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Topic: Sivas Congress

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	Sivas - All About Turkey
		Situated at an altitude of 1275 m, Sivas is the highest city of the Central Anatolian Region, and the most mountainous one with the numerous peaks.
		Throughout the long history of the city, the role played by Sivas, during the War of Independence is important in that the National Congress took the decision to fight for the liberalization of Turkey, here, in 1919.
		By the 12th and 13th centuries, it was the capital of Turkish Mengucek Emirs, and the remains of Ulu Mosque of 1229 and a citadel remain from the period.
	www.allaboutturkey.com /sivas.htm (594 words)

	Information About Sivas, Its Enviroment For Travel Needs And For Your Exploration
		Sivas is a province in the eastern anatolia situated in the northern of a valley called Yukari Kizilirmak.
		Sivas was used as the capital of the Seljuk Empire and was the centre of one of the most advenced civilizations of the times being selled Darulala or exalted City.
		Sivas has been under the protection of the Ilhanians in the late 13' th Century the Ertana rulership in the middle of the 14'th century, in 1381 the KadÄ±burhaneddin Empire and finally, in 1398 Ottoman Empire.
	www.psoriasisfishcure.com /psoriasis_tours/local.htm (1577 words)

	Mursal Village
		Although excavations at a mound known as Topraktepe indicate Hittite settlements in the locality, nothing is known of Sivas' history prior to its emergence as the Roman city of Sebastea, which became the capital of Armenia Minor under the emperor Diocletian near the end of the 3rd century.
		Although it never regained its former prosperity, Sivas was an important provincial capital under the Ottoman Empire, and in September 1919 it served as the site of the second national congress called by Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk), later the first president of Turkey.
		This congress eventually led to the expulsion of the European occupying forces, the end of the Ottoman Empire, and the establishment of the republic.
	www.mursal.com /esivas.php (465 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Sivas is in the middle of Anatolian Peninsula in upper Kizilirmak zone.
		Sivas was and times used as the capital of the Seljuk Empire and was the center of one of the most advanced civilizations of the times being called Dar-ul ala or Exalted City.
		Sivas has been under the protection of the Ilhanians in the late 13th century, the Ertana rulership in the middle of the 14th century, in 1381 the Kadiburhaneddin Empire and finally, in 1398 the Ottoman Empire.
	www.eclipse2006.boun.edu.tr /eclipse99/Engpage/sivas.html (313 words)

	Sivas, Turkey Summary
		Upon the return of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk (1881–1938), the founder of the Turkish Republic, from Amasya, the Congress of Sivas, considered a turning point in the formation of the Turkish Republic, was held in September 1919.
		Sivas (Greek: Σεβάστεια) is the provincial capital of Sivas Province in Turkey.
		The Sivas Congress, which laid the foundations of the modern Turkish Republic, was held in this city on 4 September, 1919.
	www.bookrags.com /Sivas,_Turkey (555 words)

	ATATURK
		Sivas Congress was gathered with attendance of 38 delegates in the hall of a building used as “Sultani School” on 4 September 1919.
		The reason for gathering such an important congress, representing the whole country, pursuant to Erzurum Congress, was in relation with the strategical position of the city.
		One important feature of Sivas congress is that the delegates took oath in the Congress that they would not have any personal objectives other than rescuing the motherland and achieving happiness of the nation, and that they would not serve any of the objectives of current political parties.
	www.ozturkler.com /data_english/0004/0004_16_6.htm (493 words)

	Sivas, Turkey-Adiyamanli.org
		Sivas is also known for its fine carpets of various designs and colors.
		Under the Seljuks, Sivas reached its greatest prosperity, becoming one of the most important cities of Anatolia; it was said to have had more than 150,000 inhabitants when it was plundered by the Central Asian ruler Timur (Tamerlane) in 1400.
		Although it never regained its former prosperity, Sivas was an important provincial capital under the Ottoman Empire, and in September 1919 it served as the site of the second national congress called by Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk), later the first president of Turkey.
	www.adiyamanli.org /sivas.html (977 words)

	Sivas
		It is the capital of Sivas p rovince with 760,000 inhabitants (2004 estimate).
		Sivas is a communications centre to the north-south and west-east trade routes to Iraq and Iran, respectively.
		Near Sivas lies the Armenian Christian monastery of the Holy Cross, with its royal throne and other relics.
	i-cias.com /e.o/sivas.htm (293 words)

	Untitled Document
		The province of Sivas is located at the eastern part of the Central Anatolian Region and is located on the course of the historical Silk Road and the Kings Road.
		The structure in which the Sivas Congress was held between the dates 4 - 11 September 1919 was used as Sivas High School until 1981.
		The official meetings of the Sivas Congress were held between the dates 4 - 11 September 1919 at the hall which was used as a headquarter by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk and Heyet-i Temsiliye (Representative Committee) for three and a half months.
	www.on-linehotel.com /0eng_sivas_genelbilgi.htm (408 words)

	Sivas
		Sivas, an important commercial center stood, during the Middle Ages, at the junction of the caravan routes to Persia and Baghdad.Between 1142 and 1171, it was the capital of the Danismend Emirs and a vitally important urban center during Seijuk rule.
		Today, the 19th century building where the congress was held has been restored as the Ataturk and Congress Museum, with a display about the War of Independence as well as an ethnography exhibit.
		The 36-degree Celsius waters contain bicarbonate, calcium, and magnesium, and spring from the earth accompanied by scores of tiny fish that are said to aid in the cure of skin complaints.
	www.about-turkey.com /tourism/sivas.htm (360 words)

	Turkish Republic
		The Sivas Congress was held on September 4, 1919.
		Here the decisions of the Erzurum Congress were re-examined, and it was agreed that the national societies throughout the country would be united under the name "Anadolu ve Rumeli Müdafaai Hukuk Cemiyeti" (Society for the Defence of the Rights of Anatolia and Thrace).
		On January 28th, the Parliament made public that it accepted the "National Pact" in conformity with the principles of the Sivas Congress and the decision of the Society for the Defence of the Rights of Anatolia and Thrace (The Society for the Protection of Anatolian and Rumelian Rights).
	www.enjoyturkey.com /info/history_turkey/republic.htm (2999 words)

	Sivas
		Lucy Arivian/Hagopian was born in the village of Perkenik in the Vilayet of Sivas in 1875/76
		In the sanjak of Sivas were 26 Armenian villages where the population was mostly engaged in agriculture and handicrafts.
		Sivas was connected to Ankara in 1930 and Samsun and the fl Sea in 1932.
	www.maggieblanck.com /Azarian/Sivas.html (1623 words)

	Sivas Turkey Photo Gallery by Dick Osseman at pbase.com
		Sivas is a fine city in the (near) Eastern parts of Turkey.
		Sivas' imin çogu güzelligi eksik kalmis ama eline saglik.
		Sivas is the capital of the world; what next is, Ýstanbul is the capital of the entire cosmos.
	www.pbase.com /dosseman/sivas_turkey (771 words)

	TGNA English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		On 4 September 1919 the Sivas Congress gathered, which was the basis for the founding of the new Turkish State based on the principle of national sovereignty.
		Because of this, the Sivas Congress did not display the "founding" attribute which Mustafa Kemal Pasha desired and it was decided to inform the sultan and to gather the Parliament immediately for the liberation of the homeland.
		The results of the Sivas Congress were met with great enthusiasm throughout the country and the thought gradually gained strength that the national movement was dominant everywhere.
	www.tbmm.gov.tr /english/about_tgna.htm (9943 words)

	Museums of Sivas, Sivas Museums
		Sivas Museum of Antiquities was opened in 1934 in the Gok Medrese.
		The hall in which the Sivas Congress was held, and the room where Ataturk studied and slept during the Congress have been preserved in their original state.
		At the time of the Sivas Congress the two rooms to the left of the entrance were used for security officials.
	www.istanbulportal.com /istanbulportal/Sivas.aspx (394 words)

	May 19 Commemoration of Atatürk and Youth and Sports Day - SkyscraperCity
		Moreover, even though in Erzurum Congress, it was stated for the first time that the mandate and protection were nşt to be accepted, however the definite decision about this issue was made in Sivas Congress.
		The Sivas Congress was the first national congress, which was formed by the participation of the representatives arrived from every corner of the country, as a requirement of the decisions taken in Amasya Circular.
		After the congress, Mustafa Kemal Pasha decided to break his entire relations with Istanbul government, which was trying to hinder the national movement in Anatolia in every opportunity and even trying to dissolve the Sivas Congress.
	www.skyscrapercity.com /showthread.php?t=214468 (4374 words)

	terms
		After an abortive attempt in June, a congress purporting to speak on behalf of all the regional resistance initiatives in Anatolia and in European Turkey, was finally convened by Mustafa Kemal Pasha in Sivas in September.
		In Sivas, too, muslim solidarity formed the basis of all activities: the continued existence of "our state which belongs to the Muslims" is what is at stake.
		What the congress demands is recognition of the indivisibility of those parts of the empire which are inhabited by a muslim majority, inseparable from each other and from 'the Ottoman community.' The 'islamic elements' (anasır-i islâmiye) which live in these parts are 'true brothers' (öz kardeşler) who respect each other's racial (ırkiye) and social rights.
	www.let.leidenuniv.nl /tcimo/tulp/Research/terms.htm (3483 words)

	Travel Guide To Turkey, Guide de la Turquie, GUIDE MARTINE, Guide to Turkey, Guide de Turquie, Travel, Turkey, Voyage, ...
		Located in the broad valley of the Kızılırmak (ancient Halys) at an altitude of 1,275m/ 4,185 ft, Sivas is the highest city on the central Anatolian plateau.
		Sivas flourished politically and commercially and became a reputed cultural center where beautiful monuments were built.
		Following the Congress of Erzurum, between September 4-11,1919, Sivas was the host of the second nationalistic congress which, under the chairmanship of Mustafa Kemal, decided the liberation of Turkey starting the War of Independence.
	www.guide-martine.com /centralanatolia9.asp (2251 words)

	Sivas - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Known as Sebaste, Sebastia, or Cabira in ancient times, it was an important city of Asia Minor under the Romans, the Byzantines, and the Seljuk Turks.
		Part of the Seljuk empire of Rum in the late 12th cent., Sivas fell to the Mongols and later (15th cent.) to the Ottoman Turks.
		A farming village near Sivas in Central Anatolia.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-sivas.html (249 words)

	Sivas Congress - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sivas Congress was an assembly of the Turkish National Movement held from 4 September to 11 September 1919 in the city of Sivas, in central-eastern Turkey, that united delegates from all Anatolian provinces of the Ottoman Empire, which was defunct at the time in practical terms.
		The call for the congress had been issued by Mustafa Kemal Pasha with his Amasya Circular three months before and the preparatory work had been handled during Erzurum Congress.
		Sivas Congress took a number of vital decisions were taken which were fundamentally to shape the future policy to be conducted in the frame of the Turkish War of Independence.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sivas_Congress (310 words)

	ATATÜRK PAGE
		But as can readily be seen from what I have told you, the Congress of Sivas wanted to link up all the vilayets in the east and the west, as well as those in Trakya [Thrace] - in fact the whole of the country.
		Besides, these delegates had received from their districts only a limited mandate in the name of the Committee of the "Defence of the Rights of the Eastern Provinces", and did not consider that they were authorised to extend that mandate generally.
		In the same way, it was evident that the Erzurum Congress had no authority to send a delegation to the Sivas Congress in the name of the Eastern Provinces.
	www.kho.edu.tr /english/ataturkpage/greatspeech/index44.htm (469 words)

	Sivas, Turkey
		Sivas, called Sebastea in Roman times, was an important Seljuk Turkish city, and has the grand old buildings to prove it.
		A more recent historic building is the site of the Sivas Congress, convened by Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) on September 4, 1919, to rally the country to the cause of independence.
		Sivas is a major transport nexus with good, frequent bus service, useful train service, and occasional flights by Turkish Airlines.
	www.turkeytravelplanner.com /WhereToGo/CentralAnatolia/Sivas/index.html (314 words)

	[No title]
		In addition to instigating the Erzurum Congress (23 July - 7 August 1919), it was Karabekir who, with those thoughts in mind, convened and negotiated the Kars Treaty of 1921, signed between the TBMM and the Bolshevik government that established the basis of the present borders between the USSR and the Turkish Republic.
		By the time Sivas Congress was convened37, no less than three channels were working on the Nationalist leadership to persuade them at least to "consider" the American Mandate, if not outright adopt a resolution in favor of it at the Sivas Congress.
		Sivas Congress was in session 4-11 Sep 1919.
	www.angelfire.com /on/paksoy/tbmmgov.html (15420 words)

	The Vocabulary of Muslim Nationalism
		All in all, twenty eight of these congresses were held between 5 November 1918 and 8 October 1920, three of them in 1918, seventeen in 1919 and six in 1920.
		In his opening speech at the congress of Sivas Kemal explained that the allies were breaching the conditions laid down in the armistice and encroaching upon the rights of the Ottomans every day.
		Trabzon, Erzurum, Sivas, Diyarbekir, Mamuretelaziz, Van, Bitlis and the sancak (district) of Canik.
	www.let.leidenuniv.nl /tcimo/tulp/Research/MUSNAT.htm (4342 words)

	Ataman Hotel - Amasya (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Eretna Dynasty was established by Eretna the Mongol governor of Sivas.
		In order to reach the goal of saving the nation and to co-ordinate the various resistance movements a congress at Sivas (conformably far away from any Entente influence) was called for.
		This congress, summoned before there was anything known about a Sivas congress, should give him the legal pretext to handle in the nation's interest; since the Government was under Entente control it could not act and the nation's interest had to come first.
	www.atamanhotel.com /amasya.html (1474 words)

	Conditions in the Near East: Report of the American Military Mission to Armenia
		Resolution of National Congress of Sivas addressed to the Senate of the United States of America requesting that Senatorial committee visit and investigate conditions within the Ottoman Empire.
		At the same time a resolution was adopted at Amassia for the meeting of a congress at Sivas for the unification of the whole of Anatolia and Roumelia.
		The latter Congress having already established the principal basis of action of the national movement, the Sivas Congress completed its deliberations and adopted its resolutions in the course of a week.
	armenianhouse.org /harbord/conditions-near-east.htm (14860 words)

	KURTULUŞ ŞAVASINDA ULUSAL KONGRELER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Erzurum Congress assembled with 56 delegates, from Erzurum, Sivas, Bitlis, Van and Trabzon.
		Sivas Congress assembled on 4th of September, 1919 with contribution of the Committee of Representatives and new elected delegates.
		The Congress was held with 38 delegates at Sivas Sultanisi building under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal.
	yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr /~harun/n75_76_1999e.htm (408 words)

	Sivas, Turkey - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The word means "blessed stream" in Neshali Hittite and Luwian.
		Gök Medresesi (the Celestial Medrese) which was built in 1271, carries on the traditional Seljuk Medrese plan.
		Atatürk Kongre ve Etnografya Müzesi (Atatürk Congress and Ethnography Museum) is a museum that is dedicated to the Sivas Congress and the ethnographic pieces special to the region.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sivas (473 words)

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