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Sino-British Joint Declaration - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Joint Declaration is unlike an agreement made within a state, and the involvement of the UN creates obligations that internationalize the status of Hong Kong. The signing of the Joint Declaration by the Conservative Party government of Margaret Thatcher was a cause of controversy in Britain at the time: some were surprised that the right wing Prime Minister would agree to such an arrangement with the Communist government of China represented by Deng Xiaoping. The Declaration entered into force with the exchange of instruments of ratification on May 27, 1985, and was registered by the PRC and UK governments at the United Nations on June 12, 1985. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sino-British_Joint_Declaration   (650 words)

Hong Kong - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Pursuant to an agreement known as the Sino-British Joint Declaration, signed by the People's Republic of China and the United Kingdom on 19 December 1984, the whole territory of Hong Kong under British colonial rule became the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the PRC on 1 July 1997. In the Joint Declaration, the PRC promised that under the "One Country, Two Systems" policy proposed by Deng Xiaoping, the socialist economic system in mainland China would not be practised in Hong Kong, and Hong Kong's previous capitalist system and life-style would remain unchanged for at least 50 years, or until 2047. During the war, Hong Kong Island was first occupied by the British, and was formally ceded by the Qing Dynasty of China in 1842 under the Treaty of Nanking. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hong_Kong   (6419 words)

Wanek Prize Essay:  1997  Anna Wasserstrom British and Hong Kong Government authorities have criticized the PRC decision to disband the current Legislative Council in favor of the provisional legislature that includes ten members who were defeated in the 1995 election, arguing that it is inconsistent with the Joint Declaration requirement of an elected legislature in Hong Kong. The PRC rejected the reforms as a violation of the Joint Declaration and announced it would not recognize the results of the 1995 Legislative Council elections. PRC rejected the reforms as a violation of the Joint Declaration and announced it would not recognize the results of the 1995 Legislative Council elections. ccat.sas.upenn.edu /maraas/wanek97.htm   (2574 words)

The Journal of Asian Law Back Issues Central to the achievement of the Sino-British Joint Declaration on the Question of Hong Kong (Joint Declaration) was the economic rationale of maintaining the "prosperity and stability" (fanrong anding) of the territory. This declared common objective, while not exclusively confined to the economic sphere, reinforced earlier assurances that investors could set their hearts at ease; it also proved to be the primary catalyst in the successful completion of the Sino-British accord. The elaboration by the PRC Government of its basic policies regarding Hong Kong contained in Annex I of the Joint Declaration stipulates that the chief executive for the SAR is to be appointed by the Central Government on the basis of either "consultations" or "elections" held locally. www.columbia.edu /cu/asiaweb/v2n1chan.htm   (1068 words)

Congressional Research Service Subsequent Chinese rhetoric denounced the proposals as a violation of the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration. The proposals were seen by the British authorities as consistent with the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration, but Beijing disagreed. o Declares congressional support for the Sino-British Joint Declaration and makes a number of findings about what that agreement provides for, including that Hong Kong's legislature (Legco) will be constituted by elections, and that all agreements the United States has implemented with Hong Kong by June 30, 1997, will continue in force after that date. www.fas.org /man/crs/95-743s.htm   (2592 words)

Putting Democratization Back on Track in Hong Kong The British began implementing Hong Kong's transition to democracy after signing the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration, which outlined the terms by which Britain would cede sovereignty over Hong Kong to China. London and Beijing agreed in the 1984 Joint Declaration that the legislature of the Hong Kong SAR would be constituted by elections. Not only will this be the first election in Hong Kong since China regained sovereignty over the former British colony last July, but it also will be the first legislative election in the history of the People's Republic of China in which even a fraction of legislators is directly elected by the people. www.heritage.org /research/asiaandthepacific/bg1180.cfm   (2920 words)

The Canary in China The British negotiators of the declaration, in the mood of careless optimism about Chinese intentions that prevailed in the early 1980s, had agreed to let Beijing, not Hong Kong, draft the Basic Law incorporating the terms of the declaration into Hong Kong law. When Britain's prime minister Margaret Thatcher agreed to the Joint Declaration, the prevailing assumption in London and in Washington was that Deng's China, not Chernenko's Soviet Union, would be the first Communist giant to shake off totalitarian rule and embrace democratic capitalism. According to the specific terms of the declaration and its annexes, Beijing would appoint Hong Kong's chief executive, but that executive was to be accountable to a legislative council chosen in free elections by the people of Hong Kong. www.ceip.org /people/kagstan3.htm   (2498 words)

Broken Pledges in Hong Kong To assess such claims, it's worth going back 21 years to the signing of the Sino-British Joint Declaration by the British prime minister then, Margaret Thatcher, and her Chinese counterpart, the late Zhao Ziyang. British governments followed socialist policies at home for decades after World War II, but in Hong Kong they gave free rein to Adam Smith's invisible hand; Hong Kong has often been called the world's freest economy. Actually, Hong Kong was, in a way ruled under a "one country, two systems" formula by the British, too. www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/content/article/2005/10/27/AR2005102701837_pf.html   (796 words)

UW Law School In anticipation of the of the lease's 1997 expiration, China and Britain drafted the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration. One Country, One-and-a-Half Systems: The Hong Kong Basic Law and Its Breaches of the Sino-British Joint Declaration The articles main focus is that although Britain and China agreed in the 1984 Joint Declaration that the 1984 treaty's detailed provisions would be stipulated in the Basic Law, the final version promulgated does not accord with several core promises of the Joint Resolution and is a highly flawed document. www.law.wisc.edu /students/wilj/abstracts/102.htm   (716 words)

East Asia Bureau: 95/06/06 Testimony: Winston Lord on Hong Kong Continued development of democratic institutions, envisioned in the Joint Declaration and Basic Law, and protection of the rule of law, civil liberties and basic rights, are also essential to maintain local and international confidence in Hong Kong's future and in its importance as a regional base for trade and investment. Clearly, the Joint Declaration and the Basic Law, while granting Hong Kong a high degree of local autonomy, envisioned that China, as sovereign, would have considerable influence in the future Special Administrative Region. Implementation of the "high degree of autonomy" stipulated in the Joint Declaration is essential to future stability and prosperity. dosfan.lib.uic.edu /ERC/bureaus/eap/950606LordHongKong.html   (2848 words)

Art 002 Assignment 7 - Hong Kong Pursuant to the Sino-British joint Declaration signed by China and the UK on 19 December 1984, Hong Kong became the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 1 July 1997. In this declaration, China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be imposed on Hong Kong and that Hong Kong will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defence affairs for the next 50 years. Occupied by the British in 1841, Hong Kong was formally ceded by China the following year; various adjacent lands were added later in the 19th century. www.personal.psu.edu /users/k/c/kcc141/assignment7.htm   (778 words)

The Illusory Promise: Freedom of the Press in Hong Kong, China The Joint Declaration follows common practice in rendering the English term "freedom of the press" in Chinese as "chuban ziyou." In fact, however, the Chinese word chuban is not the precise equivalent of the broader English word "press." Chuban refers to "publication" rather than the "mass media" as a whole. As in the Joint Declaration, the only explicit exceptions from this category are laws that "contravene" the Basic Law or are amended by the HKSAR legislature. They argue that the Joint Declaration is an international treaty, formally registered with the United Nations, and, hence, binding and enforceable under international law. www.law.indiana.edu /ilj/volumes/v73/no3/foster.html   (13655 words)

Online NewsHour: The End of British Control of Hong Kong -- January 28, 1997 The Sino British Joint Declaration outlining the agreement between Great Britain and China. In fact, the British had committed themselves through private agreements with the Chinese to reach an agreement with Beijing on any changes that were made. An ITN background report from Hong Kong on the rising tensions as the British colony prepares for Chinese rule. www.pbs.org /newshour/bb/asia/january97/hong_kong_1-28.html   (1481 words)

Commanding Heights : Hong Kong on PBS In 1984 the question of sovereignty is settled with the Sino-British Joint Declaration, making Hong Kong a Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China in 1997. In 1984 they sign the Joint Declaration that cedes Hong Kong to Chinese rule in 1997 under the "one country, two systems" formula, a status that is to last at least 50 years. 1910-1940: As a British colony, Hong Kong is used mainly as an entrepot in the "triangular trade" between China, India, and Britain. www.pbs.org /wgbh/commandingheights/lo/countries/hk/hk_full.html   (4704 words)

The Journal of Asian Law Back Issues Since the signing in 1984 of the Sino-British Joint Declaration on the Question of Hong Kong (the "Joint Declaration"), a number of issues involving the administration of Hong Kong have caused friction between Great Britain ("Britain") and the People's Republic of China ("China"). Section III argues that the degree of Chinese control over the financing of the airport project demonstrates that China has obtained greater influence in Hong Kong's pre-1997 affairs than was envisioned by the Joint Declaration. The British side had argued that the current low interest rate environment made it sensible to finance the airport with a much greater degree of debt. www.columbia.edu /cu/asiaweb/v9n1benn.htm   (759 words)

EURAC research - 12 - artikel8 However, the guarantees contained in the foreseen Sino-British Joint Liaison Group are better than nothing, even though the commission will stop work after January 1 2000 according to the Annex II of the Sino-British Joint Declaration. On the contrary, the basic policies of the People's Republic of China regarding Hong Kong developed in the paragraph 3 of the Sino-British Joint Declaration and now stipulated in the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, are unchangeable only until 2047. The provisions of the Sino-British agreement, as well as those of the Paris agreement of 1946 between Italy and Austria, can be safeguarded only indirectly by the British and Austrian governments respectively. www.eurac.edu /press/academia/12/artikel8.asp   (1083 words)

Untitled Document Thatcher to Beijing and ended with the signing of the Sino-British Joint Declaration. As a result of this mutually beneficial solutions, the Sino -British Joint Declaration was signed in Dec. 1984 The main contents of this historical document are as follows: In face the British proposals- sovereignty for dominion, co-dominion, and extension of the lease of the New Territory for 50 more years from 1997 were all rejected by China one by one. www.mc.maricopa.edu /dept/d10/asb/anthro2003/china/wuyi/hk6.html   (885 words)

The British Experience Up until the signing of the Sino-British Joint Declaration, no major developments took place but several university studies were carried out with regard to the problem of language in the field of law. Hong Kong was a British colony until the signing of the Sino-British Joint Declaration in 1984. The enshrining, during the negotiations surrounding the Sino-British Joint Declaration, of solutions which guarantee a high degee of continuity in the judicial system, the way in which judges are recruited and dismissed and the reference to external sources; www.rjmacau.com /english/rjm1996n3/ac-mary/hk.html   (2684 words)

Reference.com/Encyclopedia/British overseas territory A milestone of major importance towards decolonisation was the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV), on 14 December 1960. India was the first country to become a republic while remaining in the Commonwealth, recognising the British monarch as "Head of the Commonwealth". Most other countries have become republics after independence, as a sort of sixth step, in which constitutional amendments are passed removing the British monarch as Head of State. www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Crown_colony   (1238 words)

95119: Hong Kong's Return to China: Implications for U.S. Interests Although the Sino-British Joint Declaration on Hong Kong guarantees that Hong Kong's civil servants will be able to continue at their jobs with full pay and benefits, some in Hong Kong's government are concerned about the attrition rate in the civil service, particularly among professionals. Beijing swiftly and vigorously denounced both the Governor and his reforms, saying that the reforms contravened the Joint Declaration and the Basic Law and were nothing short of an attempt to create new democratic institutions in Hong Kong where none had existed before. Second, on June 9, 1995, Britain and China reached agreement on establishing a Hong Kong-based Court of Final Appeal (CFA) -- provision for which was made in both the Joint Declaration and the Basic Law. www.fas.org /man/crs/95-119.htm   (7378 words)

Glossary of Hong Kong Terms The expiration of that lease in 1997 prompted fierce negotiations between Britain and China culminating in the Sino-British Joint Declaration, signed by Margaret Thatcher and Zhao Jiyang, the Chinese Premier, in 1984. First occupied by British opium traders in 1840, it became a colony in 1841. The only British colonial subjects who have right of abode in the UK come from Caucasian-majority colonies (Gibraltar and Falklands) humorist.net /lilywong/glossary.htm   (923 words)

US Hong Kong Policy Report A. The Joint Declaration is an agreement between two sovereign nations, the United Kingdom and the The Joint Declaration was signed by the United Kingdom (U.K.) and the Declaration commitments to local rule and democratic institutions. www.gwu.edu /~jaysmith/HK_USRep.html   (7866 words)

SSRN-'Apres Moi Le Deluge'? Judicial Review in Hong Kong Since Britain Relinquished Sovereignty by Tahirih Lee The Sino-British Joint Declaration of 1984 promulgated in PRC law and international law a guaranty that implied a positive answer to this question: The British officials who governed Hong Kong during the last two decades of British colonial rule over the city did little to ensure that the PRC would maintain the scope of judicial review present in Hong Kong at the transfer of sovereignty. While the NPCSC decision restored the statute that the court declared unconstitutional, it refrained from vacating any of the court's language in these two opinions which asserted that it had broad power to review constitutional issues. papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=223730   (1130 words)

Implementing Article 23 of the Basic Law of Hong Kong - Council on Foreign Relations The content of the Basic Law—a work-in-progress since the Sino-British Joint Declaration of 1984—was agreed upon before the "handover" by members of the National Peoples' Congress (NPC) in Beijing, the Hong Kong Legislative Council (LegCo), and the outgoing British administration. On July 1, 1997, Hong Kong ceased to be administered by a British colonial administration, and was reunified with China. After July 1997 and the creation of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the Peoples' Republic of China (HKSAR or just SAR for short), the Basic Law was, in theory, to provide Hong Kong with a degree of political autonomy vis-à-vis Beijing. www.cfr.org /publication/5350/implementing_article_23_of_the_basic_law_of_hong_kong.html?breadcrumb=default   (1240 words)

House of Lords - Reg. v. Secretary of State for the Home Department, Ex parte Launder In accordance with provisions set out in Annex II a Sino-British Joint Liaison Group was set up to conduct consultations on the implementation of the Joint Declaration and to discuss matters relating to the smooth transfer of government in 1997. The Joint Declaration was initialled on 26 September 1984, signed at Beijing on 19 December 1984 and ratified by Parliament on 27 May 1985. In the United Kingdom the Hong Kong Act 1985 was passed to make provision for the transfer of sovereignty and other matters consequential on the change of sovereignty and jurisdiction in implement of the Joint Declaration. www.number7.demon.co.uk /hol/reports/01/19.htm   (919 words)

Britain's farewell to empire Mr Jiang promised that Beijing would respect the freedoms and autonomy promised to the new Hong Kong in the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration. Indeed, bitterness endured to the very end of British rule with Chinese leaders refusing to attend a pre-handover banquet organised by the British side. As his words died away, British and Chinese flag parties marched on to the stage to complete the final rites of colonial rule. www.telegraph.co.uk /htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1997/07/01/whong01.html   (988 words)

China rules out direct elections in Hong Kong -DAWN - International; 27 April, 2004 Britain voiced disappointment at the NPC's action which it said seemed inconsistent with the "high degree of autonomy" Beijing had guaranteed to Hong Kong under the 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration. The Joint Declaration made much of Beijing's pledge to allow the former colony such autonomy after the 1997 handover under the principle of "one country, two systems". The decision came after top members of the National People's Congress (NPC) had voted on political reforms for the former British colony, where calls have mounted for more voting rights out of growing frustration with the China-backed administration. www.dawn.com /2004/04/27/int9.htm   (700 words)

House Democratic Leader Nancy Pelosi Speaker, when the Sino - British Joint Declaration was negotiated in 1997, it guaranteed the preservation of freedoms basic to life in Hong Kong. "The House must act today to make clear to the Hong Kong government and to the People’s Republic of China the seriousness with which the United States views any action that would subvert the promise of human rights contained in the Joint Declaration. Just five years later, those freedoms -- freedom of press, freedom of religion, freedom of association -- are under assault. democraticleader.house.gov /press/articles.cfm?pressReleaseID=251   (630 words)

House of Commons - Foreign Affairs - Minutes of Evidence The Sino-British Joint Liaison Group, which was the main body for detailed planning of the transfer of sovereignty, and which thereafter provided a forum in which Britain and China could continue to discuss the implementation of the JD, ended its work in December 1999 (as agreed in the JD). The British Consul-General in Hong Kong and a number of his staff are jointly accredited to Macau, and make regular visits there. The British Chevening Scholarships Scheme has operated in Hong Kong since 1996, giving young people with leadership potential the opportunity to develop their academic and management skills in the UK. www.publications.parliament.uk /pa/cm199900/cmselect/cmfaff/574/0102506.htm   (3052 words)

Rediff On The NeT: Indians anxious about Chinese takeover of Hong Kong Yet another powerful group which has been lobbying the Hong Kong and British governents since the signing of the Sino-British Joint Declaration has been the influential Indian Chamber of Commerce, Hong Kong. However, he is very critical of Britain’s efforts to introduce more democratic reforms in Hong Kong, which he says contravenes the Sino-British Joint Declaration and the Basic Law. The IRG has been lobbying the British government over the last four years, and presenting its case for full British citizenship. www.rediff.com /news/jan/03hong.htm   (1128 words)

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