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	Single European Act - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Single European Act (SEA) was the first major revision of the Treaty of Rome.
		The act also formally introduced the concept of the European Political Cooperation which was the forerunner of the European Union's later Common Foreign and Security Policy.
		The act was signed at Luxembourg on February 17, 1986, and at The Hague on February 28, 1986.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Single_European_Act (263 words)

	Single market - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A single market is a customs union with common policies on product regulation, and freedom of movement of all the four factors of production (goods, services, capital and labour).
		The European Union single marketprogramme was established in the late 1980s and has been under development ever since.
		It was not until the Single European Act (1986) that the final barriers to free movement of capital, labour, goods and services were removed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Single_market (434 words)

	SCADPlus: The Single European Act
		The SEA, signed in Luxembourg on 17 February 1986 by the nine Member States and on 28 February 1986 by Denmark, Italy and Greece, is the first major amendment of the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community (EEC).
		The European Parliament adopted the draft Treaty on 14 February 1984.
		The act adds three new articles (Artices130R, 130S and 130T of the EC Treaty) which permit the Community "to preserve, protect and improve the quality of the environment, to contribute towards protecting human health, and to ensure a prudent and rational utilization of natural resources".
	europa.eu /scadplus/treaties/singleact_en.htm (1786 words)

	The Institutional Terrain of the European Union
		The Single European Act modified the Treaty of Rome by adding three distinct policy domains (law relating to undertakings; common, foreign, and security policy; and environment, consumers, and health protection) and expanding EU organizational and institutional capacity in eight arenas that already existed (European Community, 1987: 1007-1094).
		The Single European Act caused the Council to reorganize its activities.
		With the exception of agriculture and fisheries, those policy domains that experienced rapid legislative increases before the Single European Act and the Treaty on European Union were all arenas in which the competencies of the EU were expanded.
	www.jeanmonnetprogram.org /papers/97/97-03.html (9984 words)

	Crotty v. An Taoiseach - www.irlii.org
		The Act has been approved by resolution of the Dáil, has been sealed by the President and all that remains is the formal act of depositing the instrument of ratification with the Government of the Italian Republic pursuant to a procedure contemplated by article 33 of the Single European Act itself.
		The plaintiff submits that the Single European Act in fact extends the scope of the objectives of the Treaty and increases the competence of its institutions thereby diminishing the sovereignity of the organs of government established by the Constitution.
		The Single European Act was an amendment to the Treaty of Rome.
	www.ucc.ie /law/irlii/cases/12036p-86.htm (11414 words)

	The Single European Union and the road toward the Treaty of the European Union (1986-1992) - The history of the ...
		The Single European Act, signed in Luxembourg and The Hague and came into force on 1 July 1987, was the first modification of the fundational treaties of the European Communities, that is to say, the Treaty of Paris in 1951 and the Treaties of Rome in 1957.
		In the institutional field, it ratifies the European Council, that is to say, the periodical meeting of Head of State and Government, as the organism where major political negotiations take place among the member States and great strategic decisions are taken.
		The Single Act included diverse initiatives to promote integration in the spheres of social rights (health and the workers' security), research and technology, and environment.
	www.historiasiglo20.org /europe/acta.htm (1118 words)

	The Single European Act
		Conclusions of the Rome European Council (14 and 15 December 1990)
		Single European Act (Luxembourg, 17 February 1986, and The Hague, 28 February 1986)
		Conclusions of the Luxembourg European Council (2 and 3 December 1985)
	www.ena.lu /europe/european-union/single-european-act.htm (576 words)

	A Concise Encyclopedia of the European Union --S--
		The European single currency is part of the wider EMU project, the central objective of the 1992 Maastricht Treaty.
		She for her part doubtless wished the EC to concentrate on the task of organising a transparent internal market and accepted that a degree of supranational control was indispensable to that end, little suspecting that the enhanced role of QMV would prove to be the thin end of a giant wedge.
		The SEA also made an attempt at addressing the growing 'democratic deficit', giving the European Parliament the right to be consulted twice over certain types of legislation (the co-operation procedure) and to veto accession treaties and Association Agreements (the assent procedure).
	www.euro-know.org /dictionary/s.html (9861 words)

	1992: Which Vision for Europe? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The European Economic Community (EEC) was formed by the Treaties of Rome, signed in 1957 by representatives from Belgium, France, West Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands.
		European "government" became a reality in 1967 with the establishment of a European Parliament, Council of Ministers, European Commission, and European Court of Justice with headquarters in Brussels.
		The European Commission is expected to tell the French to admit the Bluebird, and to fix the local content level at sixty percent.
	www.theadvocates.org /freeman/8903elli.html (4190 words)

	Single European Act
		The Single European Act (SEA) was the first major attempt made by member states to amend the arrangements made under the Treaty of Rome (1957).
		The SEA swept away restrictive practices in a range of areas of private enterprise as well as for the public sector in order to reach the target of a full single market by 1992.
		The SEA was a major effort to push the European Community in a liberalising direction that has benefited everyone in the EU by increasing competition and wealth: it was responsible for creating a genuine common market.
	www.civitas.org.uk /eufacts/FSTREAT/TR2.htm (733 words)

	[No title]
		The 1987 Single European Act gave the Commission authority to implement Council decisions; for example, the commissioners may negotiate trade agreements with non-member states on behalf of the Community.
		Single European Act and EC '92 The establishment of a customs union among the Six resulted in an expansion of trade which grew from $7 billion in 1958 to $60 billion in 1972.
		The Single European Act underlined the commitment of Community members to achieving "European Union." At a landmark summit held in Maastricht, Netherlands, in December 1991, the Heads of State and Government agreed to further amendments in the EC treaties to move the Community toward greater political union, including more unified foreign and defense policies.
	www.hawaii.edu /intlrel/Resources/gpu/European-Community.DOS (6216 words)

	PASSIA: Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs - Jerusalem
		The Single European Act of 1985 and the Maastricht Treaty of 1992 changed the Union's institutional balance, mainly in favour of Parliament and the Court of Auditors.
		European Laws, binding on all member states are formulated by the Commission, examples being the body of laws on agriculture promulgated during the 1960s.
		The Single European Act of 1987 did much to resolve this problem, by widening the areas to be settled by qualified majority voting.
	www.passia.org /seminars/95/s1-49.htm (1718 words)

	European Welfare States - Information and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Specifically the Single European Act (1887) and the Treaty of the European Union (TEU 1992) also known as the Treaty of Maastricht, and the later Amsterdam Treaty (1997) would expand into political as well as social policy.
		In 1987 the Single European Act (SEA), which entailed the creation of a Single Market, marked a significant advance as member states were interested in further deepening the economic integration.
		In fact, in the evolution of European social policy, the ECJ was critical: the Treaty of Rome contained some social policy provisions that were either not operative and merely a declaratory statement (equal pay for men and women) or subject to very different interpretations by the member states.
	www.pitt.edu /~heinisch/eu_integ2.html (2648 words)

	The Single European Act and 1992:
		The SEA intends to amend the three founding treaties of the European Communities and to link the rather loosely-knit "European Political Cooperation" (EPC) to the Community's institutional framework.
		Consequently, the SEA only purports to realize under a new flag the objectives which had already been set out in the founding treaties of 1951-57, by setting a definite date for the completion of the "internal market", i.e.
		30 SEA is nevertheless likely to generate more consistency in the EC's external economic policy on the one hand and the more comprehensive foreign policies agreed upon in the framework of the EPC on the other hand - both branches being linked by the obligation of coherence in Art.
	www.ejil.org /journal/Vol1/No1/art5-01.html (1502 words)

	FT.com / Home UK / UK - Europe's single market defies the naysayers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		It is timely to pose the question today, the 20th anniversary of the signing of the Single European Act - the treaty that opened the door to the effective creation of the single market.
		It was the Single European Act that turned the tables against those who had been resisting liberalisation.
		With the balance thus tipped, the years since the act have seen the steady advance of liberalisation: the revolutions in air transport and telecommunications are just the most spectacular examples of the benefits that have flowed from this process.
	www.ft.com /cms/s/6805b6c0-9f59-11da-ba48-0000779e2340.html (834 words)

	Euro 410 Syllabus
		For the sub-topic“Single European Act”: Begin your search in the year 1984 or 1985, and continue it not beyond 1990.
		Since institutional issues were prominent from the very beginning of the process of the Single European Act, the entire period 1984-1990’s is relevant.
		For the sub-topic“Agricultural Policy”: The priority of this item throughout the entire history of the EC and EU implies that issues of the Bulletin and Supplement from the first year of publication are sources of interest.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~gjs/euro410/singlemarket_src.html (1117 words)

	Background Note: European Community (EC)
		As three distinct European communities: On April 18, 1951, (effective July 23, 1952), when the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) Treaty was signed in Paris, and on March 25, 1957, (effective January 1, 1958), when the treaties for the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) and the European Economic Community (EEC) were signed in Rome.
		The Single European Act formally established the European Council, which had met on a regular basis since 1975.
		The concept of economic and monetary union, characterized by irrevocably fixed exchange rates, a single currency, a single monetary authority, and a common monetary and exchange rate policy, was a natural corollary to the completion of the internal market.
	dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/bgnotes/igos/ec9301.html (6060 words)

	AcademicDB - The Single European Act 1986.
		This document is part of AcademicDB, a database of over 15,000 UK university essays and coursework documents written by UK university students covering all subject areas.
		The Single European Act 1986 The main provisions of this Act-, which was agreed to by all the existing members- including the UK, were · To increase the member states to 12.
		· To develop the Exchange Rate Mechanism of the European Monetary Union (the UKdid not join until 1990) · To increase the scope of EU control into areas such as the environment and research and technology.
	www.academicdb.com /single_european_act__12718 (255 words)

	EUROPEAN UNION LEGAL SYSTEM
		Established the European Union; amended and expanded the EEC Treaty; created the co-decision procedure; created "pillars" of Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and Cooperation in the fileds of Justice and Home Affairs (JHA).
		Act concerning the election of the representatives of the European Parliament by direct universal suffrage, annexed to the Council Decision of 20 September 1976
		provides free public access to issues of the Official Journal of the European Communities (both L and C series) published in the last twenty days, the Treaties, consolidated versions of existing legislation and recent judgments by the Court of Justice.
	web.gc.cuny.edu /Eusc/euinfo/legal.htm (442 words)

	BBC NEWS \| In Depth \| Euro-glossary \| Single market
		The single market came into force in January 1993, establishing the free movement of goods, people, services and capital.
		The Single European Act, signed in 1986, finally set a deadline of 1992 for the single market to be up and running.
		In the end, the single market was launched on 1 January 1993, though some of the legislation was still not in place.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/in_depth/europe/euro-glossary/1256396.stm (243 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Politics \| 'EU plan will weigh down Britain'
		Tony Blair and fellow European leaders are due to sign the historic document in Rome on Friday.
		The UK Independence Party are meanwhile claiming the European Parliament has approved an "unlimited" budget for promoting the constitution, which it calls "brainwashing".
		That claim was denied by a European Parliament spokesman.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/uk_politics/3962455.stm (648 words)

	Single Market after 1992 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Michael Albert and James Ball, Towards European Economic recovery in the 1980s: Report to the European Parliament, Washington papers 109, Praeger Special Studies, 1984.
		European Parliament, Special rights and a charter of the rights of the citizens of the European Community and related documents, Proceedings of the Round Table, Florence, 26 to 28 October 1978, Selected documents, Luxembourg, 1979.
		Andrew Moravcsik, "Negotiating the Single European Act: National Interests and Conventional Statecraft in the European Community", International Organization, 45, Winter 1991.
	www.fredonia.edu /department/polisci/market.htm (1813 words)

	eBooks.com - Single European Market and Beyond: A Study of the Wider Implications of the Single European Act eBook
		Single European Market and Beyond: A Study of the Wider Implications of the Single European Act
		It examines the Single European Act (1986) - which set the 31st December 1992 deadline- in some detail.
		Part II examines the completion of the market in terms of the '86 Act while Part III is concerned with the deepening and widening of particular aspects of the Act.
	www.ebooks.com /cj.asp?IID=168566 (528 words)

	The Single European Act
		The SEA introduced measures aimed at achieving an internal market (for instance, harmonisation) plus institutional changes related to these (such as a generalisation of qualified majority voting and a cooperation procedure involving the European Parliament).
		It also provided legal form for European Political Cooperation (EPC).
		The SEA was signed in February 1986 and came into force on 1 July 1987.
	www.unizar.es /euroconstitucion/Treaties/Treaty_SingleEA.htm (100 words)

	LRB \| R.W. Johnson : Nerds, Rabbits and a General Lack of Testosterone (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		By 1987, when the Leaderene had won her third straight election, the Cabinet was stacked with rabbits, nerds and characters with sufficiently low testosterone levels to endure repeated handbagging.
		Crucially, when Thatcher announced that she was going to take advantage of her victory to bring in the poll tax - which no one else much believed in or liked - they simply nodded it through as the Local Government Finance Act of 1988.
		Similarly, it was under Tory Governments that Britain's contribution to the EC budget was revised and that the Single European Act and Maastricht were signed.
	www.lrb.co.uk /v21/n24/john01_.html (2705 words)

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