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	William Crookes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sir William Crookes, OM, FRS (June 17, 1832 – April 4, 1919) was an English chemist and physicist.
		William Crookes was born in London, he was the eldest son of Joseph Crookes, a tailor of north-country origin, by his second wife, Mary Scott.
		For many years Crookes conducted laborious experiments on the elements of the rare earths, elements so similar to one another in chemical properties that special methods for their separation had to be devised.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/William_Crookes (1818 words)

	Crookes radiometer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was invented in 1873 by the chemist Sir William Crookes as the by-product of some chemical research.
		Crookes incorrectly suggested that the force was due to the pressure of light.
		The first experiment to disprove this theory was done by Arthur Schuster in 1876, who observed that there was a force on the glass bulb of the Crookes radiometer that was in the opposite direction to the rotation of the vanes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crookes_radiometer (1617 words)

	Adventures in CyberSound: Crookes, William
		Crookes invented the radiometer in 1875 and, beginning in 1878, investigated electrical discharges through highly evacuated "Crookes tubes." These studies laid the foundation for J. Thomson's research in the late 1890s concerning discharge-tube phenomena.
		Crookes maintained an interest in agriculture and warned in 1898 that the world's population would face starvation unless new fertilizer sources were discovered.
		William Crookes, chemist and physicist, born in London.
	www.acmi.net.au /AIC/CROOKES_BIO.html (498 words)

	William Crookes
		Crookes, Sir William 1832-1919, man of science, was born in London 17 June 1832, the eldest son of Joseph Crookes, a tailor of north-country origin, by his second wife, Mary Scott.
		The method of spectrum analysis, introduced by Bunsen and Kirchhoff, was received by Crookes with great enthusiasm, and, on applying it to the examination of the seleniferous deposit from a sulphuric acid factory, he discovered an unknown green line in the spectrum.
		It remained for (Sir) J. Thomson to discover their subatomic nature, and to prove that cathode rays consist of streams of negative electrons, that is, of negatively electrified particles whose mass is only 1/1,800 that of the atom of hydrogen.
	www.chem.ox.ac.uk /icl/heyes/LanthAct/Biogs/Crookes.html (1549 words)

	ESD Journal - crookes saw a new world
		In 1903 Sir William Crookes was experimenting in his London laboratory with the fluorescence of alpha particles on a zinc sulfide screen when he accidentally spilled some of the radium he was using as his alpha source.
		When it neared the screen Crookes observed that the flashes looked like a "turbulent, luminous sea", being so close together and of such luminosity that he was unable to distinguish the separate particles.
		Crookes called his new invention the Spinthariscope which he derived from the Greek work 'scintillation', taking it from Homer's Hymn to Apollo.
	www.radjournal.com /articles/crookes.htm (526 words)

	Crookes, Sir William - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		CROOKES, SIR WILLIAM [Crookes, Sir William] 1832-1919, English chemist and physicist.
		Crookes devised spectacles to protect the eyes of glassworkers from damaging rays.
		One of his chief inventions is the Crookes tube, with which J. Thomson, W. Roentgen, R. Millikan, and others conducted important research.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/C/Crookes.asp (292 words)

	BookRags: William Crookes, Sir Biography
		The English chemist and physicist Sir William Crookes discovered the element thallium and invented the radiometer, the spinthariscope, and the Crookes tube.
		William Crookes was born in London on June 17, 1832.
		Crookes also made useful contributions to the study of radioactivity in 1903 by developing the spinthariscope, a device for studying alpha particles.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/william-crookes-sir-woc (437 words)

	fUSION Anomaly. William Crookes
		Crookes, Sir William (1832-1919), British chemist and physicist, born in London.
		Crookes conducted research in a number of fields; his achievements include discovering the element thallium and developing a sodium amalgamation
		Sir William Crookes, inventor of the X-ray cathode tube, was one of the founders of the English Society for Psychical Research, created to explore the burgeoning 'spiritualist' movement of the late 1800s.)
	fusionanomaly.net /williamcrookes.html (345 words)

	Crookes tube - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		CROOKES TUBE [Crookes tube] device invented by Sir William Crookes (c.1875) consisting essentially of a sealed glass tube from which nearly all the air has been removed and through the walls of which are passed two electrodes.
		When a high voltage is applied between the two electrodes, electrons are emitted from the cathode and are accelerated toward the anode.
		The Crookes tube was used by Crookes in a number of experiments and was later used in experiments leading to the discovery of X rays by W. Roentgen (1895) and of the electron by J. Thomson (1897).
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/C/Crookest.asp (241 words)

	Biography of Crookes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Born in England, Crookes entered the Royal College of Chemistry at the age of sixteeen.
		Using the spectroscope invented by Bunsen and Kirchoff, Crookes examined residues from a sulfuric acid plant for the presence of selenium and possibly tellurium.
		Crookes also established the identity of the helium discovered by Ramsay as identical to that discovered by Lockyer in the sun, and studied radioactivity and rarified gases.
	genchem.chem.wisc.edu /lab/PTL/PTL/BIOS/crookes.htm (159 words)

	Modern Spiritualism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Her investigator was none other than William (later Sir William) Crookes, whose work on the cathode ray tube was a precursor of television, and who’s almost fanatical interest in Spiritualism was almost to ruin his reputation, especially his work with Florence Cook.
		The celebrated scientist Sir William Crookes had been impressed by the psychic abilities of the Fox sisters, and now he turned his attention to D D. Home, in fact Crookes was already a Spiritualist.
		Sir William immediately went into the cabinet and found Florence Cook, clad in her customary fl velvet dress, lying across the sofa.
	www.kjbbn.net /modern_spiritualism.htm (2602 words)

	The Campaign for Philosophical Freedom
		Sir William Crookes was able to wipe the floor with contemporary professional wreckers who dared to attack him.
		Genuine scientists are banned from supporting the work of Sir William Crookes in the press and on every radio and television programme that is made on the so-called paranormal.
		Recent discoveries in subatomic physics confirm that Sir William Crookes was correct in his conclusions, and that he was not a liar, cheat, crank, a fraud or a sex maniac as we have been criminally led to believe.
	www.cfpf.org.uk /articles/scientists/crookes/crookes.html (795 words)

	Crookes, William (1832-1919)
		William Crookes entered the Royal College of Chemistry in Hanover Square, London, when he was fifteen.
		Crookes colleagues expected him to expose the phenomena he witnessed, but they were shocked when he concluded that what Home did was real.
		The grave of Sir William Crookes at Brompton Cemetery, London.
	www.xs4all.nl /~androom/biography/p002761.htm (357 words)

	THE SOCIETY FOR PSYCHICAL RESEARCH & OTHER EARLY INVESTIGATORS
		Crookes was born in London in 1832 and was largely self-taught, with no regular schooling, until he enrolled in the Royal College of Chemistry at age 16.
		Crookes went on to serve on scientific committees, earned prestigious awards for his discoveries and invented an instrument which would be used to study subatomic particles, and yet he never wavered in his belief in Spiritualism.
		In 1916, after the death of his wife, Crookes attempted to communicate with her and was unsuccessful, but after a visit to a spirit photographer, he was able to obtain what he believed to be photographic proof that her presence was still with him.
	www.prairieghosts.com /spr.html (3167 words)

	Crookes Sir William - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Crookes, Sir William (1832-1919), British chemist and physicist, born in London and educated at the Royal College of Chemistry.
		Cathode Ray, a high-speed electron emitted by the negative electrode of a vacuum tube when an electric current is passed through it.
		The first X-ray tube was the Crookes tube, a partially evacuated glass bulb containing two electrodes, named after its designer, the British chemist...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Crookes_Sir_William.html (114 words)

	Crookes Mineral Fluorescence Tube (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Some years before J.J. Thomson’s landmark discovery of the electron in 1897, Crookes used a fluorescence tube to demonstrate that some particle of matter was traveling from the cathode to the target object, causing it to fluoresce.
		In this mineral fluorescence tube, handmade in the United States by an American scientific glassblower, a piece of calcium tungstate, the same mineral used in x-ray fluoroscopic screens, is handsomely bezeled inside the bell of the tube.
		We also offer reproductions of two other Crookes vacuum discharge tubes, Sir William Crookes’ important Y tube as well as a tube containing a uranium glass bird drinking from a plasma fountain.
	people.clarityconnect.com /webpages2/arcsandsparks/mineraltube.html (233 words)

	William Crookes - A Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		He explained the reasons for his inquiry: ‘I consider it the duty of scientific men who have learnt exact modes of working to examine phenomena which attract the attention of the public, in order to confirm their genuineness or to explain, if possible, the delusions of the dishonest and to expose the tricks of deceivers’.
		By his own account Crookes had originally, ‘like other men who thought little of the matter and saw little’, taken Spiritualism to be superstition and trickery; he stressed that his aim would be to substitute a strictly scientific appraisal ‘for the loose claims of the pseudo-scientific Spiritualists’.
		Many believed that Crookes would expose the phenomena he witnessed, but this rapid conversion to the ranks of believers surprised the public and shocked his scientific colleagues.
	www.sgny.org /main/Biographies/bio_WC.htm (617 words)

	A story about how Wilhelm Rontgen saw x-rays
		Fournier d’Albe, Crooke's biographer, went so far as to claim that all the physical phenomena of spiritualism were ultimately based on the work of Sir William (Hall 1984).
		Within days of this embarrassing episode, Florence approached the renowned William Crookes, who had recently investigated another medium by the name of Daniel Home, to request that he perform an impartial scientific investigation into the phenomena occurring at her séances.
		If it is true that Crookes compromised his scientific integrity for Florence, he was ultimately left with nothing to show for it - she left him as soon as he was no longer useful.
	www.orau.org /ptp/articlesstories/crookesspectral.htm (1014 words)

	Science and Society Picture Library - Search
		Sir William Crookes, English chemist and physicist, c 1905.
		Sir William Crookes, English chemist and physicist, 1850.
		Sir William Crookes, English chemist and physicist, c 1875.
	www.scienceandsociety.co.uk /results.asp?txtkeys1=Tube (154 words)

	I want to show you a picture of two people
		Crookes died in 1915 and Lodge died in 1940.
		CROOKES AND LODGE WERE RIGHT ON William Crookes and Oliver Lodge were trying to tell us the same thing though not with the knowledge of quantum physics.
		And so when William Crookes and Oliver Lodge have people who have died appear or communicate with them, they are simply getting on the proper frequency where these people continue on in the parallel universe.
	www.hiddenmeanings.com /deathvoices.htm (7842 words)

	Geissler and Crookes Tubes
		Sir William Crookes improved upon Geissler's technology so these are sometimes referred to as "Crookes Tubes".
		Sir Crookes declined due to a previous engagement at a seance.
		It was unclear to me if he was taking electrical equipment to the seance, but it was my impression is that he was going to perform experiments.
	www.oneillselectronicmuseum.com /page9.html (391 words)

	The Crookes Spinthariscope
		Sir William Crookes, the very picture of Victorian elegance, was entertaining himself by observing the fluorescence that alpha rays from radium produced on a zinc sulfide screen (Romer 1960).
		Crookes described the effect of such an adjustment as follows: "on bringing the radium nearer the screen the scintillations become more numerous and brighter, until when close together the flashes follow each other so quickly that the surface looks like a turbulent, luminous sea."
		Such a miraculous instrument required a suitably wondrous name and Crookes obliged: "I propose to call this little instrument the Spinthariscope from the Greek word scintillation." To Lawrence Badash (1964), it was only natural that the eloquent Sir William chose the name from Homer's Hymn to the god Apollo.
	www.orau.org /ptp/articlesstories/spinstory.htm (805 words)

	essays research papers - Sir William Crookes
		Sir William Crookes was born June 17, 1832 in London.
		Crookes invented the radiometer in 1875 and beginning in 1878, investigated
		Sir William Crookes died at the age of 87 on
	www.123helpme.com /view.asp?id=96863 (534 words)

	William Crookes - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		William Crookes - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		As scientists began to accept atomic theory, researchers turned their efforts to understanding the electrical properties of the atom.
		Crookes, Sir William: illustration of cathode-ray tube invented by Crookes
	encarta.msn.com /William_Crookes.html (89 words)

	ISS: Sir William Crookes: Dr Charles Richet
		There was then a dramatic scene at which Sir William Crookes was present.
		Miss Cook awoke and with tears besought Katie to remain with her, but in vain; Katie of the white robe disappeared.
		Crookes held up the fainting medium and Katie was seen no more.
	www.survivalafterdeath.org /experiments/richet/crookes.htm (1467 words)

	Crookes Tube - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Crookes Tube - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		Crookes Tube, device for the production of a beam of high-speed electrons.
		Invented by the British chemist and physicist Sir William Crookes, the...
	au.encarta.msn.com /Crookes_Tube.html (109 words)

	Writings by Sir William Crookes on Psychical Research, 1898
		The following two articles, forming portions of addresses to the British Association for the Advancement of Science and to the Society for Psychical Research, delivered in each case by their president, Prof.
		William Crookes, contain, however, speculations so weighty and ingeniously illustrated that an exception is here made in their favor, but it is to be repeated that they are not presented as demonstrated fact.
		From a report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1898.
	www.oneillselectronicmuseum.com /crookesnotes1.html (375 words)

	Amazon.com: crookes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Crookes and the spirit world;: A collection of writings by or concerning the work of Sir William Crookes, O.M., F.R.S., in the field of psychical research by William Crookes (Unknown Binding - 1972)
		Crookes and the spirit world; (Frontiers of the unknown) by William Crookes (Unknown Binding - 1972)
		Crookes -- Find Deals on crookes and other Home and Garden at DealTime.
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&search-alias=aps&keywords=crookes&page=1 (453 words)

	Sir William Crookes
		Utilizing this principle he constructed the radiometer, which he was at first disposed to regard as a machine that directly transformed light into motion, but which was afterwards perceived to depend on thermal action.
		From there he was led to his famous researches on the phenomena produced by the discharge of electricity through highly exhausted tubes (sometimes known as "Crookes' tubes" in consequence), and to the development of his theory of "radiant matter" or matter in a "fourth state", which led up to the modern electronic theory.
		In 1883 he began an inquiry into the nature and constitution of the rare earths.
	www.nndb.com /people/965/000100665 (354 words)

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