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Topic: Sir Albert Howard

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Soil Association

An Agricultural Testament

Organic farming

Lady Eve Balfour

Haughley Experiment

The Living Soil

Biodynamic agriculture

Haughley Green

Green Revolution

Rudolf Steiner

Botanist

Exeter

Ammonium nitrate

1946

1940

	The work of Sir Albert Howard
		Sir Albert Howard was the founder of the organic farming movement.
		This is Howard's follow-up to An Agricultural Testament, extending its themes and serving as a guide to the new organic farming movement as it unfolded -- and encountered opposition from the chemical farming lobby and the type of agricultural scientists Howard referred to as "laboratory hermits".
		Albert and Gabrielle Howard worked as fellow plant scientists and fellow Imperial Economic Botanists to the Government of India for 25 years, and this is a study of their work by Sir Albert's second wife Louise (sister of Gabrielle, who died in 1930).
	journeytoforever.org /farm_library/howard.html (1656 words)

	Sir Albert Howard Memorial Issue
		Sir Albert Howard, Founder of the Organic Farming Movement, died in England in October 1947 at the age of 74.
		Howard to their work, their colleagues, their staff, students and field workers, not forgetting their cattle, fields, and crops, was so marvellous that it inspired each and all voluntarily to respect, admire and enthusiastically co-operate with them in all their activities.
		Howard showed that the outlying fields were not dependent for their phosphorus on the very small amounts in the surface soil, as the ryots' practice was always to have some deep-rooted crop in the rotation.
	journeytoforever.org /farm_library/howard_memorial.html (8676 words)

	Ecologist, The: howard's way - agricultural consultant Sir Albert Howard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Howard was an agricultural thinker of huge stature and his ideas were so powerful that they had, and still have, the capacity to change the future of farming.
		Howard was an agricultural researcher of some eminence who had already developed a fairly wide sphere of expertise when he was sent by the British Government to India in 1905 to establish a research base to develop improved crop husbandry at Pusa in Bengal.
		Howard then brought his animals in direct contact with diseased stock by allowing them to use common pastures on which diseased cattle sometimes grazed, or by allowing them to graze a field which was only separated by a low hedge from diseased animals over which the animals could rub noses.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2465/is_5_31/ai_76285453 (1273 words)

	SGR Chardon Reports - The Wheel of Health
		Sir Robert came to ascribe this excellence of health, and of the plants and animals raised by these people, to their ecological methods of cultivation.
		Sir Albert’ method was applied to a farm in England.
		Sir Albert Howard said of the seven years he had worked in India, ‘I cannot recall a single case of insect or fungous attack.’ The animals feeding on these crops also prospered.
	www.sgr.org.uk /GenEng/ChardonSummHealth.html (1405 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Mendel in the Kitchen: Scientist's View of Genetically Modified Food (2004)
		ir Albert Howard was a British colonial officer with the cumbersome title of Chemical Botanist to the Government of the Raj at Pusa.
		—Sir Albert Howard (1940) Sir Albert Howard was a British colonial officer with the cumbersome title of Chemical Botanist to the Government of the Raj at Pusa.
		Sir Albert Howard wanted to believe that there was a direct connection between the nutrient content of the soil and the health of humans.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309092051/html/245.html (5541 words)

	Agriculture Library Index
		Howard's first book aimed at the general public is again in print and available for purchase through the Rodale Institute.
		Following the print-on-paper book's style, the extensive quotations from the Howards' other publications are in smaller type; the serious reader of this book is advised to reset their web browser program to display type a few point sizes larger.
		Sykes ran his prosperous and successful farm on Albert Howard's composting principles; the health and quality of his livestock was extraordinary.
	www.soilandhealth.org /01aglibrary/01aglibwelcome.html (4326 words)

	Vital Earth / Carl Pool
		This proponent is Sir Albert Howard, who was knighted by the Queen of England for his work in agriculture.
		On the answer to this question the future of civilization lies.” He shunned conventional forms of agricultural research in favor of practical on-farm testing and was opposed to research by teams of specialists, each working on a fragment of the whole...
		Sir Albert revealed how using compost will build soil fertility independently, as he illustrated in 25 years of practical experimentation in India.
	www.vitalearth.com /news/harmony.htm (2020 words)

	"Hoof & Mouth disease Cure and Prevention - a rich, abundant and poison free agriculture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Sir Howard attributed the astonishing immunity of his cattle to hoof & mouth disease to the organic farming methods he first observed in and around Pusa, where every scrap of plant and animal waste, including weeds, was traditionally, and almost religiously returned to the soil.
		The reason for this is that even the organic farmers do not, as yet, know that crops, animals and humans alike need the complete range of the 72+ natural trace elements in their daily nutrition for their natural robust health and supremely effective immune responses.
		All indications point to the fact that this lack of over 60 crucially vital trace elements in soils and fodder is the chief cause of the hoof & mouth disease pandemic which now plagues our livestock, as well as of many other crop, animal and human diseases.
	www.truehealth.org /agnew01.html (1242 words)

	Gale Schools - Sci Try - Lift Off (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		By the twentieth century, large animals such as the buffalo, whose droppings fertilized the prairie soil, were disappearing as were many of the farming communities that contributed barnyard manure to compost piles.
		In 1934, Sir Albert Howard, an Englishman, developed the modern organic concept of farming.
		Howard also pointed out the importance of microorganisms in the process.
	www.galeschools.com /sci_try/compost.htm (902 words)

	J. I. Rodale Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		In 1941, J.I. happened onto the writings of a British agronomist named Sir Albert Howard that would set the direction of his personal and business interests for the remainder of his life.
		Sir Albert promoted an approach to farming that emphasized the use of animal and vegetable wastes, scientifically composted, to fertilize agricultural crops, rather than relying on chemical fertilizers.
		Sir Albert’s approach was based on observations and experiments he did in India.
	www.dep.state.pa.us /dep/PA_Env-Her/rodale_bio.htm (2013 words)

	Albert Howard -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Sir Albert Howard (1873-1947) was a British (A biologist specializing in the study of plants) botanist, an (additional info and facts about organic farming) organic farming pioneer, and a principal figure in the early (additional info and facts about organic movement) organic movement.
		He is often referred to as the father of modern organic (The class of people engaged in growing food) agriculture.
		His work influenced and inspired many farmers and agricultural scientists who furthered the organic movement, including (additional info and facts about Lady Eve Balfour) Lady Eve Balfour (the (additional info and facts about Haughley Experiment) Haughley Experiment, (additional info and facts about The Living Soil) The Living Soil) and J.I. Rodale (Rodale Institute).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/al/albert_howard.htm (210 words)

	Foot and Mouth Epidemic By Bernard Jarman
		Foot and Mouth disease and BSE are not natural disasters but come as a direct consequence of a disregard for the intimate relationships existing between soil, plant, animal and the whole of nature.
		Sir Albert Howard, working in India during the 1920’s, experienced how important healthy humus-rich soil is for plant and animal health.
		This illness picture very much supports the findings of Sir Albert Howard in that, due to over stimulation, incorrect feeding, one sided breeding and an overall lack of consideration for the animal’s true nature, the organism loses its living connection to the earth and hence its resistance to the virus.
	www.whale.to /m/fm95.html (1111 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Nevertheless, it would be incorrect to deny that the subject matters treated progressed rapidly even in the course of his own life time; he himself added to what he said here, and many gallant writers have followed his lead.
		Following on the creation of an Albert Howard Foundation of Organic Husbandry, the declared aim of which is to continue and make known the Albert Howard principles, inquiries may be addressed to the Headquarters of the Foundation at Sharnden Manor, Mayfield, Sussex, England.
		HOWARD, A., and HOWARD, G. The Development of Indian Agriculture, Oxford University Press, 1929.
	gutenberg.net.au /ebooks02/0200301.txt (21136 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Sir Albert Howard's work might also be of interest.
		They achieved good results with the wheat, but this was as a part of an overall strategy that also included Indore composting and early work with mycorrhiza, and had a strong focus on soil management, as well as on the real requirements of Indian cultivators.
		A good reference is "Sir Albert Howard in India", by L.E. Howard, Faber, London, 1953.
	www.ibiblio.org /london/orgfarm/soil-science/impact.of.soil.biology.on.nutritional.quality (385 words)

	[No title]
		Albert Howard, an Honorary Fellow of the Imperial College of Science, was formerly the Director of the Institute of Plant Industry and Agricultural Adviser to States in Central India and Rajputana.
		FMD is an opportunistic disease arising as a result of poor diet combined with intensive and therefore unhealthy farming methods.
		Howard's battle to establish these facts were at first thwarted by his superiors.
	www.mercola.com /2001/apr/11/hoof_mouth.htm (2353 words)

	Organic Gardener's Composting
		Sir Albert Howard has been called the 'father of modern composting.' His first composting book (1931) The Waste Products of Agriculture, stressed the vital importance of animal digestive enzymes from fresh cow manure in making compost.
		Later on when we review Howard's Indore composting method we will see how brilliantly Sir Albert understood natural decomposition and mimicked it in a composting method that resulted in a very superior product.
		Sir Albert Howard had a unique and pithy way of expressing this reality.
	www.pos1.info /r/rggcm.htm (21545 words)

	Hort 306 - READING 31-2
		Bromfield was an active promoter of SCS methods and embraced most of Sir Albert Howard's ideas, as well as those of Faulkner.
		Later, he and his brother began manufacturing electrical supplies, and during the Depression, they moved the plant to Emmaus, Pa. J.I. wanted to be a writer and started publishing magazines to carry his work but met with no success (Greene, 1971; Jackson, 1974).
		Sir Albert Howard's 1940 book An Agricultural Testament had little impact on the U.S. agricultural community, but Rodale became a zealous believer in Howard's philosophy and farming system.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /newcrop/history/lecture31/r_31-4.html (1952 words)

	Untitled Stacked Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Sir Albert Howard, the father of the organic method, perceived the doctrine of chemical farming as a threat.
		He predicted that this broken cycle would present problems for the future generations such as increased hunger, disease and pollution.
		Inspired by the ideas of Sir Albert Howard, J.I. Rodale founded Organic Farming and Gardening in 1942.
	www.gotoasheville.com /Articles/CAgardening/Untitled_Stacked_Page/untitled_stacked_page_1.html (571 words)

	Systems Information Resources: A Resource and Information Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Albert Einstein, during an incredibly productive time, discusses or invents the law of mass-energy, Brownian theory of motion (a good example of parallel discovery), and the photon theory of light.
		Albert wrote the music and had never been to a baseball game.
		Howard "Buster" Johnson franchises his name to a former schoolmate who opens the now famous twenty-eight flavors orange roof restaurant, called Howard Johnson.
	www.2-sir.com /customers/Bustl.html (12988 words)

	[No title]
		Howard's work is prefaced thus: \par \par \plain\f5\fs22\i \ldblquote The earth's green carpet is the sole source of the food consumed by livestock and mankind.
		\par \par Howard's efforts to establish his belief that well-cared for animals were not susceptible to foot and mouth were at first thwarted by his superiors.
		Howard was discovering that vested interests and a refusal to back-track from entrenched ideology were very much alive and well in the early part of the 20th Century, even as they are today.
	www.credence.org /Eclub/040501.rtf (10062 words)

	Lodi Woodbridge Winegrape Commission - Sustainable Viticulture
		In particular, an Englishman, Sir Albert Howard developed many ideas that became some of the foundation of sustainable farming prior to World War II in India where he was trying to meet the challenge of improving farmers' yields in order to feed a rapidly increasing population.
		He believed that the best way to increase food productivity at a moderate cost was to return the organic by-products of crop production as well as animal manures to the soil.
		Howard also had concerns about the changes in soil chemistry caused by the use of synthetic fertilizers and the use of chemical poisons to solve all pest problems.
	www.lodiwine.com /sustainableviticulture1.shtml (616 words)

	Jim Riddle, October 16, 1999
		This is what Sir Albert Howard had in mind when he outlined his famous "farming in nature's image" summary.
		His reference to leaving both plants and animals "to protect themselves against disease" is NOT organic by neglect, but a testament to the fact that when natural systems are restored to their original ecological balance, plants and animals have the resources to fend off diseases without human intervention.
		It is true that "organic is an agricultural production claim." But as Sir Albert Howard understood all too well, nature also "farms", and in his view, at least, did a much better job of it than most of us.
	www.pmac.net /FKWILD3.html (1293 words)

	Holvetgf1.htm
		Another candidate for a required reading list is the book "An Agricultural Testament" by Sir Albert Howard, published in 1940.
		Sir Albert was formerly the Director of the Institute of Plant Industry in Indore, India and the British Agricultural Advisor to States in Central India and Pajutana.
		This book is the summation of decades of his work to improve soil fertility and plant and animal health by composting agricultural residues and returning them to the soil.
	members.aol.com /rjhdvm/Holvetgf2.htm (2143 words)

	Compost Myths: To Turn Or Not To Turn, That Is The Question
		Much of compost's current popularity in the West can be attributed to the work of Sir Albert Howard, who wrote An Agricultural Testament (1943) and several other works on aspects of what has now become known as organic agriculture.
		Sir Howard's discussions of composting techniques focus on the Indore process of composting, a process developed in Indore, India, between the years of 1924 and 1931.
		The Indore process was first described in detail in Sir Howard's work (co-authored with Y. Wad), The Waste Products of Agriculture, in 1931.
	www.envirolet.com /compostmyths.html (1104 words)

	Arlington Organic Garden Club, Arlington TX
		To better understand the use of manure you can read the works of F. King and Sir Albert Howard.
		In his book he states that Asian farmers successfully fed their huge populations by returning everything to the soil.
		Sir Albert Howard wrote "An Agricultural Testament." This book was about composting and the use of manure and "night soil" in India.
	www.aogc.org /manure.htm (1419 words)

	Zeek's - Alternative News 4U!
		Sir Albert Howard was one of the twentieth century's finest exponents of organically-based agricultural practices.
		He was in charge of the Agricultural Research Institute at Pusa, India, starting around 1905 and was in charge of similar facilities at Quetta on the Westgern Frontier and Indore in Central India....on a continual basis until 1931.
		Sir Albert's research established, 70 years ago, that properly nourished livestock simply did not manifest Aftosa.
	zeek.ca /4u/article.php?sid=9 (823 words)

	Gardening resources: Journey to Forever organic garden
		by J.I. Rodale, with an introduction by Sir Albert Howard, Devin-Adair, 1946
		Inspired by the work of Albert Howard, J.I. Rodale bought a farm, founded Organic Gardening Magazine, as well as Rodale Publishing, worked tirelessly to introduce organic farming to the US, and wrote this book.
		Explores solutions to this problem embodied in the organic methodology of Albert Howard and the biodynamic movement founded by Rudolf Steiner.
	journeytoforever.org /garden_link.html (2629 words)

	OurStory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Sir Albert Howard who wrote The Soil and Health.
		Edward John Willman born 1926-2001 the founder of Troubled Soils Inc. and Jeff Frank director of The Lyceum For The Environment.
		Sir Albert Howard observed the soil and why organically raised farm animals were disease free.
	www.motherearthorganics.com /OurStory.htm (316 words)

	MSW Management \| Solid Waste Management in the last 50 Years
		Sir Albert Howard systematized the process used for centuries by farmers and gardeners to produce humus.
		It was known as the Indore process because of the country in which Sir Albert’s work was done.
		It was a simple process consisting of alternating layers of garbage, animal manure, night soil, sewage sludge, and straw, either buried or done in piles.
	www.forester.net /mw_0107_history.html (2406 words)

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