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Topic: Situational offenders

Related Topics

Sex crime

Adolescentilism

Childlover

Pedophile

Indecent photograph of a child

Protection of Children Act 1978

Ephebophilia

Child pornography

Pedophilia

Causes of sexual orientation

Adultery

Pederasty

Age disparity in sexual relationships

Capturing the Friedmans

	Understanding situational crime prevention [CRM no. 3]
		Situational crime prevention is a primary prevention measure.
		Situational prevention seeks to reduce opportunities for specific categories of crime by increasing the associated risks and difficulties and reducing the rewards.
		The standard methodology is a version of the action research paradigm in which researchers work with practitioners to analyse and define the problem, to identify and try out possible solutions, and evaluate and disseminate the results.
	www.aic.gov.au /publications/crm/crm003t.html (367 words)

	Understanding The Profile Of Sex Offenders: Implications For Screening And Supervising Church Workers
		Sex offenders do not want to be in such a church, especially when they can find someplace else that does nothing to screen or supervise workers and will trust almost anyone to work with its children.
		As the title implies, preferential offenders have a particular sexual preference, often for children of a particular age and gender.
		Situational molesters may engage in a wide range of abusive behaviors with individuals of all ages and do not fit any single profile.
	enrichmentjournal.ag.org /200401/200401_78_sb1_offender.cfm (1269 words)

	Understanding The Sex Offender
		Ken Lanning of the FBI further writes on the subject that situational offenders do not have a true sexual preference for children, but will engage in sexual acts with children for varied and complex reasons, while preferential offenders prefer children sexually and their sexual fantasies and erotic imagery focus entirely on children.
		Offenders mainly seek fuel for their fantasies, which can come in the form of conversation and relationship building with potential victims.
		Offenders also seek visual and textual depiction’s in the form of images, movies, and stories where children of a preferred age and gender are engaged in sexual behaviors.
	www.ahoskiepd.com /offender.asp (544 words)

	By: Norbert Sykes Re: Lanning Document Because of concern about whether or not to include
		The offender may be involved in ritualistic activity with a child and also may be abusing a child, but one may have little or nothing to do with the other.
		The offender may be deliberately engaging in ritualistic activity with a child as part of child abuse and exploitation.
		During an investigation a good investigator may sometimes be able to use the beliefs and superstitions of the offenders to his or her advantage.
	www.skepticfiles.org /moretext/lanning.htm (5927 words)

	[No title]
		The offender may be involved in ritualistic activity with a child and also may be abusing a chil d, but one may have little or nothing to do with the other.
		The offender may be deliberately engaging in ritualistic activit y with a child as part of child abuse and exploitation.
		It may well be that such abuse, at young age by multiple offenders, is the most difficult to accurately recall with the specific and precise det ail needed by the criminal justice system, and the most likely to be distorted and exaggerated when it is recalled.
	www.satanservice.org /delusion/childabusefbi.txt (18769 words)

	RONALD V. CLARKE
		Situational crime prevention, pioneered in England by Dr. Clarke and Mayhew in 1980, rests on the theory that specific crime problems have unique characteristics that can be analyzed and utilized in arriving at solutions.
		Rational Choice theory describes law-violating behavior as an event that occurs when an offender decides to risk violating the law after considering his or her own need for money, personal values or learning experiences and how well a target is protected, how affluent the neighborhood is or how efficient the local police are.
		Situational prevention’s second component, action research methodology, is a research model in which researchers and practitioners work together to analyze the problem, try out solutions, evaluate the results, and repeat the cycle, if necessary, to achieve positive results.
	www.criminology.fsu.edu /crimtheory/clarke.htm (3122 words)

	[No title]
		The degree of criminal intent of the offender and the offender's record also were reported to play an important part in the decision to prosecute criminally.
		One in three indicated that the high profile of the offender was a factor and 22 percent noted the type of environmental offense (i.e., hazardous waste, solid waste) was a factor.
		Offenders are likely to avoid jurisdictions where enforcement is strong and prosecution effective; thus displacement of these offenses from urban areas where enforcement may be tight into other less populated settings is likely.
	www.ncjrs.gov /txtfiles/envir.txt (6608 words)

	Treatment for sex offenders can protect community - Newsday.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In Suffolk County, for instance, a law banning sex offenders from living less than a quarter-mile from places where children congregate has now been joined by legislation limiting the placement of registered sex offenders to one per dwelling and requiring that victims or guardians be informed when an offender eludes his probation officer.
		They stem from the perception that we are inundated with sex offenders and that all convicted child molesters are habitual, violent and predatory, on the prowl for their next victims.
		Situational offenders molest children during periods of intense stress and frustration.
	www.newsday.com /news/printedition/opinion/ny-opsch034999729dec03,0,2996392.story?coll=ny-opinion-print (1106 words)

	Taken from our Midst — What is a Pedophile; What Is a Child Molester? Practical Steps on Preventing Child Sexual ...
		Then a situation arises (or is created by the situational offender) that gives him the opportunity to be alone with one of these children.
		Situational sex offenders frequently molest readily available children they have easy access to such as their own or those they may live with or have control over.
		While the situational offender is merely taking advantage of a situation where a child is available to fulfill sexual needs he has been unable to fulfill elsewhere, the pedophile crosses the line within the framework of a relationship with a child he may have been cultivating over a period of time.
	missing.puellula.com /WhatIs.html (2924 words)

	The approach : situational crime prevention [in: Preventing retail crime]
		Situational crime prevention seems most effective against offences which cluster in time or space, and which are of a high rate (Poyner 1986).
		It has been argued that situational crime prevention, by reducing an offender's opportunity to commit crime in a certain place or at a certain time, simply causes the criminal to go elsewhere to offend.
		Research seems to show that, where the offender is not strongly committed to a crime, and where the costs and risks of committing the crime are high, displacement is unlikely to occur (Bemmett 1986).
	www.aic.gov.au /publications/crimprev/retail/approach-t.html (1169 words)

	Situational Crime Prevention Techniques
		The techniques of situational crime prevention have evolved over the past 15 years, in response to advances in our understanding of crime, crime reduction theory and the changes in crime itself.
		Originally Clarke (1993) proposed 12 techniques* as situational measures were first developed to prevent a variety of 'street and predatory crimes'.
		This reflected the application of situational measures to offences such as tax evasion, traffic offences, sexual harassment and theft of employer's property, which were as much the province of 'ordinary citizens' as 'hardened offenders' (Clarke 1997).
	www.crimereduction.gov.uk /learningzone/scptechniques.htm (283 words)

	Utah Sentencing Commission: Policy Statement
		The primary purposes of sentencing are to punish the offender, protect and compensate the victim and society, and reduce the likelihood of future crimes by the offender through rehabilitation or incapacitation.
		Offenders should be required to pay restitution when applicable and pay the costs of their punishment, supervision, treatment, and other related costs whenever possible.
		In considering whether to release an offender from prison, the sentencing and release authorities' initial concern should be the risk that offender poses to the community, including the victim(s).
	www.sentencing.utah.gov /policystatement.html (565 words)

	File: FBIAbuse INVESTIGATOR'S GUIDE TO ALLEGATIONS OF +quot;RITUAL+quot; CHILD ABUSE Janua
		We now have hundreds of victims alleging that thousands of offenders are abusing and even murdering tens of thousands of people as part of organized satanic cults, and there is little or no corroborative evidence.
		It may well be that such abuse, at young age by multiple offenders, is the most difficult to accurately recall with the specific and precise detail needed by the criminal justice system, and the most likely to be distorted and exaggerated when it is recalled.
		Investigators must be alert for cases with the potential for the four basic dynamics: (a) multiple young victims, (b) multiple offenders, (c) fear as the controlling tactic, and (d) bizarre or ritualistic activity.
	www.skepticfiles.org /mys3/fbi-2.htm (20661 words)

	CD Fact Sheet 3: Comprehending child sex tourism
		In other situations, children are trafficked into the brothels on the margins of the tourist area and sold into sexual slavery, very rarely earning the money to escape.
		While the majority of child sex offenders are male, it is also known that women are involved, and in some cases, male and female offenders travel as a couple to avoid discovery.
		Offenders prefer to believe that the children they abuse are professional prostitutes, which allow the perpetrators to feel exonerated or justified in their actions.
	www.captivedaughters.org /ByandAboutCD/CDdocuments/cdfactsheet3.htm (613 words)

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		Among them are exhibitionism (exposure of genitalia), fetishism (sexual arousal from an object, such as a doll), causing or craving suffering or humiliation, and pedophilia (sexual arousal from a child).
		Situational offenders are generally of lower intelligence and low economic means, and their sexual behavior often serves power or anger needs.
		Preferential offenders, on the other hand, indulge in paraphilias and rituals, are more intelligent, respond to their needs without considering the risk, and tend to be compulsive.
	www.crimelibrary.com /features/fea_printPage.asp?curPage=&thisFile=/criminal_mind/sexual_assault/child_sex_offenders/3.html (685 words)

	Sex Offender Traits (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The largest group of child molesters consists of “situational offenders,” who offend only where there is little environmental hindrance and when a victim is handy.
		The basic technique of the sex offender is to gain some form of legitimate control over the victim, e.g., the offender being in a position of authority over the victim.
		Sex offenders, for the most part, are hard working, tax paying citizens who support their family and who go to church with moderate regularity.
	www.beachildshero.com /traits.htm (1860 words)

	Center for Problem-Oriented Policing
		By assessing the opportunities that specific situations offer for crime, situational crime prevention has identified five main ways in which situations can be modified.
		Cornish and Clarke (1998) therefore stress the need to be crime-specific when analyzing offender decision making and choice selection, and to treat separately decisions relating to the various stages of involvement in offences.
		For example, treating decisions relating to the offenders' initial involvement in the offence separately from decisions relating to the event, such as choice of target.
	www.popcenter.org /about-situational.htm (721 words)

	Crime and Justice Abstracts: Vol. 4 (1983)
		Emphasizing offenders' decision making helps us understand why displacement of crime (e.g., to some other time or place) is by no means the inevitable result of situational measures.
		Various examples of successful situational measures, as well as a general pessimism regarding the effectiveness of other forms of crime control, might lead one to expect a growth in situational prevention.
		Finally, for some people situational prevention has unattractive connotations of "big brother" forms of state control and of a "fortress society"; it is also criticized for avoiding fundamental moral issues.
	www.journals.uchicago.edu /CJ/abstracts/CJv4p225abstract.html (188 words)

	Situational offender - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the study of crime, a situational offender is a person who commits crimes only when in an environment which permits or encourages those acts.
		Perhaps an exception can be made for those unusual offenders who have personality disorders or who are psychopathic, and who may offend in the absence of what most people would regard as reasonable temptation, provocation or opportunity; but for the rest, the environment is a powerful determinant of behaviour.
		Of course, in a more politicised context, virtually all schools of thought about crime concede that situations influence offending rates: those on the liberal left blame social ills such as poverty, while those on the conservative right tend to blame lack of effective discipline and deterrence.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Situational_offender (404 words)

	Youth Justice - Police Discretion with Young Offenders - Conclusions - Situational factors influencing police ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Most research on police decision-making with youth has been restricted to analysis of the impact of factors specific to the individual incident and apprehended youth on the decision whether to charge (or to arrest, in most American research).
		A lone offender is somewhat more likely to be charged than one apprehended with accomplices.
		However, there were differences in emphasis related to the region of the country, the type of community, the level and types of youth crime with which the police service was dealing, and whether the respondent was a member of a youth squad or was a School Liaison Officer.
	www.justice.gc.ca /en/ps/yj/research/carrington-schulenberg/conclusion/situational.html (841 words)

	Child Safety - theBlountWeb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		They have sex with children not because of some situational stress or insecurity but because they are sexually attracted to and prefer children.
		Situational Child Molesters do not have a true sexual preference for children, but engage in sex with children for varied and complex reasons.
		Adolescent (or younger) offenders should always be viewed as past or current victims of sexual abuse.
	www.blountweb.com /childsafety/exploitatiooffenderprofiles.htm (424 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		If one accepts the premise that an alert offender can/could/should realize or recognize a security deterrent exists, it is only logical to conclude that the poor prlieved to have been under the influence of drugs and/or alcohol, or both.
		Offender research consistently reflects the prevalence of drug and alcohol-involved criminals in both violent and property crimes.
		Unfortunately, an offender population must first be concerned over their plight, before rational influences can effect the thought process necessary to balance self interest and survival.
	www.loyno.edu /~mcj/'01Scohort/Kent/Perceptual_Deterrence.doc (9207 words)

	Pedophiles--Child Molesters
		In some cases, the offender’s sexual abuse of young people is a natural outgrowth of other forms of abuse in his life.
		Although these types of offenders do not harbor a singular sexual desire for children, they may react to a built up sexual impulse or anger, that to them, is irresistible.
		This requires the offender to develop a friendship with the child or utilize an existing relationship with the victim.
	www.angelfire.com /poetry/mrsboo88/pedophiles.html (1251 words)

	United for Justice - "To provide strength, power, and a unified voice for women and children caught in crisis in ...
		Groups such as Parents United lobbied for the incest exception, claiming that relatives who abused children were "situational offenders," not pedophiles.
		With a little therapy, it was claimed, situational offenders would never abuse a child again.
		By 1994, however, the American Psychiatric Assn. had rejected the idea of situational offenders, finding instead that there was no difference between a person who sexually abuses a stranger and one who sexually abuses his own child.
	www.unitedforjustice.com /endingirony.htm (795 words)

	High Anxiety Offenders in Correctional Settings: It's Time for Another Look Federal Probation - Find Articles
		This approach assumed that, even apart from their risk of re-offending, offenders were not all alike and that no single treatment modality worked with all types of offenders across the full spectrum of correctional settings (Warren, 1971; Palmer, 1974).
		Across these samples of male offenders, we found a consistent pattern suggesting that high-anxiety offenders, those referred to as neurotic offenders on the personality classification systems, are distinct from other offenders in extremely important ways.
		In narrowing our focus to the neurotic offender, it is important to remember that anxiety can exist both as a state of mind and as a personality trait.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4144/is_200406/ai_n9446511 (841 words)

	Federal Probation : June 2004 Newsletter
		For example, sources asserted that neurotic offenders made poor adjustments to prison settings; needed to be placed away from predatory inmates; did not improve without intervention; and were likely to amplify rather than resolve acting-out behaviors when confronted by staff.
		In referring to offender anxiety as a "responsivity trait" (Andrews and Bonta, 1998; Andrews, Bonta, and Hoge, 1990), it is assumed to affect one's ability to succeed in correctional programs and environments.
		Three of the studies (study 1 and 2 were of approximately the same sample) used different samples of offenders to explore the utility of the Jesness Inventory in predicting or differentiating offenders and their behaviors.
	www.uscourts.gov /fedprob/June_2004/anxiety.html (3894 words)

	ViaggiAzalay - Egitto, Vacanze, Viaggi, Cultura
		The reasons for offending are many and diverse but offenders generally fall into one of two categories: situational offenders and preferential offenders.
		The situational or opportunistic offender does not have a true sexual preference for children, but engages in sex with children for varied and sometimes complex reasons.
		They are smaller in numbers than situational offenders but potentially can abuse large numbers of children.
	www.viaggiazalay.com /turismo/ped.asp (646 words)

	SPARTA Solutions
		Situational Crime Prevention is a targeted means of reducing crime in public settings.
		Experience has shown that successful situational crime prevention measures must be directed against specific crimes and must be designed with a clear understanding of the motives of offenders and the methods they employ.
		Situational crime prevention relies upon the rational choice theory of crime, which holds that criminals choose to commit crime based on the costs and benefits of the crime.
	www.spartasolutions.net /situationalcrimeprevention.htm (265 words)

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