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Topic: Situational leadership theory

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	<H1><B>Fiedler's Contingency Theory of Leadership</B></H1>
		The favorableness of leadership situations should be assessed using the instruments developed by Fiedler (or, at the very least, by a subjective evaluation).
		If a leader is being sought for a particular leadership position, a leader with the appropriate LPC profile should be chosen (task-orientated for very favorable or very unfavorable situations and relationship-orientated for intermediate favorableness).
		If a leadership situation is being chosen for a particular candidate, a situation (work team, department, etc.) should be chosen which matches his/her LPC profile (very favorable or unfavorable for task-orientated leaders and intermediate favorableness for relationship-orientated leader).
	www.stfrancis.edu /ba/ghkickul/stuwebs/btopics/works/fied.htm (1502 words)

	Leading
		Theory Y's purpose is to encourage integration, to create a situation in which an employee can achieve his or her own goals best by directing his or her efforts toward the objectives of the organization.
		The Hersey-Blanchard Situational Leadership theory is based on the amount of direction (task behavior) and amount of socio-emotional support (relationship behavior) a leader must provide given the situation and the "level of maturity" of the followers.
		To determine the appropriate leadership style to use in a given situation, the leader must first determine the maturity level of the followers in relation to the specific task that the leader is attempting to accomplish through the effort of the followers.
	ollie.dcccd.edu /mgmt1374/book_contents/4directing/leading/lead.htm (3975 words)

	Situational leadership theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Situational leadership theories in organizational studies are a type of leadership theory, leadership style, and leadership model that presumes that different leadership styles are better in different situations, and that leaders must be flexible enough to adapt their style to the situation they are in.
		They created a model of situational leadership in the late 1960s that allows one to analyse the needs of the situation, then adopt the most appropriate leadership style.
		Blanchard and Hersey characterised leadership style in terms of the amount of direction and support that the leader provides to his or her followers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Situational_leadership_theory (1037 words)

	Leadership
		The functional leadership model conceives leadership as a set of behaviours that helps a group perform a task, reach their goal, or perform their function.
		In the path-goal model of leadership, developed jointly by Martin Evans and Robert House and based on the "Expectancy Theory of Motivation", a leader has the function of clearing the path toward the goal(s) of the group, by meeting the needs of subordinates.
		If we define leadership simply as "influencing others to some purpose" and we define followership as "becoming influenced by others to accept (willingly or un willingly) some purpose", then leadership and followership emerge as two sides of the same coin.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/l/le/leadership.html (6411 words)

	CGSC, Military Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		SLT was derived from the Life Cycle Theory of Leadership to develop a conceptual framework to pinpoint key situational variables.
		The situational leadership model rests on two concepts: one, that leader effectiveness results from using a behavioral style that is appropriate to the demands of the environment; and two, that leader effectiveness depends on learning to diagnose that environment.
		Situational leadership is a popular and widely used model that emphasizes using more than one leadership style, particularly in developing subordinates in the military.
	www.au.af.mil /au/awc/awcgate/milreview/yeakey.htm (6203 words)

	Situational Services
		The difference is that a theory is something that you construct to analyze or understand a given event, whereas a model is something that you can take out and replicate and use in a variety of different settings.
		You do not call Situational Leadership a theory, because a theory is targeted toward understanding; you prefer to call it a model, because a model is targeted toward use or application.
		Situational Leadership gives us a way as managers or as leaders to be just as professional as those who practice medicine or law.
	www.situational.net /Pages/interview.html (4052 words)

	W. Robert Sampson, Ph.D. -- Measures of Communication
		Situational Leadership Theory posits that the leader should adapt his or her leadership style to a follower's "readiness level" for a specific task.
		Situational Leadership Theory goes on to explain strategies for developing followers, the power bases necessary to support each leadership style, and how to intervene when readiness-levels are regressing (primarily when motivation or confidence are flagging).
		Situational Leadership and the LEAD questionnaire were widely used in management training in the 1980s and 1990s (Zorn and Violanti, 1993), and are still used by many organizations today.
	www.uwec.edu /Sampsow/Measures/Leadership-LEAD.htm (644 words)

	Leadership (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		But they still proposed leadership as a position of authority, with the authority split into three powers, the legislative, the executive, and the judiciary.That is, under the American theory, the authority of leadership derived from the power of the voters conveyed through the electoral college.
		In contrast to tolerating leadership as a position of authority, some highly successful organizations have adopted a pragmaticapproach when they found that the role of boss costs too much in team performance.
		That is,in some situations, the maintenance of the boss is too expensive by either draining the resources of the group as a whole orimpeding the creativity within the team, even unintentionally.
	www.therfcc.org /leadership-348.html (1258 words)

	Situational Leadership (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Leadership is defined as any attempt to influence the behavior of another individual or group.
		Situational Leadership may be used not only in a top down manner, but also as an attempt by a leader to influence superiors.
		Implicit in Situational Leadership is the idea that a leader should help followers grow in maturity as far as they are able and willing to go.
	courses.nnu.edu /ed581mp/situatio.htm (194 words)

	Situational Leadership (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		However, a situational leadership style is not dictated by the leadership skills of the manager - the idea is more closely tied to using the style needed to be successful given the existing work environment being managed or the needs of the business.
		This situational leadership style works best when the employee already understands their weakness and is receptive to ideas on how to improve.
		The Coercive Leadership Style should be used with caution because it's based on the concept of "command and control" which usually causes a decrease in motivation among those interacting with this type of manager.
	www.money-zine.com /Career-Development/Leadership-Skill/Situational-Leadership (1152 words)

	Section Review
		The theory states that effective groups depend on a proper match between a leader’s style of interacting with subordinates and the degree to which the situation gives control and influence to the leader.
		Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Leadership Theory (SLT) is a leadership theory developed by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard that focuses on followers’; readiness.
		Path-goal theory is the theory that it is the leader’s job to assist his or her followers in attaining their goals and to provide the direction or support needed to ensure that their goals are compatible with the overall goals of the organization.
	wps.prenhall.com /bp_robbins_man_8/0,8592,1071144-,00.html (658 words)

	Servant Leadership and Situational Leadership (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The purpose of this paper is to examine these theories so that the reader might gain a better understanding of the application of these leadership concepts to his own leadership experiences.
		Greenleaf’s concept of Servant Leadership was focused on the ethical use of power to not only meet organizatonal goals, but also to better the members of the organization.
		Hersey and Blanchard (1982) feel that “the key to using Situational Leadership is to assess the maturity level of the follower(s) and to behave as the model prescribes.” (p.
	web.ics.purdue.edu /~bcotton/papers/ser-sit_leadership.html (1821 words)

	Leadership
		My personal philosophy of leadership most directly relates to the definitions of leadership we developed in class and the situational theory of leadership.
		Like our class definition and the situational leadership theory, I believe in listening to others, having passion and allowing the situation determine who the main leader of the service becomes.
		Leadership is a selfless act, one that has the intentions to help those in need.
	www.public.asu.edu /~klwilli1/Awareness.htm (374 words)

	::: www.2Timothy42.org :: Situational Leadership Theory in Multimedia Ministry by Andy Borgmann for CMIN316 Art of ...
		Brian Fidler states, "Often the need for leadership is signaled by its absence."[1] Fidler goes on to explain that all management requires a balance between reactive administration and proactive leadership.
		Leadership is about inspiration and motivation, and this cannot occur by only explaining who is answerable to who and where one must go when they have problems.
		The beauty of situational leadership theory is that it recognizes that the developmental level of a person is not universal throughout the organization or ministry.
	www.2timothy42.org /Resources/essay.php?EssayID=12 (5236 words)

	Leadership
		This theory proposes that subordinate readiness to complete the task, called subordinate maturity, is determined by subordinates’ achievement motivation, ability and willingness to assume responsibility, and education and experience relevant to the task.
		Situational leadership theory requires a leader to be able to diagnose follower maturity and vary relationship and task-oriented behaviour for different followers at different times.
		Path-Goal Theory suggests that the outcome of this approach to leadership will be high subordinate motivation to exert effort towards task accomplishment, high performance, acceptance of the leader, and job satisfaction.
	www.bus.ualberta.ca /rfield/Leadership.htm (2613 words)

	UVA SCPS Course Offerings
		This model is based upon 4 styles of leadership which include Directing, Coaching, Supporting and Delegating.
		The model emphasizes the need for leaders to develop the skill of reading an employee’s Task Readiness, which is the primary determinant of appropriate leadership behavior.
		This lesson includes a management simulation board game which involves applying the Situational Leadership Model to more than 25 different leadership situations as well as exercises which apply the model to work teams.
	www.scps.virginia.edu /courses/ncbm103.php (153 words)

	Situational Leadership Model for Military Leader
		Almost all leadership theory is based on the relative importance assigned to the leader versus the follower in mission accomplishment.
		This illustrates how leadership theory has evolved since the turn of the century to the point where, in contrast to the predominantly authoritarian style in 1900, our leadership style today is substantially follower-dominant as witnessed by the development of total quality management (TQM) within the Department of Defense.
		In sum, the substance of these studies and theories reflects a gradual evolution from an authoritarian leadership style based on a Theory X orientation to a democratic orientation that seeks to motivate the employee to feel that he or she is a contributing part of the organization.
	www.peace.ca /militaryleader.htm (5520 words)

	SHIPPING CORPORATION MALAYSIA THE SITUATIONALISM VS. ONE BEST STYLE CONTROVERSY IN MALAYSIA AND THE U.S.A. Scientific ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The soundest leadership is demonstrated to involve a 9,9 kind of leadership orientation which rests on emerging principles of behaviour.
		Situational Leadership Theory is premised on Pavlovian associationistic connections between stimulus response and rewards as amplified and refined by Skinner and others.2' This way of inducing change has demonstrated usefulness as the basis for predicting animal learning and for controlling people with limited mental functioning.
		The Hersey-Blanchard theory is contradicted by the vast majority of psychological research and clinical evidence in terms of dealing with persons at the M level of maturity.
	mgv.mim.edu.my /MMR/8208/820805.Htm (5957 words)

	NCLL - Research - Library - Theory
		Charismatic Leadership Theory speculates "that charismatic leaders are exceptionally self-confident, are strongly motivated to attain and assert influence, and have strong convictions on the moral correctness of their beliefs." The following are characteristics of charismatic leaders:
		Situational Theory "holds that different types of leader behavior; for example, supportive, directive, or participative, are causal variables whose effect in terms of subordinate effort and satisfaction is moderated by the type of task to be performed and the capability level (e.g.
		The theory [posits] a two-way interaction between a measure of leader task-motivation versus relationship motivation, and a measure of what was initially referred to as "situational favorableness" and later relabeled "situational control." Situational control is the degree to which the leader can control and influence the group process." (House & Aditya 1997, p.
	www.latinoleadership.org /research/library/theory.html (869 words)

	LEADERSHIP THEORY FOR PASTORS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The best research in leadership theory often springs from a business setting where the leader is the boss and the follower an employee.
		The highly individualistic style of leadership of the Hershey-Blanchard model requires longevity of the leader—time to assess the maturity and competence levels of the followers, and adaptation of the leader’s style to each follower.
		The model suggests followers sometimes move back and forth on the competence and commitment continuum, meaning the particular style fitting a follower may be a moving target.
	drurywriting.com /sharon/9.Hersey-Blanchard.situational.leadership.htm (925 words)

	Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, March 1997 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Leadership schemas, group membership variables, and leadership effectiveness perceptions were measured 1 week apart in Outward Bound groups.
		Arousal is increased on both measures in neutral situations for both coactor others and for audience others; and, arousal is increased on both measures in aversive situations for audience others.
		Leadership categorization theory (R. Lord and K. Maher, 1991) and social-role theory (A. Eagly, 1987) suggest that these biases result from discrepancies between individuals' stereotypes about women and their implicit prototypes of leaders.
	www.has.vcu.edu /group/397tcab.htm (1518 words)

	Chapter 11: Leadership
		Theories that consider personal qualities and characteristics that differentiate leaders from non-leaders.
		There are no universal traits - traits appear to predict leadership in selective situations only; Traits generally predict behavior in “weak” vs. “strong” situations; cause and effect relationships are not clear; do traits simply predict the appearance of leadership rather than effective vs. ineffective leadership.
		Theories proposing that specific behaviors differentiate leaders from non-leaders.
	www.csus.edu /indiv/s/sablynskic/ch11.htm (429 words)

	[No title]
		Hersey and Blanchard’s model earns the name, Situational Leadership Theory, because of the belief that a leader’s decisions regarding the appropriateness of task behaviors and relationship behaviors are tied directly to their perceptions of the followers’ job maturity and psychological maturity.
		It is a high task, high relationship style of leadership, characterized by the need for the leader to be both specific and direct with instructions while maintaining high concern for the followers and their feelings.
		Again, Situational Leadership requires that leaders be familiar enough with their followers to understand when it is most appropriate to lead them in certain ways.
	www.eyeoneducation.com /excerpts/663-2printer.htm (2786 words)

	NCSI Publications - Situational Leadership
		The research on leadership indicates that as a process, leadership is situational.
		A leader’s success is contingent on the situation, the task to be accomplished, the leader’s personality, and the maturity of the group.
		Leaders need to be able to adapt their leadership style to the situation and practice moving from one style to another, depending on the situation.
	www.nationalcharterschools.org /resource_listing_detail.php?id=78 (505 words)

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