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Topic: Sinclair BASIC

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	World of Spectrum - Sinclair BASIC - Introduction
		Sinclair BASIC is a popular version of the BASIC (Beginner's All purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) programming language.
		Sinclair Extended BASIC is intended as a universal Open Source update to this language to fix the bugs, improve the editor, and resolve hardware conflicts between various versions of the ZX Spectrum.
		Having said that, Sinclair Extended BASIC is compatible with the Pentagon, SpeccyBob, Chrome and ZXGATE.
	www.worldofspectrum.org /sinclairbasic (569 words)

	Sinclair BASIC - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sinclair BASIC (taking its name from innovator Sir Clive Sinclair) is a dialect of the BASIC programming language used in the 8-bit home computers from Sinclair Research and Timex Sinclair.
		Beta BASIC, written by Dr. Andy Wright, was originally a BASIC extension, but ended up as a full-fledged interpreter.
		Sinclair Extended BASIC is an ongoing retrocomputing project aiming for an improved version of Sinclair BASIC (beta versions available as of July 2005).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sinclair_BASIC_programming_language (652 words)

	Timex Sinclair 1000 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Timex Sinclair 1000 (TS1000) was the first computer produced by Timex Sinclair, a joint-venture between Timex Corporation and Sinclair Research.
		The TS1000 was a slightly modified Sinclair ZX81 with an NTSC RF modulator instead of a UK PAL device and the onboard RAM doubled to two kilobytes.
		It was followed by an improved version, the Timex Sinclair 1500.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Timex_Sinclair_1000 (481 words)

	Bambooweb: BASIC programming language
		The original BASIC language was invented in 1964 by John Kemeny (1926–93) and Thomas Kurtz (1928–) at Dartmouth College and implemented by a team of Dartmouth students under their direction.
		As a result, knowledge of BASIC became relatively widespread for a computer language and BASIC was implemented by a number of manufacturers, and became fairly popular on newer minicomputers like the DEC PDP series and the Data General Nova.
		BASIC also had the advantage that it was fairly well known to the young designers who took an interest in microcomputers at the time as a result of Kemeny and Kurtz's earlier proselyting.
	www.bambooweb.com /articles/b/a/BASIC_programming_language.html (2945 words)

	World of Spectrum - Sinclair BASIC - The History of Sinclair BASIC
		SINCLAIR BASIC needs no introduction to enthusiasts of the little rubber-keyed machine but its evolution is stranger than you might think.
		Sinclair wanted as few changes to the ZX81 code as possible but at Nine Tiles the feeling was that software designed for a machine with 1K was inappropriate for a machine with 16K and that problems would occur later on.
		Various 'enhancements' were made to the BASIC over the years, including the extra syntax of the shadow ROM introduced with the Sinclair Interface I, and in the United States in 1983 when an attempt was made to overhaul the BASIC by Timex when it launched its TS2068.
	www.worldofspectrum.org /sinclairbasic/history.html (2549 words)

	World of Spectrum - Sinclair BASIC - Downloads
		Here you can find versions of Sinclair Extended BASIC which run on emulators or on real machines without hardware modification, software created specifically to run under Sinclair Extended BASIC, and a few other programs which are otherwise hard to find.
		Also works with the Sinclair Extended BASIC Compiler, providing you load the compiler first.
		Patched version of the game which will run under Sinclair Extended BASIC 0.80a (even in 128 mode).
	www.worldofspectrum.org /sinclairbasic/software.html (351 words)

	Micro Mart - Feature Item
		Getting to grips with BASIC meant getting your head around the business of breaking up problems into their smallest parts and tackling these one-by-one: the applications of that skill are endless.
		Sinclair BASIC was not the only version of BASIC for the Spectrum.
		This is not an extension to Sinclair BASIC in the sense that Beta BASIC was, but an actual 16K replacement which could be blown onto an EPROM chip and substituted for the original ROM in a real Spectrum.
	www.micromart.co.uk /default.aspx?contentid=0a437af8-b1f5-4ffc-a6c8-f567007946de&featureid=2072 (751 words)

	Sinclair QL; Sir Clive enters the business market.
		For Sinclair Research, the QL is a major departure from the low-end ZX computers and is the company's first attempt to enter the business market.
		Sinclair has put a great deal of effort into the development of these drives and began to deliver them in substantial quantities for the Spectrum a bit over a year ago.
		SuperBasic is a refreshing departure from previous Sinclair Basic implementations as it is very close to Microsoft Basic with the addition of several nifty turtle graphics commands and the window commands mentioned above.
	www.atarimagazines.com /creative/v10n12/63_Sinclair_QL_Sir_Clive_en.php (2742 words)

	Sinclair User 46 - The Sinclair Story
		Sinclair wanted to sell the ZX80 in the United States, although he did not expect to find an enormous market there because of the strength of the competition in the home computer field.
		Clive Sinclair was determined to keep the company to a manageable size; he was all too aware of the need to try to learn from previous mistakes.
		Sinclair also announced that he would be launching a small printer to work with the ZX81 later in the year.
	www.sincuser.f9.co.uk /046/sstory.htm (2641 words)

	Planet Sinclair: Computers: ZX Spectrum: Spectrum 16K/48K
		The hardware was designed by Richard Altwasser of Sinclair Research, while the software was written by Steve Vickers (who subsequently wrote the Spectrum manual), on contract from Nine Tiles Ltd, the authors of Sinclair BASIC.
		The rubber keyboard is present in all, although in a rather different form - for instance, with a large central space bar on the bottom row, as per a typewriter keyboard.
		These problems were an inevitable result of Sinclair's design brief, which emphasised low cost and simplicity at the expense of technological sophistication.
	www.nvg.ntnu.no /sinclair/computers/zxspectrum/spec1648.htm (1105 words)

	Timex/Sinclair ZX81
		It has a membrane type keyboard which doesn't allow you to type in BASIC keywords, instead you have to push and hold a function key while hitting a specific letter key and the BASIC keyword is printed on the screen.
		All this was sold at $79.95 for the basic unit in kit form and $99.95 fully assembled and tested when equivalent machines at that time were selling at 6 times the cost.
		Although the basic unit was sold with only 1K of RAM an optional 16K RAM module was available for $49.95.
	www.myoldcomputers.com /museum/comp/zx81.htm (567 words)

	Planet Sinclair: Computers: ZX80
		The ZX80 established the distinctive Sinclair look (unkindly compared to a block of cheese); it was the first implementation of Sinclair's legendary touch-sensitive keyboards; it also had the first implementation of Sinclair BASIC.
		By modern standards (or even those of the later Sinclair computers), it was a very primitive beast.
		It was a formula which Sinclair repeated with great success for all of his later computers.
	www.nvg.ntnu.no /sinclair/computers/zx80/zx80.htm (484 words)

	Sinclair ZX Spectrum - Clive.nl
		The Sinclair ZX Spectrum was a small home computer released in the United Kingdom in 1982 by Sinclair Research.
		The hardware designer was Richard Altwasser of Sinclair Research and the software was written by Steve Vickers (on contract from Nine Tiles Ltd, the authors of Sinclair BASIC).
		Originally dubbed the ZX82, the machine was later renamed the "Spectrum" by Sinclair to highlight the machines colour display, compared to the fl-and-white of its predecessors the ZX80 and ZX81.
	www.clive.nl /p/sinclair-zx-spectrum (667 words)

	lf277, SoftwareDevelopment: BASIC programming with Unix (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The BASIC language (Beginners All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code) was born in 1964 at the Dartmouth college in New Hampshire (USA), where it has been developed by John G. Kemeney (1926-93) and Thomas E. Kurtz (1928-).
		The Liberty BASIC is one of those having appeared in the 90's on Windows platforms and which has been rather successful because of its free availability (hence the name).
		It uses the features of the GFA BASIC found on Atari ST. It is the port of the BASIC used in the Atari ST GEM/TOS system (end of the 80's) to Unix.
	www.linuxfocus.org /English/January2003/article277.shtml (3117 words)

	Sinclair's Newsletter: Basic Training - Understanding Chronographs
		The chronograph is one of the basic "diagnostic" tools reloaders and shooters use to determine how a rifle or a particular load is working.
		Just about all of today's chronographs use the same basic technology to measure bullet speed, but some of the more expensive models have more computer enhancements built in to analyze the speed information.
		The Shooting Chrony chronographs have proven themselves to be rugged, compact units which are relatively easy to use and inexpensive to purchase.
	www.sinclairintl.com /newsletters/99b4.html (699 words)

	Sinclair User 14 - Oric
		The alternative character set can be switched on through the Basic command LORES and the normal set can be switched back using the same command.
		One extension which could be made in the language is the addition of Basic statements which would handle file input and output.
		At the moment Sinclair seems to have nothing to worry about but if Oric produces the promised peripherals in time, Sinclair could well have a fight on his hands.
	www.sincuser.f9.co.uk /014/oric.htm (813 words)

	ZX Spectrum SE Technical Information
		I thought I'd be the first to use Sinclair Extended Basic on genuine hardware but Garry Lancaster, designer of the ZX Spectrum +3e, beat me to it.
		On a TC2048, BASIC is contained in the 16K ROM area and banks 0-7 and 0'-7' are not normally available, while on a TS2068 part of the BASIC is stored in an 8K ROM in bank 0' and cartridges plugged into the dock use banks 0-7.
		Port 0xfe deals with basic I/O. As mentioned before addresses are fully decoded, so whereas on a normal Spectrum every even I/O address will address the ULA, the SE will only respond to the correct port.
	www.sinclairfaq.com /cssfaq/reference/sereference.htm (2301 words)

	damieng :: Sinclair Spectrum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Sinclair Spectrum is an 8-bit computer based on the Z80 processor, released in 1982 as the successor to the Sinclair ZX80 and ZX81.
		I was lucky enough to get hold of a few of these in my youth starting with a Spectrum 16K with 32K RAM pack in 1983 going up to an Amstrad-produced Spectrum +3 with 3" disk drive in 1987.
		Amstrad stopped producing the Spectrum in 1992 and the last Spectrum magazine, Your Sinclair, died in late 1993.
	www.damieng.com /damieng/Development/Spectrum.aspx (298 words)

	Zophar's Domain: Sinclair Spectrum/QL Emulators
		This is a Sinclair ZX Spectrum 48 and 128K emulator written for Windows 9x that utilizes DirectX.
		ZX-Emul is an emulator for Sinclair Spectrum by Lion17.
		This is a freeware Sinclair QL emulator that emulates all the original I/O of the original QL, and it can access files directly on from your HD.
	www.zophar.net /sinclair.html (1879 words)

	Sinclair ZX-80 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		After the modest but encouraging success of the MK-14 (initiation board with hexadecimal keyboard), Sinclair (at the time Sciences of Cambridge) decided to develop a slightly more advanced computer.
		The ZX-80 is regarded as a pioneer system in micro computing as at the time the only available computers were kits for hobbyists like the MK-14 or more expensive systems intended for education or research such as the
		Technically, the ZX-80 is not a revolutionary system but is rather the result of a search for economy through the choice of the components, starting with the membrane keyboard, or the RAM memory limited to 1kb.
	mysite.verizon.net /vze1re4o/sinclair_zx_80.html (217 words)

	Basic Books about Sinclairs
		However, having said that, he made several serious errors and was not at that time party to information regarding the Newport Tower that has only recently cometo light.
		But, bearing in mind these andother limitations in his reserach, his work is still a good introduction to the story - as is the more recent Sinclair Saga by Mark Finnan.
		Andrews book, The Sword and the Grail is not among his best and we certainly cannot accept his ideas regarding the venetian cannon under any circumstances.
	sinclair.quarterman.org /sinclair/books/basic.html (293 words)

	opdmicromart
		However, as with so many other products involving Sinclair Research, the precise date of availability, and the exact nature of the machine, were only apparent once you could get your hands on one.
		Inauspiciously, the OPD was finally released around the same time as the Sinclair C5, in late-84/early-85.
		Given the right copying hardware, it is possible to transfer the Basic interpreter to ROM capsule for faster loading and increased work space.
	www.sinclaircomputers.com /opdmicromart.htm (6425 words)

	atari basic language -- atari basic language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		BASIC (Sinclair ZX81, 1981), PET BASIC (Commodore PET, 1977), Atari BASIC (Atari 400/800, both 1978...
		The controller on the left was the basic model that was used originally.
		installieren polska portalde universal rohre atari basic hochschule ludwigsburg klt reinigung...
	www.eatari.com /ataribasiclanguage (3756 words)

	the Sinclair Computers Page, English version
		In 1980 there came a new star on the home-computer sky, the house of Sinclair Research.
		In about 5 jaar time Sinclair Research brouht out a range of computers which would mean a revolution
		The by Sinclair Research released computers are still used by the real fans.
	www.hobby.nl /~sinclair-gg/engels/prototypes-eng.htm (491 words)

	World of Spectrum - Sinclair BASIC - Sinclair Extended BASIC Open Source License
		The Sinclair Extended BASIC Open Source license will be published here as soon as it is finalised and checked to comply with the terms of the Open Source Initiative's Open Source Definition.
		; ------- ; License ; ------- Sinclair Extended BASIC release 0.94B version 0.17 Public Beta 4 Copyright (c) 1982-1987 Amstrad, plc.
		3) If you distribute a modified version, you must remove references to the name SE Basic from the screen and documentation and you must replace the copyright message with "(c) 1982 Amstrad" or alternatively "(c) 1982 Sinclair Research Ltd".
	www.worldofspectrum.org /sinclairbasic/license.html (296 words)

	OLD-COMPUTERS.COM : The Museum
		The Sinclair ZX Spectrum was one of the most popular European computers of the 80's.
		It is impossible to type BASIC keywords letter by letter, instead you have to use function keys.
		All the chips in the 32K bank of RAM had to have the same half of the 64K chips working.
	www.old-computers.com /museum/computer.asp?st=1&c=223 (284 words)

	CRASH 50 - Tech Niche: Utilities
		This is a vast improvement on Sinclair's weedy PLAY command though it's a bit harder to use.
		Mallard BASIC will still be important, because it's a good language supplied with every copy of CP/M; I hope to have tested the whole new system in time for next month's Tech Niche.
		The compiler and menu fit into the parts of the 128K memory which are not normally available to BASIC, leaving 42K of space on drive M and about 40K for your original BASIC and the compiled code.
	www.crashonline.org.uk /50/utils.htm (3031 words)

	Sinclair
		"Uncle" Clive Sinclair, inventor of the handheld pocket calculator, digital watch and small screen TV pioneer, founded Sinclair Research and developed the ZX80 microcomputer in March of 1979.
		It had an AY-3-8912 sound chip, cartridge port, two joystick ports, and an additional 8kB extension ROM with extra Sinclair BASIC commands to support these devices (STICK, SOUND) packaged in a hard plastic silver case with nonstandard plastic keys.
		Sam Coupe was launched in 1989 amongst much hype in the Sinclair computer mags of the day, and was seem by most to be the ideal upgrade from the ZX Spectrum.
	fms.komkon.org /comp/sys/Sinclair.html (1270 words)

	World of Spectrum - Sinclair BASIC - Sinclair BASIC Manuals
		The original Basic manual and a new updated version covering SE Basic are being prepared.
		They will be available here for download in Adobe PDF format as soon as they are completed.
		The NEW, LIST, LLIST and SCREEN$ commands will be revisited in a future release.
	www.worldofspectrum.org /sinclairbasic/manuals.html (422 words)

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