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Topic: Single origin hypothesis

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Single-origin hypothesis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In paleoanthropology, the single-origin hypothesis (or Out-of-Africa model) is one of two accounts of the origin of anatomically modern humans, Homo sapiens. The opponents of a single origin argue that interbreeding indeed occurred, and that the characteristics of modern humans, including those that have been and still are perceived by some to distinguish races, could only be the result of genetic contributions from several earlier lineages that evolved semi-independently in different parts of the world. This is the "multiregional hypothesis", including the hybrid-origin theory. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Single-origin_hypothesis   (1276 words)

Some Consequences of Four Incapacities The function of hypothesis is to substitute for a great series of predicates forming no unity in themselves, a single one (or small number) which involves them all, together (perhaps) with an indefinite number of others. Hypothesis may be defined as an argument which proceeds upon the assumption that a character which is known necessarily to involve a certain number of others, may be probably predicated of any object which has all the characters which this character is known to involve. The multiform argumentation of the middle ages is replaced by a single thread of inference depending often upon inconspicuous premisses. www.peirce.org /writings/p27.html   (10590 words)

Learn more about Evolution of Homo sapiens in the online encyclopedia. The origins of humanity is a subject of great political and religious controversy in the United States and certain other countries. Stephan Cunnane of the University of Toronto has proposed the aquatic ape hypothesis, where humans developed in shore regions, but evidence supporting this is sparse and it is not widely accepted. Between 400,000 years ago and the second interglacial period in the Middle Pleistocene, around 250,000 years ago, the trend in cranial expansion and the elaboration of stone tool technologies developed, providing evidence for a transition from H. www.onlineencyclopedia.org /e/ev/evolution_of_homo_sapiens_1.html   (827 words)

29 April - David Perlmutter - How Many Times Did Language Originate In order for the Single Origin Hypothesis to be true, this capacity would have to consist of the ability to learn a language and pass it on to the next generation, but not the ability to create language anew. The Single Origin Hypothesis and the Multiple Origins Hypothesis are competing hypotheses about the origin of language. In order for the Multiple Origins Hypothesis to be true, the human capacity for language would have to encompass both abilities. www.sscnet.ucla.edu /anthro/bec/papers/Perlmutter_Abstract.htm   (564 words)

pseudoPM112901.txt Single chromosome-specific DNA amplification of the duplicated region has clarified five polymorphisms to be on chromosome 3 and one (at -1202 RAGE/+2234 PBX2) to be on chromosome 6. When two sequences are aligned with a single set of alignment parameters, or when mutation parameters are estimated on the basis of a single "optimal" sequence alignment, the variability of both the alignment and the estimated parameters can be seriously underestimated. This is consistent with the origin of animals from a choanoflagellate-like ancestor. biology.fullerton.edu /courses/biol_307/web/activities/pseudoPM112901.txt   (21071 words)

SNP web source Though the single-origin hypothesis seems to be the most likely explanation of human genetic diversity, comparative study of polymorphisms will go a long way to solidify the validity of this hypothesis. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most widely distributed of polymorphisms within the human genome. For example, we already know that single base differences in the APOE gene are associated with Alzheimer's disease, and that a simple deletion within the chemokine-receptor gene CCR5 leads to resistance to HIV and AIDS. www-hto.usc.edu /cbmp/2001/SNP/importance.html   (1413 words)

Plant Chimeras Norris, Smith and Vaughn (81) claimed that "adventitious shoots [of Saintpaulia produced in vitro] are of multicellular origin", and that "all layers of leaf tissue are involved in adventitious bud formation". It may be that graft union shoots are more likely to arise from a multicellular origin, but the in vitro environment may allow such rapid cell division rates that rapid formation of homogeneous clusters of cells pre- cludes formation of chimeral meristems. One of the earliest described cases of a graft chimera was the 'Bizzaria' orange, which arose after a scion of sour orange had been grafted onto a seedling of citron late in the 17th century (112). aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu /tisscult/chimeras/chimera.html   (4082 words)

Gans - Origin of Language The originary hypothesis is an attempt to come to grips with the most salient truth about human language: that language as we know it, the language of the sign rather than the signal, represents not a gradual development of animal communication but a radical break from it. What makes the origin of language of particular interest to us is that the generation of the vertical signification of language from the horizontal, appetitive relationships of the real world may be described in terms of the Girardian triangle of mimetic desire. The origin of the sign is the origin of a new symbolic consciousness, and this consciousness, even in its most rudimentary form, could not have emerged unconciously. www.anthropoetics.ucla.edu /ap0501/gans.htm   (5735 words)

CDC - Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus: Origin Hypothesis My hypothesis, which explains the origin and evolution of the two distinct PRRSV genotypes, is that a mutant of a closely related arterivirus of mice (lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus) infected wild boars in central Europe. The single neutralization epitope located in the middle of GP5 ectodomain (Figure 1) is flanked in the common LDV isolates, represented by LDV-P (10), by two N-glycans that impair the immunogenicity of the epitope and render the viruses completely resistant to in vivo Ab neutralization (18,19). However, the origin of PRRSV is still a mystery, especially since the European and North American PRRSV isolates cause similar clinical symptoms but represent two distinct viral genotypes whose genomes diverge by approximately 40% (7). www.cdc.gov /ncidod/EID/vol9no8/03-0232.htm   (3960 words)

Origin of the Moon (Cameron) BENZ, W., W. The origin of the Moon and the single impact hypothesis I. Icarus 66, 515-535. STEVENSON, D. Origin of the Moon: The collision hypothesis. The formation of a single lunar body requires that the many smaller bodies that might form out of the disk should decrease outward in mass, a condition that is contrary to their natural tendency unless the surface density of mass in the disk very steeply decreases outward. www.xtec.es /recursos/astronom/moon/camerone.htm   (4130 words)

Neanderthal - Wikipedia The consensus has been, based on ongoing DNA research, that they were a separate branch of the genus Homo, and that modern humans are not descended from them (fitting with the single-origin hypothesis). Some recent genetic research has pointed toward the possibility that the gene responsible for red-hair[?] and freckles in modern Europeans had Neanderthal origins (at least partially indicating support for a multiregion origin). In addition to the genetic research, the shapes of the Neanderthal and modern human skulls are significantly different, in ways that make it unlikely that Homo sapiens is descended from Neanderthals. wikipedia.findthelinks.com /ne/Neanderthal.html   (870 words)

Darwin-L Message Log 7: 31-65 (March 1994) In short, the single origin scenario envisions divergence between species in a single, restricted geographic region. The original point was that structuralist analysis is not what the social evolutionists used, implicitly or explicitly, to construct data and theory. Of course Saussure's proposal wasn't made in an intellectual vaccum: the regularity hypothesis for sound change (the idea that if sound x changes to y in context A in one word, x will change to y in context A in all other words) is also, in an important sense, structural. rjohara.net /darwin/logs/1994/9403a.html   (7651 words)

Molecular Evidence on the Origin and Evolution of Glutinous Rice -- Olsen and Purugganan 162 (2): 941 -- Genetics strongly supports the single-origin hypothesis for the glutinous infer a single origin of the glutinous phenotype and the geographical , L., 1976  The origin, spread and persistence of glutinous rice as a staple crop in mainland Southeast Asia. www.genetics.org /cgi/content/full/162/2/941   (4230 words)

Linguistics 201: The Origin of Language This theory holds that one original language spoken by a single group of Homo sapiens perhaps as early as 150 thousand years ago gave rise to all human languages spoken on the Earth today. As humans colonized various continents, this original mother tongue diverged through time to form the numerous languages spoken today.  Since many scientists believe that the first fully modern humans appeared in Africa, the mother tongue theory is connected with a more general theory of human origin known as the Out of Africa theory. None of the invention hypotheses I will mention is convincing and most sane linguists agree that the origin of language is still a mystery.  But the inventive, sarcastic names given these hypotheses by their critics prove that even linguists can at times be creative. pandora.cii.wwu.edu /vajda/ling201/test1materials/origin_of_language.htm   (1756 words)

The Origin of the Moon Two PSI senior scientists, Dr. William K. Hartmann and Dr. Donald R. Davis, were the first to suggest the leading modern hypothesis of the moon's origin, in a paper published in 1975 in the journal Icarus. In the 1990's, Dr. Robin Canup wrote a Ph.D. dissertation on the moon's origin and the giant impact hypothesis, which produced new modeling of the aggregation of the debris into moonlets, and eventually, into the moon itself. Thus, the giant impact hypothesis continues to be the leading hypothesis on how the moon formed. www.psi.edu /projects/moon/moon.html   (1158 words)

Population genetics—making sense out of sequence - Nature Genetics The single−origin hypothesis and the global explosion of the human population over the last few centuries go some way to explaining why most rare alleles appear to have geographic specificity. Provine, W.B. The Origins of Theoretical Population Genetics (The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1971). Thus, the distance between two polymorphisms is not the only arbiter of linkage disequilibrium between them; their times of origin, on average reflecting their relative frequencies, are also important. www.nature.com /ng/journal/v21/n1s/full/ng0199supp_56.html   (5041 words)

H The weight of this evidence suggests that it may be premature to accept the relevance hypothesis as a reasonable model of the psychological processes used in working out conversational inferences'. Although, incredibly, Derrida appears not to have known Burke's work, deconstruction's enfranchising hypothesis that rhetorical analysis can be used on nonliterary texts and on the conventions of social life itself is the pivotal insight of Burkean dramatism. The one seeks to decipher, dreams of deciphering a truth or an origin which escapes play and the order of the sign, and which lives the necessity of interpretation as an exile. www.sil.org /~radneyr/humanities/H.htm   (3962 words)

Site-Specific DNA Binding of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Origin Recognition Complex Is Determined by the Orc4 Subunit -- Kong and DePamphilis 21 (23): 8095 -- Molecular and Cellular Biology In vitro, purified ORC-5 complex did not bind to replication origins in the absence of purified Orc4p, but in vivo, Orc4p and ORC-5 may exist as a single protein complex that binds to newly replicated origins in a single step. The fission yeast origin recognition complex is constitutively associated with chromatin and is differentially modified through the cell cycle J. Cell Sci. The Xenopus origin recognition complex is essential for DNA replication and MCM binding to chromatin. mcb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/21/23/8095   (6153 words)

RACE FACTS AND INFORMATION A leading hypothesis for the selection of lighter skin in higher latitudes is that it enables the body to form greater amounts of vitamin D, which helps prevent rickets (Jablonski 2004). Until the 2000 census, Latinos were required to identify with a single race despite the long history of mixing in Latin America; partly as a result of the confusion generated by the distinction, 42% of Latino respondents in the 2000 census ignored the specified racial categories and checked "some other race" (Mays et al. The ultimate origin of the word is unknown; suggestions include Arabic ''ra'is'' meaning "head", but also "beginning" or "origin". www.flowergods.com /race   (14439 words)

Origins of Life Links New theories concerning the origins of life such as cometary sources of organics, the possible role of marine hydrothermal systems on the chemistry of the primitive earth and the postulate of the RNA world have brought many new scientists to the field of origins of life. "Although Charles Darwin speculated that life originated in a warm, nourishing broth, new evidence suggests that the cradle of life could have been... "Cosmic Ancestry is a new theory of evolution and the origin of life on Earth. www.resa.net /nasa/links_origins_life.htm   (3735 words)

313 Exams Fall 1996 B. Describe two studies with laboratory rats (one morphometric and one behavioral) on which this hypothesis is based. C. According to the mutation accumulation hypothesis, how should the mean longevity of laboratory animals change if a population is propagated selectively by offspring from either young or old individuals? A. State the organizational hypothesis for hormonal effects on mammalian brain development. www.zo.utexas.edu /courses/kalthoff/bio346/exams346Fa96.html   (2421 words)

HMS Invincible (R05) It was originally recorded in the old FFRR standard, and for its time has quite sumptuous mono sound, although some might find the voices placed a bit too much to the fore. Most mannerisms of the stage originated in pur... Yet, the language was so stylized that, even when heard, understanding the words was tedious and exasperating. www.freeglossary.com /HMS_Invincible_(R05)   (474 words)

Eukaryotes The origin of the eukaryotes must have appeared before because the fossil is of a relative complex single-celled organism. The origins of endoplasmic reticulum, golgi, nuclear membranes, chromosomes and mitosis are not known. Following the loss of a cell wall and the apearance of the cytoskeleton, there are two different stories to tell about the origin of eukaryotes, one for the origin of organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, and another for the origin of the of other parts of the cell. www.gwu.edu /~darwin/BiSc151/Eukaryotes/Eukaryotes.html   (1609 words)

Molecular phylogenetic evidence for the independent evolutionary origin of an arthropod compound eye -- Oakley and Cunningham, 10.1073/pnas.032483599 -- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences The y axis represents the difference between the ln likelihood of the compound eye homology hypothesis (five nodes basal to myodocopids fixed with compound eyes present) and the ln likelihood of an independent origin hypothesis (same five nodes fixed to absence). the independent origin hypothesis was no longer supported. The number of times eyes originated during evolution is often debated, including within anthropods (1-3). www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/032483599v1   (2982 words)

Site Contents at the free Online Encyclopedia. In a household, clothes hangers are the single one item that you own the most of, yet no one can name even one brand? www.onlineencyclopedia.org /index_294.html   (108 words)

MSAGA: THE HUMAN RACE:  Single-origin hypothesis        SOURCE: Single-origin hypothesis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Out-of-Africa model) is one of two accounts of the origin of anatomically modern www.hi.is /~joner/eaps/out-afr.htm   (189 words)

John Hover - Thesis Section 1 The second theory is the single-source or Out-of-Africa hypothesis, also called the replacement hypothesis, which states that anatomically modern humans originated in one locale and subsequently displaced, i.e., replaced, archaic H. The first is known as the multi­regional evolution hypothesis, and is also known as the phyletic theory. The chief proponents of the modern version of this theory have been Milford Wolpoff of the University of Michigan and Alan Thorne of the Australian National University (e.g., Wolpoff 1989, 1992; Thorne and Wolpoff 1992). www.sinc.sunysb.edu /Stu/jhover/thesis/section1.htm   (1002 words)

2. Canid Genetics This result suggests that all dog mtDNA haplotypes did not arise from a single divergence event (i.e., are not monophyletic), thereby rejecting the “single origin” hypothesis. However, a single gene tree may not represent the true genetic affinities of the organisms involved (dog breeds, wolf subspecies, etc.). This review is intended to summarize the work of Wayne and his colleagues in trying to determine the phylogenetic relatedness of species within the Family Canidae, as well as the origin of the domestic dog and its relatedness to the gray wolf, Canis lupus. www.fiu.edu /~milesk/Genetics.htm   (2775 words)

Out of Africa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the novel and the film; for the African-origin theory of human evolution sometimes referred to as the "Out of Africa" theory, see single-origin hypothesis. The film opens in Denmark as a dying Karen Blixen (Streep) remembers the years she spent in Africa between 1913 and 1931. The film was adapted by Kurt Luedtke, directed by Sydney Pollack, and starred Meryl Streep, Robert Redford, Klaus Maria Brandauer, and Michael Kitchen. www.voyager.in /Out_of_Africa   (665 words)

Molecular Analysis of 29 Pyruvate Kinase-Deficient Patients From Central Europe With Hereditary Hemolytic Anemia -- Lenzner et al. 89 (5): 1793 -- Blood A Western/Northern European origin of the G1529A mutation is also confirmed by the data from Baronciani and Beutler. The G1529A mutation is much more frequent among the patients of German and English origin (14 of 18 patients are affected homozygously or heterozygously) than among patients from Czechia/Slovakia (1 homozygote among 11 PKD patients). Twenty-nine unrelated patients with hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia of German, English, Czech, and Slovak origin were investigated. www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/89/5/1793   (3854 words)

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