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Topic: Sitka Spruce

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	Sitka Spruce
		Sitka spruce is one of the tallest conifers, it can attain heights of more than 80 metres and can live for about 8 centuries.
		In later experiments it was found that Sitka Spruce which had grown slow, creating many growth rings per inch of wood has a tonal quality which is perfect for musical instrument tops, such as guitars and basses.
		Further investigation has shown that Sitka Spruce laminated front and back with solid wood veneers produces a top for hardbody guitars that is unmatchable for beauty, and strength, and seems to add to the instruments' tonal appeal.
	www.alaskatonewood.com /sitkaspruce.htm (243 words)

	Tree Book - Sitka spruce (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The largest known Sitka spruce is 93 metres tall and 5 metres across.
		Sitka spruce is valued for its wood, which is light, soft, and relatively strong and flexible.
		Sitka spruce has been introduced into Britain and northern Europe, where it is now widely grown.
	www.for.gov.bc.ca /hfd/library/documents/treebook/sitkaspruce.htm (427 words)

	Sitka Spruce Species Description (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Sitka spruce, located in good growing conditions, can reach over 200 feet in height, and the bole can well exceed five feet in diameter at breast height.
		Along with conifer species such as hemlock and the true firs, Sitka spruce is known in the wood products industry as a "white wood." This is due to the bright coloration of the wood produced from these species — as opposed to the yellowish coloration characteristic of wood from Douglas fir, cedar and ponderosa pine.
		During the Second World War Sitka spruce was used extensively by the British for the frame of the Mosquito fighter-bomber.
	www.hylebos.org /statepark/Spruce.htm (733 words)

	SITKA SPRUCE
		Sitka spruce is an early pioneer species on the young Inceptisols and Entisols associated with glacial retreat and uplift from the sea.
		The spruce aphid (Elatobium abietinum) and the spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) are a pest from throughout the range of Sitka spruce.
		The MOR of Sitka spruce grown in the United States is 5,700 and 10,200 psi for green and dry wood, respectively.
	www.forestry.auburn.edu /sfnmc/class/ss.html (2533 words)

	Washington's Coast: Plants - Sitka Spruce (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Sitka spruce, Picea sitchensis, is a large conifer often found near the ocean.
		Sitka spruce, among the world's largest trees, grow in a 2,100 mile strip along the Pacific coast.
		The largest Sitka spruce on the Pacific coast grow in Washington's glacial valleys such as the Queets, Hoh, and Quinalt.
	www.ecy.wa.gov /programs/sea/coast/plants/sitka.html (209 words)

	Sitka Spruce (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Sitka spruce is expanding its range southwestward on Kodiak Island and the Alaska Peninsula, invading dense shrub-tundra vegetation.
		The range limit of Sitka spruce is out of equilibrium with climate, as indicated by the survival of Sitka spruce plantations on several Aleutian Islands and the lack of correlation between annual ring growth and climate on Kodiak Island.
		The rate of Sitka spruce advance west of Icy Cape continued at a slow rate, probably because establishment of individual trees and expansion of individual forest stands was limited by competition with the well-established shrub-tundra vegetation.
	www.cgc.uaf.edu /Newsletter/gg5_1/spruce.html (616 words)

	Colonial Tonewoods - Sitka Spruce (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Sitka Spruce is the primary topwood for Martin Guitars.
		Sitka Spruce is the tallest conifer in North America.
		Sitka is an excellent choice of topwood for players whose style demands a wide dynamic response and a robust, meaty tone.
	www.colonialtonewoods.com /pages/sitkaspruce.htm (409 words)

	Focus on a Riparian tree: Sitka spruce (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Sitka spruce, Western Washington's only native lowland spruce is easily recognized by employing the "prickle test," wherein one cautiously closes a hand around the suspect tree's foliage.
		In Washington, Sitka spruce is typically a low elevation species of coasts and river valleys, although I have found a few at 2000 feet on Sumas Mountain.
		In riparian plantings, Sitka spruce may be the most versatile of trees as it tolerates a wide range of conditions.
	www.n-sea.org /fishtale/winter2001/Sitka.shtml (522 words)

	Cypress Woodworks-Sitka spruce
		Sitka spruce is reported to be the primary source of timber in Alaska.
		Sitka spruce is reported to have one of the highest strength-to-weight ratios.
		Flynn Jr., J.H. Picea sitchensis - Sitka spruce.
	www.cypresswoodworks.com /Sitka_spruce.html (659 words)

	NPR : Killing the Golden Spruce
		Sitka spruce have a high tolerance for salt spray and they often serve as the first line of defense between the sea and the forest; their great size and strength breaks storm-driven winds that can lay waste to lesser species.
		Sitka spruce is the world’s largest and longest-lived species of spruce; it can live for more than 800 years and grow to heights exceeding 300 feet, which is tall even for a redwood.
		As it is, despite as much as 750 years of fertility, a typical Sitka spruce may produce only a dozen offspring that survive to maturity.
	www.npr.org /templates/story/story.php?storyId=4679760 (1253 words)

	Sitka Spruce
		Sitka is also noted for its high strength to weight ratio, moderate stiffness, being conducive to steam bending, and good stability in service.
		Moreover, Sitka is one of the easiest woods to have been cut, glued, and finished.
		Because of Sitka's long fibers and pale color it is suitable for use in general boat construction.
	www.ravenwoodservices.com /sitkaspruce.htm (238 words)

	Forestry Commission - Sitka spruce
		The Sitka Spruce is named after a place called Sitka in Alaska although its natural range is all along the coast of NW America.
		Sitka spruce has a yield class of 14 (14 cubic metres per hectare per year); Oak can be as low as 4.
		Sitka Spruce do, however, give excellent shelter from wind, rain, cold and sometimes the heat of the sun.
	www.forestry.gov.uk /forestry/infd-5nlej6 (554 words)

	Forestry Commission - Sitka spruce
		The Sitka Spruce is named after a place called Sitka in Alaska although its natural range is all along the coast of NW America.
		Sitka spruce has a yield class of 14 (14 cubic metres per hectare per year); Oak can be as low as 4.
		Sitka Spruce do, however, give excellent shelter from wind, rain, cold and sometimes the heat of the sun.
	forestry.gov.uk /website/oldsite.nsf/byunique/infd-5nlej6?Open&... (554 words)

	Sitka City and Borough, Alaska - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sitka City and Borough is a city-borough located on the west side of Baranof Island in the Alexander Archipelago of the Pacific Ocean (part of the Alaska Panhandle), in the U.S. state of Alaska.
		Following their victory at the Battle of Sitka the Russians established a permanent settlement in the form of a fort, named "Novo-Arkhangelsk" (or "New Archangel," a reference to the largest city in the region where Baranov was born).
		Sitka was the site of the ceremony in which the Russian flag was lowered and the United States flag raised after Alaska was purchased by the United States in 1867 after the sea otter pelt trade died out.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sitka,_Alaska (2296 words)

	Sitka Spruce - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Sitka Spruce (Picea sitchensis) is a large evergreen tree growing to 50-70 m tall, exceptionally to 96 m tall, and with a trunk diameter of up to 5 m.
		Sitka Spruce is native to the west coast of North America, with its northwestern limit on Kodiak Island, Alaska, and its southeastern limit near Fort Bragg in northern California (Griffin and Critchfield 1972).
		Sitka Spruce is of major importance in forestry for timber and paper production.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sitka_Spruce (809 words)

	SinLur Gardens: Picea sitchensis
		Sitka Spruce is also known as the Coast Spruce, Tideland Spruce, or Yellow Spruce, plus a couple names that never caught on much at all, Menzie's Spruce or Silver Spruce.
		As one of the tallest trees in the world, & the world's largest spruce, Sitkas are commonly 125 feet tall but only three to five feet in diameter & thin-barked.
		Sitka spruces, as well as the even more easily blown over Western Hemlock, have a fascinating adaptation to being blown down.
	www.paghat.com /sitkaspruce.html (850 words)

	History of Sitka :: Alaska Ocean View
		Sitka is absolutely beautiful and offers nearly all of the amenities and conveniences available elsewhere including an Alaska Marine Highway ferry terminal and an airport served by Alaska Airlines, a major west coast airline home based in Seattle.
		Sitka, the land of rainbows, is a photographer's, painter's and artist's paradise.
		Sitka Summer Music Festival: In June gifted musicians from around the world perform gather in Sitka to perform the best in professional chamber music in at scenic Harrigan Centennial Hall with its glass backdrop showcasing majestic snow-capped mountains, soaring bald eagles, and gliding fishing vessels; the setting is as unforgettable as the music.
	www.sitka-alaska-lodging.com /sitka-alaska-lodging.htm (1200 words)

	Nearctica - Native Conifers of North America - Picea sitchensis
		Brewer Spruce has flattened needles, but the cones are purple and the apices of the cone scales are evenly rounded, not elongate.
		Measurements: Sitka Spruce is the tallest spruce species in the world; average height of mature individuals is 90 to 150 feet, although individuals well over 200 feet have been reported; diameter at breast height is 3 to 5 feet.
		Habitat: Sitka Spruces is restricted to the coastal region of the Pacific Northwest.
	www.nearctica.com /trees/conifer/picea/Psitch.htm (533 words)

	picea sitchensis english
		Distribution: Sitka spruce is native to the Pacific Coast region from southern Alaska (Kodiak Island and Cook Inlet), southeast through southeastern Alaska, western British Columbia, western Washington, western Oregon and northwestern California.
		General Wood Characteristics: The sapwood of Sitka spruce is a creamy white to light yellow, while the heartwood is pinkish yellow to brown.
		Durability: Sitka spruce is rated as slightly or nonresistant to heartwood decay (14).
	www2.fpl.fs.fed.us /TechSheets/SoftwoodNA/htmlDocs/piceasitchen.html (470 words)

	Alaska State Tree Sitka Spruce Picea sitchensis
		After attaining statehood, a state fish (Chinook salmon) and a state tree (Sitka spruce) were the first new symbols to be brought on board by the Alaska State Legislature.
		The legislation was approved and the Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) became the official tree of the state on February 28, 1962.
		The Sitka spruce (picea sitchensis), which is recognized as the most valuable tree species in Alaska and which is found in both national forests of the state, is the official tree of the state
	www.netstate.com /states/symb/trees/ak_sitka_spruce.htm (618 words)

	Spruce - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Spruce (etymologically from Polish "z Prus" meaning "from Prussia") refers to trees of the Genus Picea, a genus of about 35 species of coniferous evergreen trees in the Family Pinaceae, found in the northern temperate and boreal (taiga) regions of the earth.
		Spruces are large trees, from 20–60 (–95) m tall when mature, and can be distinguished by their whorled branches and conical form.
		Spruce wood, often called whitewood, is used for many purposes, ranging from general construction work and crates to highly specialised uses in wooden aircraft and stringed musical instruments including guitars, mandolins, cellos, and violins.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spruce (552 words)

	Jean Larrivee Guitars USA Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Sitka, which is only one member of the spruce family, has long been used for musical instruments because of it's density, clarity, color, and most importantly sound.
		Spruce, which is related to the pine family of trees, is an evergreen tree which is a major source of pulpwood for paper and has been used in construction of homes and furniture for hundreds of years.
		With the blocks of spruce cut, we now have to slice the soundboards out of the block by hand (This is done by hand to get the highest possible yield).
	www.larrivee.com /html/features/education/sitka/sitka.html (1013 words)

	Sitka Spruce
		Sitka Spruce is a frequent host to the spruce weevil whose offspring will kill new growth
		Sitka Spruce usually found from sea level to 700 metres
		Sitka Spruce average 70 metres tall and 2 metres in diameter
	www.bcadventure.com /adventure/wilderness/forest/sitka.htm (191 words)

	Spruce (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		spruce is the traditional wood for guitar soundboards, although quality material is in short supply.
		Considered to be the holy grail in top woods, Adirondack or Red spruce is one of the most difficult woods to obtain in decent quality.
		In other words an AA grade red spruce (or Adirondack) top is similar in appearance and quality to any other AA grade spruce top, be it Sitka, European, or Engelmann.
	www.alliedlutherie.com /spruces.htm (890 words)

	ForestLearn: Western Hemlock/Sitka Spruce Forests (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Sitka spruce sometimes grows in pure stands but is more commonly mixed with western hemlock, western redcedar, Douglas-fir, red alder, and lodgepole pine (commonly called shore pine along the coast).
		Hemlock and spruce seedlings often establish on rotting tree logs called “nurse logs.” Straight lines of trees originally established on the same log are commonly seen.
		Plantations are commonly invaded by western hemlock, Sitka spruce, and red alder, resulting in mixed stands.
	www.forestlearn.org /watershed/forest_types/pisi.htm (270 words)

	Bear Claw Sitka Spruce (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Bear Claw Sitka Spruce is the best known and most widely used top wood for guitar soundboard's.
		Sitka Spruce grows in the United States and is usually available in the "Bearclaw" variety, but not always.
		Bearclaw is a natural aberration that many people and Luthiers find very beautiful to view, yet it has no impact upon the tone of the instrument.
	www.colonialtonewoods.com /pages/bearclawsitkaspruce.html (245 words)

	sitka trails
		It is steep in the beginning with an elevation gain of 250 feet spread over several switchbacks passing through an open forest of hemlock, Sitka spruce and yellow cedar.
		The trail begins on the floodplain of the Indian River among huge Sitka spruce and western hemlock.
		The well-maintained trail is in Sitka spruce-western hemlock forest and parallels the shoreline of the Eastern Channel.
	www.fs.fed.us /r10/tongass/recreation/rec_facilities/sitkatrails.html (3293 words)

	Nearctica - Native Conifers of North America - Picea glauca
		The cones of Sitka Spruce are longer (2.5 to 4 inches) than those of White Spruce (1 to.
		The needles of White Spruce are diamond-shaped in cross section, but those of Sitka Spruce are much flatter.
		The Norway Spruce is not a native conifer and the cones are much larger and longer (4 to7 inches) than those of White Spruce.
	www.nearctica.com /trees/conifer/picea/Pglauca.htm (581 words)

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