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Topic: Sinkhole

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Pipe Creek Sinkhole

Karst topography

Karst

Ground water

Cave

Drainage

Mammoth Cave National Park

Subsidence

Stream

Spheroidal weathering

Mode of production

Disaster

Limestone

Imperial Guard (Warhammer 40,000 army)

Thunderstorm

	Sinkhole - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sinkholes, also known as sinks, shakeholes or dolina (in the Slovene language dolina means valleys), and cenotes, are formed by the collapse of cave roofs and are a feature of landscapes that are based on limestone bedrock.
		In the case of exceptionally large sinkholes, such as Cedar Sink at Mammoth Cave National Park, there may actually be a stream or river flowing into the bottom of the sink from one side and out the other side.
		Kapsia Cave ;: Exploration of a Sinkhole in Arkadia, Greece
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sinkhole (448 words)

	Sinkhole Flooding
		Sinkhole flooding is one of the more tragic karst-related geologic hazards because it seems to affect private residences the most, but could easily be avoided.
		Sinkhole flooding usually occurs during the same storms that cause rivers to flood, so it is sometimes not recognized as karst related.
		Sinkholes flood more frequently when there is development in their watershed because roofs, parking lots, and highways increase both the total runoff and the rapidity of runoff from a storm.
	www.uky.edu /KGS/water/general/karst/sinkhole_flooding.htm (1475 words)

	SINKHOLE DEVELOPMENT
		Sinkholes are depressions or holes in the land surface.
		Sinkholes occur naturally, and it is estimated that the majority of all lakes in Florida are a result of sinkhole activity.
		Collapse sinkholes are the most dramatic of the three sinkhole types; they form with little warning and leave behind deep, steep-sided holes.
	www.sinkholes.net /new_page_5.htm (834 words)

	Sinkholes
		Sinkholes are common where the rock below the land surface is limestone, carbonate rock, salt beds, or rocks that can naturally be dissolved by ground water circulating through them.
		Sinkholes are dramatic because the land usually stays intact for a while until the underground spaces just get too big.
		Sinkholes can also form when natural water-drainage patterns are changed and new water-diversion systems are developed.
	ga.water.usgs.gov /edu/earthgwsinkholes.html (395 words)

	Florida Sinkhole Damage Attorney - Hancock Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Sinkholes are formed when rain dissolves underground limestone or when surface materials collapse into cavities in the underlying rock.
		Sinkholes are usually cone or bowl shaped depressions in the land surface, although they vary in shape and size.
		Abrupt collapse-type sinkholes have become more common over the past twenty-five years, primarily due to activities such as the withdrawal of groundwater, diversion of surface water, or the construction of ponds.
	www.lawhancock.com /tampa-florida-sinkhole-attorney.htm (789 words)

	Frequently Asked Questions on Sinkhole Information - Water Resources - Environmental Services
		Sinkholes form in karst terrain principally from the collapse of surface sediments into underground cavities in the limestone bedrock.
		Sinkholes on private property are the responsibility of the property owner.
		The report, Insurance Study of Sinkholes, was submitted to the Department in December of 1992 and subsequently to the appropriate Legislative Committees.
	www.lakegovernment.com /departments/environmental_services/water_resources/faq_on_sinkholes.aspx (3126 words)

	Sinkhole Lawyer \| Morgan & Morgan, Florida Attorneys \| For the People
		Sinkhole claims generally are two types and are against the homeowner’s insurance company.
		Sinkholes are only present in a percentage of the claims that are made with an insurance company.
		Subsidence, the forming of depressions on the ground surface, or the formation of sinkholes is common during periods of high rainfall, especially after a dry period.
	www.forthepeople.com /legal/practice/sinkhole.html (1081 words)

	Sinkhole impacts can be minimized
		Sinkholes can also impact surficial hydrologic systemslakes, streams, and wet lands by changing water chemistry and rates of recharge or run-off.
		In areas underlain by cavernous limestone with thin to moderate thickness of overburden, increased sinkhole development and property loss are strongly correlated to human activity and cultural development.
		Finally, the changing land use is often associated with population increases and increasing demands for water supplies, which may lead to increases in ground-water pumpage and the lowering of local and regional ground-water levels.
	www.sinkhole.org /facts12.htm (363 words)

	SinkHole
		Niemann said she has had other geologists come to her home who concluded the damage was likely due to a sinkhole.
		Sinkhole damage is covered in all Florida homeowner's insurance policies.
		Within just a couple of hours, Kannan said, he was able to determine there is a sinkhole at the root of Mrs.
	www.geometrics.com /What_s_News/SinkHole/sinkhole.html (730 words)

	Contact us for Custom Chopper Parts, Custom Motorcycle Parts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Sinkhole Customs can not be held liable for anything except replacement or repair of warranted items from manufacture.
		Sinkhole customs has a limited one year warranty from date of purchase on all "in house" manufactured products against all defects of material or workmanship.
		Sinkhole Customs shall have no obligation hereunder in the event the products have be modified by any other person or organization, or whether the products become defective in whole or in part as a result of improper installation, improper maintenace, improper use, or abnormal operation or any other misuse or mistreatment of product.
	www.sinkholecustoms.com /contact.html (466 words)

	Devil's Sinkhole
		During summer months, tours to view the sinkhole from its opening and to watch the incredible evening bat flight are scheduled regularly.
		The Devil's Sinkhole was first discovered by pioneer Ammon Billings, who came to Edwards County on May 1, 1876 from Kerr County.
		Through the years as men began to promote the natural wonders of the State of Texas, the Devil's Sinkhole caught their imagination with its sunken mountain 256 feet lower than the natural terrain, the lake room 400 feet underground, fairyland room with unusual formations, and the flight of 8,000,000 bats.
	agfacts.tamu.edu /D10/Edwards/Devils_Sink_Hole.html (682 words)

	Sinkhole Disasters and Quotes from the Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		On appeal, Williams asserted that the "efficient proximate cause" of its loss was the sinkhole and not the flood.
		Williams also argued that the collapse is a directly covered cause that overrides the flood exclusion, that "flood" is ambiguous in the context of a sinkhole collapse, and that groundwater, not floodwater, caused the collapse.
		Sinkholes can form in unexpected areas, in particular where ground excavation occurs and where there is a change in the groundwater flow rate, both of which occur frequently with feedlot construction.
	www.tuningoracle.com /quotes.html (1507 words)

	Sinkhole Claims Put Spur To Rates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The rate increases in Pasco County are the highest in the state because of sinkhole claims.
		He argues that many sinkhole claims are driven by the lure of a cash settlement.
		Geologists and engineers hired by Citizens say most sinkhole complaints are due to normal ground settlement, poor construction or improper compaction of the soil, he said.
	news.tbo.com /news/MGBBO3FL4GE.html (1281 words)

	Sinkhole Checklist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Sinkholes occur as a natural process of erosion of the limestone by water.
		In pre-development times, sinkholes were usually triggered by heavy rains or a flood that made the soil "roof" over the cavity very heavy, so that it eventually collapsed.
		Increased numbers of sinkholes can generally be attributed to changing or loading of the earth’s surface with development such as retention ponds, buildings, changes in drainage patterns, heavy traffic vibrations or declining groundwater levels.
	www.pascoemergencymanagement.com /sinkhole.asp (807 words)

	Williams Law Association, P.A. Florida Sinkhole Insurance Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The presentation of a claim for sinkhole damage is a trap for the unwary, so it is always beneficial to retain the services of a qualified attorney to represent you during this process.
		Upon notification of a sinkhole loss claim, the insurance company must make an inspection of your premises to make an initial determination as to whether the damage to your property is the result of sinkhole activity.
		If, upon the initial investigation, the insurance company discovers damage consistent with sinkhole activity, it must obtain and pay for a qualified expert to investigate the damage and to issue a written certification as to whether he believes the damage was caused by a sinkhole.
	www.sinkholelawyer.com /sinkhole-law.asp (678 words)

	Citytimes: Diagnosing a sinkhole a trial for homeowners
		South Tampa may not be as prone to sinkholes and shifting earth as Pasco, Hernando or north Hillsborough counties, but even here, geology happens.
		Sinkholes can usually be dealt with by filling them with grout or by driving giant steel pins through the house into more stable rock.
		Sinkholes are depressions or holes in the land surface that occur throughout west-central Florida.
	www.sptimes.com /2004/01/16/Citytimes/Diagnosing_a_sinkhole.shtml (1285 words)

	Devil's Sinkhole - As The Crow Flies
		The first time I experienced Devil's Sinkhole was in the mid sixties with the caving club of the University of Texas at Austin.
		The overall side view of the Sinkhole is similar to the shape of an inverted bell.
		On the edge of the Sinkhole was a vertical pipe support that had a horizontal pipe sticking out over the entrance of the cave.
	www.geocities.com /Yosemite/Gorge/9073/devils.html (2777 words)

	Sinkhole Lawyer Florida
		Sinkholes are a naturally occurring geological condition and one of the most prevalent land forms in Florida.
		Sinkholes can be classified as geological hazards sometimes causing extensive damage to a home or business resulting in costly repairs.
		If an insurance company confirms sinkhole activity as a cause of the damage at a property, they often recommend grouting (pumping a cement mixture under pressure under the house) as a means of repair.
	www.fllawonline.com /pages/sinkhole.htm (511 words)

	TPWD: Devil's Sinkhole State Natural Area
		Devil's Sinkhole State Natural Area, formerly part of the Whitworth Ranch, is a 1859.7-acre area located approximately six miles northeast of Rocksprings in Edwards County.
		The most obvious life form found in the Sinkhole is the large seasonal population of Brazilian freetail bats.
		Devil's Sinkhole Visitors Center is in Rocksprings at 101 N Sweeten St. All tours meet at the visitors center.
	www.tpwd.state.tx.us /park/sinkhole (471 words)

	Sinkhole Risk Assessments
		A sinkhole is a large dissolution cavity that is open to the sky.
		The formation of sinkholes can be due either to the sudden wholesale collapse of the roof of a cave or by a more gradual downward movement of unconsolidated material into an open, chimney-like passageway.
		Sinkholes are enlarged whenever groundwater levels are high, but the pressure of the water in the caverns and passageways helps support the weight of the overlying rocks.
	www.blackrockenvironmental.com /sinkhole.htm (464 words)

	Fan's Page for Johnny Depp/Sinkhole fan fiction
		Sinkholes were becoming increasingly frequent phenomena in Florida, due to increased demands on the Floridan aquifer and also as a result of the drought.
		One of the most notable sinkholes occurred in the early 80's, when it appeared next to a car dealership in a major city and swallowed up several cars and a home.
		The news this morning had reported yet another sinkhole, this one threatening several residences in a suburb of Orlando, plus four separate wildfires consuming thousands of acres of parched land.
	www.angelfire.com /film/depfan/sinkhole.htm (3716 words)

	Sinkhole Productions
		Sinkhole Productions offers quite possibly the most affordable solution for the Independent Artist in search of a studio capable of recording/producing a Professional Demo, EP, or LP.
		Sinkhole Studio is equipped with the latest version of Pro Tools with a 32 Track, 24-bit/96kHz fidelity Digital Recording System with the ability to convey up to 36 streams of audio, control surface data, and MIDI data; with a 4-way Event Tuned Reference Biamplified Monitoring System.
		Sinkhole Studio is a 13' X 25' room with sound diffusion by Auralex Acoustics and an insulated Isolation Booth with a 3' X 3' window equiped with a high quality Oktava Condenser Microphone for clean, high resonance recordings of vocals, acoustic instruments, etc.
	www.geocities.com /sinkholeproductions/SinkholeProductions.html (291 words)

	I-81 sinkhole forms in collector lanes - Roanoke.com
		A collector lane of Interstate 81 in Montgomery County was closed Monday because of a sinkhole and may remain closed until Friday, officials said.
		The collector lanes are the lanes off Exit 118 that feed traffic in and out of the ramps at Exits 118C, B and A. A sinkhole formed beneath the right southbound lane just north of the Exit 118C ramp, the Virginia Department of Transportation said.
		Crews will repair the sinkhole by excavating it, filling it with rock, capping it with concrete and paving over it.
	www.roanoke.com /news/roanoke/11707.html (110 words)

	Sinkholes Sinkhole houses sink hole homes for sale
		A sinkhole or settlement that has not been repaired will continue to deteriorate, sometimes to the extent of extreme structural damage or potential personal injury.
		Sinkholes are depressions that form when a portion of the lithosphere below is eroded away.
		Sinkholes are common in Florida where they're often caused by the loss of groundwater from pumping.
	www.ibuysinkholehouses.com (474 words)

	Italian Sinkhole Conference (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The conference was prompted by the development of a large new sinkhole last year on agricultural land near Grosetto.
		The sinkhole which collapsed over a two day time period is approximately 100 meters in diameter.
		However, he stressed that these two sinkholes are in unusual geologic settings and may not have formed by the traditional processes.
	www.karstwaters.org /conduit/vol8no1/italconf.htm (323 words)

	Franklin Favorite Online
		The discovery of a sinkhole near Highway 100 east of Franklin forced work to stop last week on the city’s sewer extension project that will mainly service businesses and industries at the I-65 interchange and Sanders Industrial Park.
		Brown said that steel-reinforced concrete could be attached to exposed limestone around the lip of the sinkhole.
		Brown further said that portion of the sewer line could be placed in a steel casing to protect it from other future soil shifts.
	www.franklinfavorite.com /articles/stories/public/200407/01/citycomm714.html (462 words)

	Sinkholes: Sinkhole Flooding (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Sinkhole flooding is a natural occurrence following a heavy rainfall event.
		Mitigation of sinkhole flooding should be addressed in terms of stormwater runoff management.
		Since sinkholes are the natural runoff drainage points, they should be left undisturbed in order to ensure continued drainage.
	www.bradd.org /hazard/hazards/sinkholes/flooding.html (174 words)

	Sinkhole Org helping home owners with sinkhole damaged property claims
		If you are a victim of a bedrock collapse sinkhole, even if it has only reached the outskirts of your property, you'll know.
		Fortunately these collapse sinkholes are the rarest kind of sinkholes in Florida.
		The first thing you're going to have to do if you're a victim is to understand that you are now confronted with a series of questions and tests and expenses you have probably never thought about before.
	sinkhole.org (286 words)

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