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Topic: Singapore English

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Jamaican English

Australian English

South African English

Speak Good English Movement

British and Malaysian English differences

Standard English

English language

Philippine English

American and British English differences

International English

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Singlish

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List of dialects of the English language

	Singapore hotels and accommodation for Singapore city
		Singapore is a tourist playground with a host of spectacular attractions, exotic dining and luxury hotels.
		Singapore’s Nightlife is known for where to hang out with some drinks and dance, while on the other hands the night shopping and cultural encounters.
		Singapore’s nightclubs, bars and discos are pricey, yet glitzy targeting at the young-at-heart-night hawks.
	www-singapore.com (855 words)

	Singapore English definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		Singapore English definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		Singapore English is the variety of English used in the city-state of Singapore, where it has been co-official since 1965 with Mandarin Chinese, Malay, and Tamil, having already been a regional lingua franca since the early 19th century.
		Singapore English does not pronounce r in words such as art, door, and worker.
	encarta.msn.com /dictionary_1861728232/Singapore_English.html (262 words)

	Singapore - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Singapore is a republic with a Westminster system of a unicameral parliamentary government, with the bulk of the executive powers resting in the hands of a cabinet of ministers led by a prime minister.
		Singapore was hit hard in 2001 by the global recession and the slump in the technology sector, which caused the GDP that year to contract by 2.2 percent.
		Singapore is ranked second globally in terms of containerised traffic with 21.3 million twenty-foot equivalent units handled in 2004, and retains her position as the world's busiest hub for transhipment traffic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Singapore (4371 words)

	HIGH-IMPACT Business English Training - Singapore
		Singapore is not just one island but a main island with over 60 surrounding islets.
		Singapore is the busiest port in the world with over 600 shipping lines sending super tankers, container ships and passenger liners to share the busy waters with coastal fishing vessels and wooden lighters.
		One of the world's major oil refining and distribution centres, Singapore is also a major supplier of electronic components and a leader in shipbuilding and repairing.
	www.business-english-training.com /singa.htm (362 words)

	Singlish - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In old Malaya, English was the language of the British administration whilst Malay was spoken as the lingua franca of the street.
		After Singapore's independence in 1965, and sucessive "Speak Mandarin" campaigns, a subtle language shift among the post-'65 generation became more and more pronounced as Malay idiomatic expressions were (and continue to be) displaced by idioms borrowed from Chinese languages/dialects, such as Hokkien.
		Acrolectal Singaporean English is roughly the same as formal British English, with the exception of some pronunciation differences that occur due to the influence of Singlish pronunciation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Singlish (5238 words)

	Singapore calls English teachers out of retirement \| TEFL \| EducationGuardian.co.uk
		Singapore wants retired teachers to return to school as part of a new campaign to raise English language skills
		Education officials want retired English teachers to mentor younger colleagues as part of a pilot programme called Seed-EL (Strategies for Effective and Engaged Development in English) which aims to improve language skills through reading.
		The ministry is involved in a wide-scale review of English language teaching as part of a campaign to standardise the English spoken by Singapore's linguistically diverse population.
	education.guardian.co.uk /tefl/story/0,,1837532,00.html (266 words)

	onlinefx destination guide to singapore
		Singapore, formally the Republic of Singapore (Malay: Republik Singapura; Chinese: Pinyin: Xinjiapo Gònghéguó; Tamil: is an island city-state and the smallest country in Southeast Asia.
		Singapore faces criticism for being a reduced democracy because of its dominant-party system and has attracted controversy for some of its policies.
		There are two connections from Singapore to the Malaysian state of Johor — a man-made causeway known as the Johor-Singapore Causeway to the north, crossing the Tebrau Straits, and Tuas Second Link, a bridge in the western part of Singapore that connects to Johor.
	www.onlinefx.co.uk /fx/Stores/OnlineFX/destinationguide/singapore.asp (925 words)

	A Critical Look At Singapore's Language Policy & Its Implications For English Teaching - Karen's Linguistics Issues
		The Singapore Government adopted English among the other 3 languages (Chinese, Malay and Tamil) as the official language in 1956 and started her compulsory bilingual education in 1966 at primary and 1969 at secondary level.
		Given the linguistic background of the Singapore society and the emergence of Singapore English, indigenization is essential.
		According to her, the teaching of grammatical code of Standard English in isolation, which is not encouraged in the traditional Communicative Approach, is desirable in the Singapore context.
	www3.telus.net /linguisticsissues/singapore.html (3853 words)

	Singlish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Singapore (with Penang and Malacca) was one of the Straits Settlements.
		Singapore English probably grew out of the English of the playground of these children of various linguistic backgrounds who were learning English at school.
		Singapore English uses about 11 particles, mostly borrowed from Hokkien or Cantonese, to indicate attitude to what is being said.
	www.une.edu.au /langnet/singlish.htm (2392 words)

	XpatXperience - Language in Singapore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		English however is the ‘common language’ for all Singaporeans, though some of the older generations have never learned it.
		The English pronunciation is therefore influenced by what was first learned, this influence generally becomes bigger the later in life the language is learned and the farther it is apart in sound.
		Singapore English or Singlish is the language on the street, it is not so uncommon for Singapore but it has it’s peculiarities.
	www.xpatxperience.com /singapore/language.shtml (448 words)

	About Singapore - Singapore culture & language, religion of Singapore, Singlish
		The pattern of Singapore stems from the inherent cultural diversity of the island.
		English is the most common language used and is the language which unites the different ethnic groups.
		Singapore English grew out of the English of the playground of these children of various linguistic backgrounds who were learning English at school.
	www.singaporeexpats.com /about-singapore/culture-and-language.htm (1369 words)

	Selected publications of AFG (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		For advanced users of English everywhere, a flexibility in style is needed which allows for the expression of local culture but which is sensitive to the needs of those outside the community when the writer reaches across national boundaries.
		English was developed in India as a second language for science and for career opportunities, and also as a means of promoting European cultural values.
		Their approach emphasises the non-nativeness of Singapore English, entails the analysis of varieties along the continuum in terms of their deviance from Standard English, and links linguistic features to educational level.
	www.postcolonialweb.org /singapore/contributors/antheab.html (4176 words)

	The Step-tongue: Children's English in Singapore
		Chapter 5 discusses the importance of the use of Singapore Colloquial English in the assessment and intervention of children in Singapore with language disorders.
		Besides Singapore Colloquial English, which is considered to be the Low variety of English, Gupta claims that there are other varieties of Singapore English which do not show a clear polarization on either High or Low variety.
		She feels that Singapore Colloquial English is crucial in maintaining racial harmony as well as national identity in Singapore, which is a multi-ethnic society (Chinese constitute about three quarters of the population, with large minorities of Malays, Indians and other races).
	www-writing.berkeley.edu /TESL-EJ/ej06/r7.html (3018 words)

	Tamil Diaspora - Singapore - சிங்கப்பூர்
		George Yeo, Singapore Minister for Trade and Industry, at the Opening of Tamil Internet 2000 "..In the past, we were worried that the predominance of English on the Internet might inhibit its adoption by those who were not literate in English.
		Perhaps the requirement among Singapore Tamils that their children should love the Tamil language as much as they do is having the same effect—driving them into the embrace of English, which they already learn in school, especially for the study of ‘practical’ subjects.
		After World War II, Singapore joined the Federation of Malaysia but was `ejected' from it in 1965,Singapore rejected the Malayocentric view of Malaysia, since its population was predominantly Chinese in origin; in fact all of the larger cities in Malaysia, especially the coastal ones, have Chinese majority populations.
	www.tamilnation.org /diaspora/singapore.htm (4099 words)

	Language, Society and Education in Singapore: Issues and Trends
		English, therefore, is to blame, since ``the negative strand of the [Hege lian] dialectics motivates [sic!] the English language to create a discourse that legitimizes the `institutionalization of inequality'" and so on.
		Since Singapore English has now expanded (and is constantly e xpanding) into new roles, such as the imaginative/innovative, the interpersonal, the informative, and the representative, it can no longer be relegated to a subservient role.
		The irony is that English is the only language known by all ethnic groups in the republic, so that it is the only tongue in which they might write their Singaporean identity; but in the process these very writers may disconnect themselves from their ``mother" tongues.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /~haroldfs/messeas/handouts/singpore/lgsoceds.html (2398 words)

	Singapore Drama & Theatre : General Criticism
		Singapore: Singapore University Press for Centre for Advanced Studies, National University of Singapore, 1986.
		Singapore: Singapore University Press for Centre for Advanced Studies, National University of Singapore, 1999.
		English in Southeast Asia 96: proceedings of the First 'English in Southeast Asia' Conference, 21-23 November, Singapore.
	www.lib.nus.edu.sg /bib/singlit/drama-crit.html (1183 words)

	SINGAPORE ENGLISH - Encyclopedia.com
		The English language as used in Singapore, where it is co-official with Mandarin Chinese, Malay, and Tamil.
		The English of Singapore serves as a means of uniting the country, an international medium, and a LINGUA FRANCA.
		In 1947, 31.6% of students in the colony were in English-medium schools; from 1987, English has been the sole medium of primary, secondary, and tertiary education in the republic.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1O29-SINGAPOREENGLISH.html (1110 words)

	McGraw-Hill Education - Announcement
		It briefly describes the position of New Englishes within the range of English-speaking countries around the world, before outlining the historical advent and spread of English in Singapore.
		The present-day status of Singapore English, and various analytical frameworks proposed for describing it, are examined, including the fact that Singaporeans speak English and one other language.
		The book serves as an introduction to Singapore English, as it covers all major aspects, and incorporates the results of research carried out over the last two decades.
	www.mcgraw-hill.com.sg /announcement/EnglishInSg.jsp (412 words)

	Health and Quality of Life Outcomes \| Full text \| Factor structure of the Singapore English version of the ...
		English was chosen because it is a universal language with potentially wide application in several Asian countries, including Hong Kong, the Philippines and Malaysia.
		The Singapore English versions of KINDL questionnaires were cross-culturally adapted [9] from the source Germany English versions [22] (available with permission from the developers), using standard guidelines, including independent forward and back translation and cognitive debriefing in focus groups.
		However, as English is the main language (besides mother tongue) used in all educational institutions, this is unlikely to pose a problem.
	www.hqlo.com /content/5/1/4 (3211 words)

	Singapore - Uncyclopedia, the content-free encyclopedia
		Although Singapore has been largely forgotten in the annals of world history, the city-state has seen tremendous growth in terms of international recognition; in 2004, a worldwide poll ranked Singapore as the 4th "country that no one would miss if it were completely obliterated next Tuesday", behind Bhutan.
		The main exports of Singapore include Internet, hilarious news articles, things that look like they were designed and made in Japan but really weren't due to their inferiority to said goods, and can-can dancers.
		Singapore recently was quoted by the press as being one of the swinging night life cities of the world.
	uncyclopedia.org /wiki/Singapore (4582 words)

	Singapore English: Readings
		Acquisition of English as native language, English in education & speech therapy in Singapore.
		The Singapore English speech continuum and its basilect `Singlish' as a creoloid.
		Tay, Mary W J. The phonology of educated Singapore English.
	www.scholars.nus.edu.sg /landow/post/singapore/people/language/singeb2.html (1106 words)

	Singapore:Singapore to launch speak-good-English campaign (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		SINGAPORE will launch a speak-good-English campaign as part of government moves to discourage "Singlish," the island state's unique version of the language.
		"Singlish is broken, ungrammatical English sprinkled with words and phrases from local dialects and Malay which English speakers outside Singapore have difficulties in understanding," he said.
		Singapore's 3.1 million people are 77 percent ethic Chinese, 14 percent Malay and seven percent Indian, and there is a thriving multi-racial community of about 700,000 foreign workers and professionals.
	www.singapore-window.org /sw99/90830afp.htm (246 words)

	Singapore Math
		Singapore students were in first place in the 1995, 1999 and 2003 TIMSS.
		TIMSS (Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study) is designed to measure trends in students’ mathematics and science achievement in four-year cycles.
		Singapore students who took TIMSS in 1995, 1999 and 2003 were using the Primary Mathematics series.
	www.singaporemath.com (263 words)

	Read Singapore - Books English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Singapore is collaborating for the first time with Canon Digital Video Fest ’06 in setting up a new category of “Print-to-screen”, which will allow participants to adapt the 4 selected local short stories into short films.
		This is an exciting and challenging aspect of the festival, as participants will need to present their interpretation and reflection of a short story creatively into film.
		Like all great storytellers, Ai Yu tells intriguing stories that are set in typical Singapore context and yet with thought-provoking themes that are of universal appeal.
	readsingapore.nlb.gov.sg /Books_Chinese.html (452 words)

	Singapore 1 (English) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Today Singapore is not only the busiest port in the world, but also one of the major oil refining and distribution hubs, a chief supplier of electronic components and a leader in shipbuilding and repairing.
		Singapore's safe-haven status, its political strength, economic stability and a well-regulated financial sector make it a centre for private wealth management.
		With our branch office in Singapore we want to offer you the possibility of expert financial advice in your mother tongue, even far away from home.
	www.sebprivatebank.com /cgi-bin/expat/OP1/SebLux.nsf/viewDisplayAll/0598872E47B40B6EC1256D42003B72DE?OpenDocument (258 words)

	Linguist List - Book Information
		Singapore English: A grammatical description provides a vivid account of current, contemporary Singapore English, complementing older seminal accounts of this variety.
		Clearly illustrating the particular rules of grammar that characterise Singapore English as a variety in its own right, this volume presents its evolution as a perfectly natural linguistic phenomenon which is best understood within the multiethnic and multilingual society that Singapore is and has been for the past two centuries.
		English in Singapore and Singapore English: Background and methodology 1 2.
	linguistlist.org /pubs/books/get-book.cfm?BookID=12873 (196 words)

	Singapore English: An Annotated Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A description of Singapore English intonation based on the careful analysis of a small corpus of data.
		A description of the distribution of vowels in Educated Singapore English based on the acoustic measurement of vowels found in the NIECSSE corpus.
		An early overview of the features that may contribute to the perception that the rhythm of Singapore English is different from that of British English.
	davidd.myplace.nie.edu.sg /books/singapore-english-bibliography.htm (2270 words)

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