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	American Rights at Work: Glossary of Labor Terms, J-S
		A lockout is the employer counterpart of a strike and is used primarily to pressure employees to accept the employer’s terms in a new contract.
		After the strike has ended, if there is no back-to-work agreement reached between the union and the employer, employees replaced during the strike are put on a preferential hiring list and must wait for openings to occur.
		Strikes, picketing, boycotts, or other activities directed by a union against an employer with whom it has no dispute, in order to pressure that employer to stop doing business with, or to bring pressure against another employer with whom the union does have a dispute.
	www.americanrightsatwork.org /resources/glossary2.cfm (2361 words)

	[No title]
		It is illegal for a striking union to explicitly solicit the support of another union in the form of a sympathy strike.
		A strike at a metal-stamping plant in Flint, MI and a strike at a Delphi auto parts plant in the same town in June of 1998 resulted in 26 of 29 GM assembly plants and over 100 parts plants being affected by these two local strikes, idling 152,000 workers.
		A Sympathy Strike is a strike by workers in a union that is not having a dispute with a company, but the strike is carried on in support of a union that is and is on strike against that company.
	www.mtsu.edu /~cbaum/451topic12.doc (2701 words)

	Flint Sit-Down Strike Organization
		Strikes had been attempted in Flint in 1930 and 1934, but had been viciously broken up by company stooges and the Flint police force.
		Henry Kraus feels that the necessity of a strike was recognized as early as 1935.
		On December 29, word came to Travis that the company, in anticipation of a strike, was removing from the Fisher II plant the huge dies that were used for casting car bodies.
	www.historicalvoices.org /flint/organization.php (1069 words)

	strikes \| libcom.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The strike had the first picket line violence between police and strikers since 1989, and was defeated, but still has some important lessons.
		Casual workers strike in the schools of Marseilles, 2003
		This text is an account of one week of strikes among casual workers in schools in Marseilles, within the context of a small movement of casual workers in education.
	libcom.org /tags/strikes?page=7 (322 words)

	Sitdown strike - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A wave of sit-down strikes followed, but diminished by the end of the decade as the courts and the National Labor Relations Board held that sit-down strikes were illegal and sit-down strikers could be fired.
		French workers engaged in a number of factory occupations in the wake of the French student revolt in May, 1968.
		At one point more than twenty-five percent of French workers were on strike, many of them occupying their factories.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sitdown_strike (310 words)

	A G.M. Stockholder Visits Flint
		The sitdown strike involving 1,500 to 2,000 workers started at Fisher 1, when it appeared that the management was loading dies and special machinery into box cars to be shifted to other cities.
		The sitdown strike spread to Fisher Body 2, where from 400 to 600 men were involved.
		The General Motors strike of 1937 may prove to be historic inasmuch as it has acclimated the sitdown strike in this country as a weapon of industrial conflict.
	newdeal.feri.org /nation/na37144p123.htm (1683 words)

	Untitled Document
		The Seattle General Strike is sometimes referred to as a sympathetic strike because the men showed their support to the shipyard strikers.
		The sitdown strike was much more effective than the steel strike or the Seattle General strike because cars were not a necessity.
		In the general strike, not everyone was on strike; some had to continue to do their jobs.
	www.assumption.edu /users/McClymer/his261/SitDownNotes.html (1296 words)

	[No title]
		That strike won autoworkers their first instances of union representation by unions of their own choice and lead to the unionization of many industrial workers in the USA.
		When many women were confused by the strike and upset by the loss of their husbands' time and income, Genora and other active women took up to explain the importance of the strike to these women.
		And, as the older sitdowners died in recent years, Genora often sent a message of remembrance to be published in The Searchlight of the role they played in the strike and through the years.
	www.ais.org /~jrh/acn/text/acn7-2.articles/acn7-2.14.txt (1010 words)

	Future of the Union www.futureoftheunion.com » Blog Archive » UAW To Celebrate Sitdown Strike Today (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The UAW Sitdown Strike will be remembered and celebrated today and UAW Region 1-C will unveil a new arch in Sitdowners Memorial Park.
		Her dad was the vice chairman of the sitdown strike at Fisher Body Plant No. 1.
		The times were tough, but she says once the strike ended, they had a sense of the historical impact.
	futureoftheunion.com /?p=3142 (364 words)

	Progressive Labor Party pamphlet, 'The Great Flint Sit-Down Strike Against GM, 1936-37' (1965 edition)
		The Flint strike was preceded by a fresh wave of unionization, born of desperate conditions, that swept through the masses of working people.
		Even those workers who were not on strike and not in the union let it be known, by their presence at demonstrations and picket lines, that their sympathies were with the sit-downers.
		On the 23rd ten strikes were won in a single day and Chrysler offered increases in all departments, while agreeing to negotiate a contract with the UAW for its 75,000 -workers.
	www.plp.org /pamphlets/flintstrike.html (18578 words)

	Wisconsin monument honors all sitdowners - November 2000 Solidarity
		Janesville GM was actually the site of two strikes in 1936-37--a sitdown coinciding with the Flint strike and another shutdown that took place nine days later.
		When the strike was won, Janesville workers returned to work Feb. 17--but about 65 walked out again on Feb. 26 to protest the suspension of a worker sporting a UAW button.
		George Butler, a veteran of the Janesville sitdown strike, expressed appreciation for the monument, noting the "hard times" that led to the strike and the positive changes that GM workers won by sitting down.
	www.uaw.org /solidarity/00/1100/union06.html (247 words)

	Presenting John P. Frey
		This man who now assails the sitdown strike as a threat to democratic process in trade unionism has all his life been engaged in stifling rank-and-file efforts and crushing democracy out of the labor movement.
		At the moment Frey himself is unable to devote his full time to deploring the G. sitdown strike because he is having to give part of it to assisting J. Morgan, Myron Taylor, Charles Schwab, E. Weir, and the rest of the steel barons in carrying forward an employers' sitdown strike.
		As a result of their strike the Navy Department is about to have to stop work on two submarines building at its Portsmouth yards and probably will have to stop work or other war craft.
	newdeal.feri.org /nation/na37144p176.htm (1186 words)

	Reuther Research Great Flint Sitdown
		The Flint Sitdown began on December 30, 1936 when UAW leaders decided to call a strike against GM.
		The goal of the strike was simple: GM recognition of the UAW.
		Children of Sitdown strikers parading in Flint on February 3, 1937.
	www.reuther.wayne.edu /research/sitdown.html (294 words)

	Good work strike \| libcom.org
		Instead of a conventional strike, workers with demands that the bosses are unwilling to meet can collectively decide to have a good work strike.
		One of the biggest problems for service industry workers is that many forms of direct action, such as go-slows, end up hurting the consumer (mostly fellow workers) more than the boss.
		In New York City, USA, Industrial Workers of the World restaurant workers, after losing a strike, won some of their demands by heeding the advice of IWW organisers to "pile up the plates, give 'em double helpings, and figure the checks (bills) on the low side."
	libcom.org /organise/workplace/articles/good-work-strike.php (324 words)

	Amazon.com: Strike!: Revised and Updated Edition (South End Press Classics Series): Books: Jeremy Brecher (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Strike, is not a history of the American labor movements.
		Often mass strikes take hold in times of general political upheaval, understanding the relationship between mass strikes and other social change struggles seems to me to be an essential and missed point in the book.
		During the first mass strikes in the 1880's workers were demanding fundamental autonomy and the dismantling the very system of corporations and trusts.
	www.amazon.com /Strike-Revised-Updated-South-Classics/dp/0896085694 (2059 words)

	The Origins of the Union Shop
		Workers had poured into the CIO industrial unions during the sitdown strike wave of 1937 but many dropped out when the recession of the late '30s made it difficult for unions to make gains against the employers.
		In smashing the strike with troops, and threatening strikers with induction into the army, FDR sent a strong message to the CIO leaders that their organizations were at risk if they allowed disruption of his program for imperialist war.
		The use of wildcat strikes to circumvent the slow and bureaucratic grievance procedures was a commonplace in CIO workplaces of that era, however.
	www.workersolidarity.org /unionshop.htm (4257 words)

	TIME.com: Coming Alive -- Jan. 13, 1967 -- Page 1
		Before the strike was five hours old, the police, at the behest of the Labor Ministry, dropped charges against all six labor leaders and released them.
		The strike in Madrid was not an isolated case.
		No strike that had the slightest political overtones would be allowed, and no strike of any kind could be called until labor leaders had gone through weeks of mediation and complicated bureaucratic process to obtain government permission.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,843238,00.html (774 words)

	uaw gm flint sit down strike 1937
		The agreement that lead to their future negotiations as I understand them are that we leave the plants and that General Motors do not remove dies or parts and do not attempt to resume operations in any of the strike bound plants during the fifteen days of negotiations.
		Food cooked in the union halls is handed to the sitdown strikers.
		McIntyre of the Detroit News was down in front and said the strike was settled.
	gm-flint-sit-down-strike-blog-journal.blogspot.com (5939 words)

	[No title]
		GUATEMALAN PRISONERS ON SITDOWN STRIKE A total of 687 inmates at the Granja Penal Pavon de Fraijanes prison outside Guatemala City began a sitdown strike on Feb. 10 to demand better food, the reinstallation of public telephones in the facility, study programs and other benefits.
		They are also demanding to be paid--as established by law--for their labor in prison, and are demanding a complete audit of the prison system's finances, with the prosecution of any past or present personnel involved in theft and corruption.
		Thousands of university workers and nurses ended their strike when the agreement was reached, and members of some 15 unions--grouped in the National Front for the Defense of Special Pensions (FRENDE)-- called off their picket lines.
	www.tulane.edu /~libweb/RESTRICTED/WEEKLY/1997_0216.txt (5141 words)

	Michigan: Sit-Down Strike (Local Legacies: Celebrating Community Roots - Library of Congress)
		The sit-down strike of 1936-1937 in Flint, Michigan, lasted only 44 days, but its impact would alter the course of the industrial labor movement forever.
		The outcome of this strike affirmed the right of labor to collective bargaining and recognized the importance of human dignity to all workers.
		Along with audiotape interview of Robert Keith, one of the strikers, with an accompanying transcript of the interview, the project also includes a short history of the strike, historic photographs of the strike and contemporary portraits of the strikers, and the exhibition catalog entitled: "The Flint Sit-Down Strike of 1936-1937: Witnesses and Warriors."
	lcweb2.loc.gov /cocoon/legacies/MI/200003142.html (209 words)

	Date: Thu, 1 Dec 1994 17:57:31 +0000 (GMT)
		These strikes followed close on the heels of the General Tire sitdown in Akron, which Dan Nelson calls the "first important sit-down strike in American industry, but there is no evidence that they were inspired by its example, or understood as a similar phenomenon.
		I recognize, of course, that one swallow does not make a summer--and I'm not really challenging the conventional account of the origins of the sitdown era, because what mattered then was the widespread reporting of events in Akron and elsewhere, and the demonstration effect of the tactic's success.
		When, in January 1937, sitdowns came to Philadelphia in force, and were participated in by masses of white skilled and solidly-unionized workers (at the Exide battery plant, in hosiery mills, in auto parts plants, in stove works...), their points of reference were Akron and, more immediately, Flint.
	www.dur.ac.uk /h.j.harris/RESEARCH/sitdown.htm (2084 words)

	Region 1C - White Shirt Day
		He wanted a way to honor the men and women who participated in the 1937 sitdown strike, which gained the UAW recognition as the sole bargaining agent for GM workers.
		White shirts are worn to work on the anniversary of the end of the strike.
		This action was intended to send a message to management that "blue collar" workers had earned the right to the same respect as their management counterparts.
	www.uaw.org /solidarity/rnews/r1c/00/r1cq1_8.html (236 words)

	Bargaining for Benefits
		What's more, if the boss didn't approve of a worker's lifestyle or politics -- or worse, if a worker showed signs of being interested in unions -- the worker could be fired on the spot.
		Unionists celebrate victory in the 1936 Flint sitdown strike.
		Strike by strike, the union made gains, including a minimum wage, a reduction in assembly-line speed, rules respecting seniority and fair pay for overtime work.
	www.uawdcx.com /worktog/bargaining.cfm (913 words)

	UAW Local 602 Online! - Doug Rademacher, President/Steve Bramos, Shop Chair - The Sitdowners Struggle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Inspired by the Flint strikes, other sitdowns are undertaken, with 3,800 workers sitting down on this date in the Cadillac plant in Detroit under the leadership of Walter Reuther
		Flint police use tear gas and bullets against the sitdowners and pickets outside Fisher Two, but are driven back with fire hoses and thrown door hinges.
		GM and the UAW representatives meet across the bargaining table for the first time since the sitdowns began.
	www.local602.org /Sitdowners.html (492 words)

	Re: 1966 Nationals -- Welcome to the IC Reveries Seniors Messageboard
		Even with this version of the story, one can see why the corps felt they were being treated poorly.
		History as made the judgement and the corps is forever rememberd for the sitdown strike, right or wrong.
		I marched with the junior corps that year and to this day, whenever I mention the corps name to an outsider, the sit down strike comes up.
	www.voy.com /46474/9.html (211 words)

	The Battle of Bull's Run
		It is not a matter of coincidence that all three male historians saw the strike through the male gender prism.
		They never sought out the role of the one female leader in the thick of the battle, yet, it was the active role of Genora Johnson that brought a successful conclusion to the battle; otherwise the continuation of the sitdown strike would have been imperiled.
		The first oral history of the battle was recorded By Sherna Gluck in 1976 as part of a joint Wayne State University Labor and Urban Affairs and the Bentley Library of the University of Michigan.
	www.marxists.org /history/etol/newspape/amersocialist/bullsrun.htm (1027 words)

	Three Strikes & The IWA in Canada - Book Review - 'Three Strikes: Miners, Musicians, Salesgirls, and the Fighting ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		While the great wave of sitdown strikes in the auto industry are better known, this uplifting story about a seven day occupation of a department store during the Great Depression was a joy to discover.
		In Without a Song: New York Musicians Strike Out Against Technology, the author explores the advent of sound in cinema, leading to the demise of the orchestras that supplied live music for silent films.
		The IWA in Canada is the story of 100 years in the life of the Industrial Wood and Allied Workers, a major industrial union; from its roots in the very dangerous logging industry, to its expansion into other sectors of the economy.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0JQV/is_8_31/ai_92614067 (650 words)

	Aviation's Sitdown Strike (The Nation, August 24, 1940)
		Aviation's Sitdown Strike (The Nation, August 24, 1940)
		During the last war defense industries in the U.S. were not allowed to write off their new plants at the expense of the Treasury.
		You must be logged in to view your articles.
	www.thenation.com /archive/detail/13492879 (154 words)

	I Want to be a Human Being
		I am not denigrating the work of the strike kitchen squad of women, who also joined the auxiliary once it was organized.
		Kermit Johnson, in conjunction with the workers’ educational classes taught by Roy Reuther in 1934 and ’35, was involved in pre-CIO efforts before union organizers were assigned to Flint by the UAW board.
		But his major contribution was, that it was Kermit, as the only Plant #4 member on the strike strategy committee, who drew up the original plan for the taking of that plant.
	www.marxists.org /history/etol/newspape/amersocialist/gdollinger03.htm (4800 words)

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