 1982, he led the Israeli invasion of Lebanon.
	www.merip.org /Palestine_Primer/primer_all_text.html (2706 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Chronicles \| From Sinai to Palestine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The border authorities oversaw the largest stretch of the road and it was no longer necessary to obtain a special permit to travel the road; car owners simply had to register their name at the Kubri precinct station.
		The village itself, which was named after the wadi in which it was located and which was noted for its many bends, had a church dating from the Byzantine era and, on a hill nearby the church, a citadel noted for its enormous gate with a 14-foot wide arch.
		But his lengthy account of the road leading through the Sinai from Cairo to the Holy City was enough to spark readers' interest.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2004/719/chrncls.htm (2956 words)

	Suez_campaign (Sinai Campaign) Mivtsa Sinai - definition - Zionism and Israel -Encyclopedia / Dictionary/Lexicon of ...
		In the summer of 1956, Israel, France and Britain colluded in a plan to reverse the nationalization of the Suez canal.
		Israel would invade the Sinai and land paratroopers near the Mitla pass.
		Israel subsequently withdrew under pressure from the UN and in particular the United States.
	www.zionism-israel.com /dic/Suez_Campaign.htm (772 words)

	Anti-Apartheid Wall Campaign: In Egypt: Palestine Solidarity and Anti-Globalization Activists Stage a Solidarity March ...
		The march was organized in agreement with resolutions passed at a major anti-war conference held in Beirut in September 2004, which called for the launch of an international movement against Israeli Apartheid, a campaign of boycotts, sanctions, and divestments to isolate Apartheid Israel, and a worldwide mobilization against the Apartheid Wall (see http://www.focusweb.org/pdf/Beirut-Communique-en.pdf).
		The Palestine solidarity march comes at a time when the Egyptian government is working, under pressure from the United States, to forge closer ties with Israel.
		The depth and persistence of the grassroots movement in solidarity with Palestine was revealed a few days after the stopping of the march to Gaza.
	stopthewall.org /worldwideactivism/833.shtml (820 words)

	National Geographic MapMachine: Student Atlas - Palestine Photo, History, Map
		Both Arabs and Jews lay claim to Palestine, an area on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea.
		In 1948 the Jewish nation of Israel was established in Palestine, displacing Arabs and setting the stage for decades of bitter and often bloody tension.
		The Sinai Peninsula, the West Bank area of Palestine, the Gaza Strip, and the Golan Heights now belonged to Israel.
	java.nationalgeographic.com /studentatlas/clickup/palestine.html (486 words)

	Ambassador Eban on Sinai Campaign
		The object of these operations is to eliminate the bases from which armed Egyptian units, under the special care and authority of Colonel Nasser, invade Israel's territory for murder, sabotage and the creation of permanent insecurities to peaceful life.
		Stretching back far behind the events of this week lies the unique and sombre story of a small people subjected throughout all the years of its national existence to a furious, implacable, comprehensive campaign of hatred and siege for which there is no parallel or precedent in the modern history of nations.
		Not for one single moment throughout the entire period of its modern national existence has Israel enjoyed the minimal physical security which the United Nations Charter confers on all member States, and which all other member-States have been able to command.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/History/ebansinai.html (4705 words)

	Palestine-Israel Timeline : Learn About : Palestinian-Israeli Conflict : AFSC
		1947 Britain requests that the U.N. deal with the question of Palestine; U.N. General Assembly Resolution 181 calls for Palestine to be divided into a Jewish state (57% of Palestine), an Arab state (43% of Palestine), and an internationally controlled corpus separatum for Bethlehem and Jerusalem.
		1968-1970 Israel begins to establish Jewish settlements in newly occupied territories; PLO adopts goal of a democratic secular state in all of Mandate Palestine; Arafat named chairman of PLO; War of Attrition between Israel and Egypt, Israel and Syria.
		1988 Jordanian disengagement from West Bank; emergence of Hamas; declaration of the State of Palestine at the Palestine National Council meeting in Algiers; Arafat condemns terrorism, accepts U.N., Security Council resolutions 242 and 338, and recognizes the State of Israel; U.S. opens direct discussions with PLO.
	www.afsc.org /israel-palestine/learn/timeline.htm (1367 words)

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