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Topic: Single transferable vote

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	Single Transferable Vote - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		STV initially allocates an individual's vote to their most preferred candidate, and then subsequently transfers unneeded or unused votes after candidates are either elected or eliminated, according to the voter's stated preferences.
		As of 2006, STV is used for elections in Australia, the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland (except elections to the British House of Commons) and Malta.
		Another issue commonly considered with STV elections is the size of the voting districts in terms of the number of candidates elected and, to a lesser extent, the total size of the body being elected.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Single_Transferable_Vote (5666 words)

	Single Transferable Vote
		Single Transferable Vote or STV is a voting system designed to accurately achieve proportional representation in multi-candidate elections.
		Single transferable vote is used, among other places, for all elections in the Republic of Ireland [1] (http://www.rte.ie/news/dailguide/prsystem.html) and to elect the Australian senate [2] (http://www.eca.gov.au/systems/proportional/proportion_rep.htm) and the City Council in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
		Her votes are reallocated in proportion to her second preferences (which votes are chosen may be decided by random selection), and 8 of the reallocated votes are for Carter, 3 for Brad.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/pr/PR.STV.html (645 words)

	Single non-transferable vote - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The single non-transferable vote or SNTV is an electoral system used in multi-member constituency elections.
		If they field too many, their supporters votes might be split across too many candidates, evenly diluting their share to the point where they all lose to a slightly less diluted opposing party.
		With the Democratic Progressive Party, vote sharing is done informally, as members of a family or small group will coordinate their votes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Single_non-transferable_vote (966 words)

	ALTERNATIVE VOTING SYSTEMS
		STV is nonmonotonic, which means that a candidate can be hurt when raised in the rankings of some voters, and additional-member systems may make it advantageous for parties to throw elections in districts without a strategyproofness constraint, whose satisfaction impedes proportional representation.
		Although STV is known to violate a number of properties of voting systems discussed in the literature on social choice theory (Kelly, l987), it has a number of strengths as a system of proportional representation.
		A rational voter will vote for a second choice if his or her first choice appears to be a long shot--as indicated, for example, by the polls--but the voter's calculus and its effects on outcomes is not yet well understood for either approval voting or the other procedures discussed herein (Nurmi, l987; Merrill, l988).
	bcn.boulder.co.us /government/approvalvote/altvote.html (6123 words)

	Instant-runoff voting - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In an IRV election, if no candidate receives an overall majority of first preferences the candidates with fewest votes are eliminated one by one, and their votes transferred according to their second and third preferences (and so on), until one candidate achieves a majority.
		It is known as instant-runoff voting in the United States primarily because of its resemblance to runoff voting, which is also used in that country.
		The contingent vote is the same as IRV except that all but the two candidates with most votes are eliminated after the first round; the count therefore has only two rounds.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Instant_Runoff_Voting (3816 words)

	ipedia.com: Single Transferable Vote Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Single transferable vote is used, among other places, for all elections in the Republic of Ireland [1] and Malta [1], local and European elections in Northern Ireland, and to elect the Australian Senate [1].
		In the United States, STV enjoyed some popularity in the first half of the 20th Century, but today the only official governing bodies that use STV to elect representatives are the City Council and School Committee of Cambridge, Massachusetts.
		STV was used for provincial elections in the province of Alberta, Canada from 1926 to 1955.
	www.ipedia.com /single_transferable_vote.html (1219 words)

	Single Transferable Vote (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		STV uses multi-member districts, with voters ranking candidates in order of preference on the ballot paper in the same manner as the Alternative Vote (see Alternative Vote).
		After the total number of first-preference votes are counted, the count then begins by establishing the "quota" of votes required for the election of a single candidate.
		If a candidate had 100 votes, for example, and their surplus was ten votes, then each ballot paper would be redistributed at the value of 1/10th of a vote.
	www.aceproject.org /main/english/es/esf04.htm (381 words)

	Single transferable vote - Electowiki
		The Single Transferable Vote, or STV, is a preference voting system designed to minimise wasted votes in multi-candidate elections while ensuring that votes are explicitly for candidates rather than party lists.
		These votes may be for minor candidates that were not eliminated, or elected candidates' surplus votes that did not get redistributed.
		Advocates of STV argue that the apparent disproportionality in STV is indicative of poor support for the party's candidates in second and third preferences.
	wiki.electorama.com /wiki/Single_transferable_vote (1462 words)

	CBC - British Columbia Votes 2005 - Features -
		To win a seat, a candidate would have to attract a minimum number of votes – called an Electoral Quota – which is based on the number of votes cast and the number of candidates to be elected from a riding.
		All of the votes for that person are distributed to the #2 preference on each ballot.
		That means 75 per cent of the people in the district did not vote for this candidate, but he or she was elected anyway because the opposition was divided among other candidates.
	www.cbc.ca /bcvotes2005/features/stv.html (525 words)

	Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform - single transferable vote (STV)
		Single transferable vote (STV) systems are one of two families of proportional representation.
		Proportional representation by the single transferable vote method is based on the idea that the range of opinion in the community should be mirrored in the composition of the representative assembly.
		This threshold is set by the quota of votes needed for representation and can vary widely depending on the particular STV system to be used; see Droop quota.
	www.citizensassembly.bc.ca /public/learning_resources/glossary/2003/csharman-10_0312241131-047 (216 words)

	Electoral Reform Society
		If the voter's first choice candidate does not need their vote, either because he or she is elected without it, or because he or she has too few votes to be elected, then the vote is transferred to the voter's second choice candidate, and so on.
		STV does more than other systems to guarantee that everyone gets their views represented in parliament and that they have a say in what is done by their elected representatives.
		All the votes are counted and each party receives seats in the constituency in the same proportion as the votes it won in that constituency.
	www.electoral-reform.org.uk /votingsystems/systems3.htm (1347 words)

	Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform - BC-STV and the single transferable vote
		During the counting of an STV election, a candidate may receive more than the minimum number of votes required to win a seat in that district.
		The excess votes are known as "surplus votes".
		To ensure that everyone's votes count toward electing a candidate, there are a variety of ways to transfer of these surplus votes in a fair and repeatable method.
	www.citizensassembly.bc.ca /public/extra/stv_resources.xml (710 words)

	BCCLA supports Single Transferable Vote
		A "No" vote is a vote in support of the status quo.
		STV provides voters with a broader range of viable political platforms and ideas for which to cast their votes.
		Responding to opponents of the STV system who claim that STV is too complicated for the average voter to understand, Jason Gratl says, "Every voter should just take five, maybe ten minutes to wrap his or her head around STV, and decide for themselves whether the system is too convoluted.
	www.bccla.org /pressreleases/05stv.htm (316 words)

	STV for BC - Vote Yes! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A final factor was that, undeniably, some of the people who argued and voted against STV did so not because they preferred the current system to STV but because they wanted to have a chance to vote for a third system, the Mixed Member Proportional system, which was the second choice of the Citizen's Assembly.
		One of the reasons the Citizen's Assembly did not choose STV was that they were constrained by their mandate to not increase the number of MLA's elected in B.C., an arbitrary and unnecessary restriction.
		With the vast majority of the votes counted, the 'Yes' vote is sitting at 57.38%, 2.62% or about 40,000 votes short of the required 60%.
	www.stvforbcvoteyes.blogspot.com (2994 words)

	Single Transferable Vote in B.C.
		I became opposed to STV but believe that the info gathered here may be of value to anyone wanting to understand the options to be voted on in 2008.
		STV would seriously damage the system of local representation that is at the heart of the parliamentary system.
		A party's candidates may sometimes win enough votes to expect two seats but fail to get them because too many votes go to one candidate and the second is eliminated before those votes can be transferred, or finishes as runner-up when the first candidate has votes to spare.
	community.netidea.com /ccbc/singletransferablevote.htm (7485 words)

	Single Non-Transferable Vote (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Under the Single Non-Transferable Vote (SNTV), each elector has one vote, but there are multiple seats in each district to be filled.
		This means that in, for example, a four-member district, one would need just over twenty percent of the vote to ensure election.
		Conversely, a large party with seventy-five percent of the vote spread equally among three candidates is likely to take three of the four seats.
	www.aceproject.org /main/english/es/ese03 (136 words)

	Single Transferable Vote
		When half of all ballots are in 1 candidate's box, she wins a single-seat STV election.
		Sorting and counting ballots for STV was hard, but free software now makes an STV tally easy for any group.
		The next page graphically shows how an STV tally works to protect the majority's right to a majority of seats; the page after that shows minority rights protected.
	accuratedemocracy.com /d_stv.htm (687 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Single Transferable Vote 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This sequence of pages shows how the results might turn out in a fictional election, using a very simplified version of the STV rules to be used on June 25.
		The quota being (in a six member seat) the fewest votes a candidate needs to be certain of being in the top six.
		This is calculated by dividing the number of votes cast by seven, then adding a vote.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/static/events/northern_ireland/stv (102 words)

	Single Transferable Vote (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		If no candidate receives more than half of the votes, the ballots that were cast for the LAST-place candidate are re-assigned to their second choices, and that candidate is eliminated from the list of possible winners.
		In this case, Boston Cream came through with 12 first-choice votes, enough to capture the majority on the first assignment of votes so no transfers were needed.
		We didn't explore the entire outcome with transfers (assuming Boston Cream had only 11 on the first run through the ballots), but it might not have been the winner in the end.
	www.miquon.org /Lynn/votes_stv.html (277 words)

	Single Transferable Vote : STV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Note: this isn't a realistic example - elections with a small number of votes often have special rules - for example, Irish Senate elections are conducted using thousandths of votes.
		A vote is wasted if it doesn't elect anyone; it is partially wasted if it elects someone who gets more votes than is necessary to be elected.
		I see how, if God had not given me something here"--she Madame Cournal, and far worse, far worse than she.
	www.explainthat.info /st/stv.html (874 words)

	Welcome to the Richmond News - Opinion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The counting of the votes, he says, is simple because "you count first preferences and see if you have a winner." The candidate at the bottom of the list is dropped from the race.
		Once an initial winner is declared, the second choices of voters who backed that winning candidate are transferred to the remaining candidates, using a formula by dividing the winner's surplus votes by the winner's total votes.
		The notion of "wasted votes" needs examination, because I've never heard a voter who was on the winning side of an election suggest their vote was wasted.
	www.richmond-news.com /issues05/022205/opinion/022205op2.html (624 words)

	The Report of the Independent Commission on the Voting System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Supplementary Vote is similar in method and purpose to the Alternative Vote, the key difference being that, under SV, voters are limited to indicating a first and second preference.
		As with the Alternative Vote the main objective of the Second Ballot system is to increase the chances of a candidate being elected on an absolute majority of the vote.
		The surplus votes of candidates elected on the first count and the votes of those with fewest votes after subsequent counts are distributed on the basis of preferences to the remaining candidates until sufficient candidates reach the quota and are, as a result, elected.
	www.archive.official-documents.co.uk /document/cm40/4090/glossary.htm (584 words)

	Single Transferable Vote hand count (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		There are various ways of doing Single Transferable Vote.
		If the ballots are stacked, then flip a coin to determine whether or not to turn the stack over before beginning to draw from it.
		Though this random step really bothers some people, this stv count method is still incomparably better than no PR, and it gives both of us (in the above example) an equal chance of helping our 2nd choice.
	www.barnsdle.demon.co.uk /vote/minSTV.html (421 words)

	IRV Fairer
		Most U.S. elections are held under plurality voting rules in which the candidate with the most votes wins.
		Voters have every incentive to vote for their favorite candidate rather than the "lesser of two evils" because their ballot can still count toward a winner if their first choice loses.
		Bill Clinton ends up with 52 percent of the overall vote, a clear majority, and is declared the winner.
	www.fairvote.org /irv/a_fairer_way.htm (530 words)

	Radical Centrism: Reengineer Legislature
		Our voting system -- where every citizen casts one vote per office, and the candidates with the most votes wins -- is called plurality voting It means someone can win without majority support if there are more than two parties.
		Surplus votes for those candidates are fractionally reallocated to those voters second-choice, and the process repeats until all the seats are filled.
		STV sacrifices a rigid proportionality for the flexibility of voting for individual candidates, rather than just parties.
	radicalcentrism.com /reengineer_legislature.html (2122 words)

	Home - Yes for BC-STV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In nearly every riding, an overwhelming number of voters have supported changing BC's electoral system to the Single Transferable Vote as recommended by the Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform.
		While we promise to give back some of your weekends and evenings, you are still invited to join us in ensuring that our newly elected MLAs and government respect the democratic will of British Columbians, who voted 57.4% in favour, and which succeeded in passing it in 97% of the ridings.
		"Support for STV is much stronger than support for any one political party, and certainly more than the support for the new government, which was elected with only 46%" say Bruce Hallsor and Julian West, co-chairs of the Yes Campaign.
	www.stvforbc.com (433 words)

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