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	Sinicization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Linguistically the term is used narrowly to refer to transliteration.
		Some social scientists object to the use of the term because they claim that this term obscures the fact that sinicization is merely one form of assimilation and using a special term implies a special process.
		Also, the argument in the Republic of China on Taiwan between supporters of Chinese reunification and supporters of Taiwan independence is considered a matter of sinicization.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sinicization (279 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The primary purpose of this paper is to examine the presence of eunuchs and the extent of sinicization in these non-Han dynasties, in the context of the general history of eunuchs in traditional China.
		Assimilation or sinicization is a central theme in Chinese history, as observed in the interplay of Han and non-Han forces when an ethnic minority conquered the mature Chinese empire with an established dynastic system and entrenched cultural ideology, Confucianism.
		Given the presence of Liao and Jin influence and sinicization in the Han script, bureaucracy, reign titles, and harem politics, it is reasonable to assume that eunuchs were employed, with none among them overstepping menial duties and causing enough of a scandal to be entered in the history records.
	mcel.pacificu.edu /aspac/scholars/Jay/jay.htm (4424 words)

	Sinicization: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In the politics of Taiwan, both terms have a specific meaning which means increasing cultural and economic ties with Mainland China or decreasing them, and both terms been used more commonly after 2001.
		After the 1990s, there is a general consensus on Taiwan in favor of the current political status of Taiwan (without specifying what that status is) and there is also a general political consensus in favor of the Taiwanese localization movement which involves emphasizing local culture and language such as the Taiwanese language.
		The argument on Taiwan as of 2003 between supporters of Chinese reunification and supporters of Taiwan independence is over sinicization and desinicization.
	www.encyclopedian.com /si/Sinicize.html (329 words)

	Sinicization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Sinicization, or less commonly Sinification, is to make things Chinese.
		While used to mean transliteration, it refers in general to the process of becoming Chinese or not Chinese (desinicization).
		Another meaning is the process by which other peoples like the Koreans and the Japanese are influenced by Chinese culture and working practices.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Sinicize (298 words)

	Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Xiaowen implemented a drastic policy of sinicization, intending to centralize the government and make the multi-ethnic state more easy to govern.
		While the capital was moved to Luoyang, the military elite remained centered at the old capital, widening the differences between the administration and the military.
		The population at the old capital remained fiercely conservative, while the population at Luoyang were much more eager to adopt Xiaowen's policies of sinicization.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Emperor_Xiaowen_of_Northern_Wei_China (294 words)

	Sinicization: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Sinicization, or less commonly Sinification, is to make things Chinese (Chinese: Any of the Sino-Tibetan languages spoken in China; regarded as dialects of a single language (even though they are mutually unintelligible) because they share an ideographic writing system).
		Some social scientists object to the use of the term because they claim that this term obscures the fact that sinicization is merely one form of assimilation (assimilation: The social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another) and using a special term implies a special process.
		That is, emphasizing local culture and language (language: A systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/sinicization (463 words)

	Sinicization vs. Manchuness
		The dominant theory from the 1950s onwards was the sinicization school, which argued that Manchus maintained their position by sponsoring neo-Confucian norms of government, which won them the support of the wealthy, lettered Han elite essential for their political survival.
		The sinicization school’s huge influence was attributable to the solid foundation laid by Mary Wright.
		“In Defense of Sinicization: A Rebuttal of Evelyn Rawski’s ‘Reenvisioning the Qing’,”
	orpheus.ucsd.edu /chinesehistory/pgp/xiaoweiqingessay.htm (3019 words)

	iqexpand.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Sinicization Sinicization, or less commonly Sinification, is to make things Chinese.
		During this period the process of sinicization accelerated among the non-Chinese arrivals in the north and among the aboriginal tribesmen in the south.
		One result of Sinicization, however, was the creation of a Confucian bureaucratic, family, and social structure that gave the Vietnamese the strength to resist Chinese political...
	sinicization.iqexpand.com (554 words)

	Sinicization and Its Discontents - Shorenstein Reports - Institute of East Asian Studies, UC Berkeley
		In Taiwan, the ideology is contrasted with evidence of the actual historical processes of sinicization of plains Aborigines through intermarriage with Han immigrants to debate the Chinese-ness of Taiwan.
		Brown argued that accepting the ideology of sinicization has led both sides of the Taiwan Strait to accept this cultural debate as synonymous with the political question of Taiwan's future.
		Brown said her study reminds anthropologists that intermarriage, migrations, opportunistic manipulations of identity, and cultural hegemony are not modern developments; these processes have shaped China for more than two thousand years.
	ieas.berkeley.edu /shorenstein/1997.02.html (1449 words)

	Asia Finest Discussion Forum > History of Sinicization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Jan 18 2006, 01:48 PM we should sinicize the russians...the girls, i mean.
		Jan 18 2006, 02:10 PM ^we should not overlook the baltic nations either, their girls are extremely attractive and they have the eastern culture that is much more compatible with china's.
		Jan 27 2006, 01:50 AM Sinicization is not juz looks but the culture and value systems as well.
	www.asiafinest.com /forum/lofiversion/index.php/t60382.html (1365 words)

	List of past ethnic groups - China History Forum, online chinese history forum
		I'm sure if one were to perform the impossible task of tallying up every ancient tribe that was sinicized, it would be in the hundreds if not thousands.
		This website is claiming that these ethnic groups were "assimilated" into Chinese culture and Sinicized but in reality, most, if not all with the exception of Manchus, are distinct non-Han ethnic groups still in existance today and are recognized by the PRC government or have "evolved" into another ethnic group.
		Sinicization was an extremely long and often painful process which most nomad groups resisted.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=2523&st=15 (1829 words)

	China History Forum, online chinese history forum > List of past ethnic groups
		Feb 18 2005, 04:26 PM Here is a list of the past ethnic groups that have sinicized or assimilated into Chinese culture/society.
		Feb 18 2005, 08:59 PM I'm sure if one were to perform the impossible task of tallying up every ancient tribe that was sinicized, it would be in the hundreds if not thousands.
		Interestingly, the sinicization in the south is more gradual and less brutal than in the north.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /lofiversion/index.php/t2523.html (2148 words)

	Eunuchs and Sinicization in the Non-Han Conquest Dynasties of China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In Chinese history, eunuchs were castrated men who served both as servants in the imperial household and as intermediaries among the emperor, the imperial concubines, and the officialdom.
		Although eunuchs were originally employed to work in the palaces as menial servants, through special intimacy with the emperor, princes and palace women, they became the enemies of the outer bureaucracy, controlled part of the military machinery, assassinated emperors and empresses, and enthroned the successors.
		This study o eunuch in the non-Han conquest dynasties further erodes the myth of total sinicization of the conquest dynasties.
	mcel.pacificu.edu /aspac/papers/scholars/jay/jay_intro.html (488 words)

	[No title]
		Internet sinicization, explained Zhou Hongyi, is simply adding new applications to the World Wide Web as it exists now to allow Chinese users to make better use of the Web by using their native language.
		Talking as though it could be might be misleading; it suggests the infrastructure of the Internet could be sinicized as well.” Zhou believes the sinicization of the Internet should focus only on developing applications and on maximizing the use of the Chinese language on the Internet.
		It is because of this belief that I have continued working on the sinicization project for the past five years, against all odds.
	www.worldpress.org /article_model.cfm?article_id=1629&dont=yes (1174 words)

	History of Sinicization - Asia Finest Discussion Forum
		we should sinicize the russians...the girls, i mean.
		Perhaps one of the more obvious solutions is thru non-sinid subjects, though the Sinid male would have to pass strong traits of sinocism within the offspring.
		This could be possible because of the increasing trend of chinese males.
	www.asiafinest.com /forum/index.php?act=findpost&pid=1464930 (1050 words)

	Sinicization Beyond the Great Wall - China's Xianjiang Uighur Autonomous Region - Matador Non-Fiction - Anwar Rahman
		Being a native from Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region, the largest and most remote Chinese province in Central Asia, the author has described, based on his personal experiences and considerable amounts of official documents, Xinjiang and particularly its native indigenous people under the Chinese rule since the People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.
		The highlights of the book are the author’s analyses on the modern Chinese policies towards its minority nationals, such as those in the domains of culture and economy; which are used, according to the conclusions of the book, as instruments to stimulate the process of sinicization.
		The book is also a study of China’s minority nationals’ affairs; it will be a useful handbook for those interested in both China’s ethnic problems and Central Asian studies.
	www.troubador.co.uk /book_info.asp?bookid=204 (330 words)

	Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Spelled sinicisation in British English, sinicization is the American English word which expresses an attempt to be influenced and assimilated by the Chinese culture.
		Buddhism and Sinicization reached its peak during the reign of the emperor, Shomu, when the Vairocana Buddha, Nara Daibutsu, was erected in 752.
		In a nutshell, the Gangjiudaduey was significant in their activities in the battlefront of Hong Kong Island, which led to the enhancement of friendship among Chinese, British and Americans.
	hkuhist2.hku.hk /studentprojects/japan/1997b/app1.htm (3685 words)

	SECTION 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Traditional Vietnamese History formally began with the chapter of Sinization and Sinicization, with the introduction of tax and census records, and covered nearly two millennia neatly split in half between the first sub-phase of Sinization and the second sub-phase of Sinicization associated with the Independence Era.
		Life is a never ending poker game of gambit and ruse, where control of critical information can make or break a person’s chance for success and fortune—bluffing and deception are socially sanctioned, being discovered, getting caught the penalty and the crime—calling another’s bluff as obsessive social preoccupation.
		The period of sinicization witnessed the same fundamental patternings in the development of Sino-Vietnamization as occurred during Sinization, only that there was a crucial and critical symbolic reversal of forms acquired from the Chinese.
	www.lewismicropublishing.com /Publications/BoatPeople/BoatPeople1ii.htm (1526 words)

	Chu Language \| History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The impression we get from reading these texts is of a Sinicized Chu court, fluent in Chinese as Russian courtiers under the Tsars were fluent in French, but still in full possession of their own culture.
		The existence of a fully competent Chu language in the Chu territory seems again to be taken for granted by this writer (in c0241).
		Its eclipse was thus later, and was caused, not by the elite Sinicization of the centuries of contact since early Spring and Autumn, but by the loss of its center of sovereignty in the Chu/Han showdown of the years 0206-0204.
	www.umass.edu /wsp/results/languages/chu/history.html (875 words)

	Asia Times Online :: China News, China Business News, Taiwan and Hong Kong News and Business.
		If, in the 21st-century global village, Sinicization does not mechanically mean de-Westernization - because of their purely quantitative territorial element, various national liberations did engender decolonization - it certainly means that the world society will have Western and Chinese characteristics.
		The presupposition of the "China threat" leitmotif is precisely China's capacity to influence on a massive scale our world system, but it is also assuming that this impact will be negative.
		Between two extremes, "China fever" or "China threat", the analyst should stay rationally within the limits of what can be called the "China factor": China's opening-up means, to a certain extent, Sinicization of the world, a process that has to be integrated and explained and not adored or condemned a priori.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/China/HD07Ad01.html (2391 words)

	Evelyn S (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Relying on newly opened Manchu-language archives, Rawski's study presents a fresh analysis of the political culture of the Manchu conquest elite in the inner recesses of the Qing court.
		Rawski contends that the "Sinicization" thesis held among prominent historians (such as the late Mary C. Wright) is mistaken in its attempt to explain the Qing's successful control over its vast multicultural empire.
		Despite Rawski's bold challenge to existing scholarship, the issue of "Sinicization" remains a live one subject to further investigation.
	webpages.marshall.edu /~kenley/HST200/evelyn_rawski.htm (861 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		the act or process of sinicizing : the state of being sinicized”); (“sinification : sinicization”) sources3=Random House Webster’s unabridged dictionary, 2001: $b (“Sinicize....
		The ontology approach in the Chinesization of Marxist philosophy at the end of the 20th century”) sources5=Racial identities in East Asia, 1995: $b p.
		442 (“Sinicisation and the historical construction of a Hui ethnic identity”) not_found=New encyclopaedia Britannica, 2002; $a Encyclopedia Americana, 2003; $a Collier’s encyclopedia, 1995.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/pcc/prop/requests/completed/sa10967 (209 words)

	Joanna Waley-Cohen. Military Culture in Eighteenth-Century China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		They saw in this kind of sinicization the root of the downfall of their imperial ancestors, the Jin, who in the twelfth century had pushed the Song southwards only to be overwhelmed themselves a little later by the Mongols.
		In fact, the campaign to militarize culture amounted to a bid to reverse altogether the dreaded process of sinicization.
		Most of all, promoting greater attention to martiality and military success aimed to forge a more closely aligned set of cultural preferences among the diverse peoples of the empire-- Manchus, Mongols, Tibetans, and Uighurs, as well as Chinese.
	people.cohums.ohio-state.edu /grimsley1/dialogue/aha2004/waley_cohen/waley_cohen.htm (2667 words)

	‘Taiwanization’ and ‘de-sinicization’ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Political observers must be a little puzzled by such terms as localization, which in fact means taiwanization, and de-sinicization, which has to be defined as the act of getting rid of Chinese influence from Taiwan.
		Localization certainly is not the right word to describe a recent movement by chiefly Amoy-speaking politicians to rid Taiwan of practically everything on the island that has been modified by Chinese influence or, in a word, sinicized.
		Taiwan, where the aborigines had lived hundreds of years before the first Chinese immigrants arrived, was sinicized during the 21 years of rule by Koxinga and his son and grandson in the 17
	www.npf.org.tw /PUBLICATION/NS/091/NS-C-091-156.htm (932 words)

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