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Topic: Six Assurances

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	Security Assurances Must Come Through Multilateral Talks
		In a meeting with President Hu Jintao of China, President Bush shared ideas for providing North Korea with security assurances within the framework of the six-party multilateral negotiations in which China is playing a leading role.
		It is something that, frankly, all six parties at the last Beijing talks agreed to.
		We said it would be all six parties together, and there was an opportunity in the six-party framework for any party to talk to any other party.
	www.iwar.org.uk /news-archive/2003/10-19.htm (1558 words)

	One-China policy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		When President Jimmy Carter in 1979 broke off relations with Taiwan in order to establish relations with the PRC, Congress responded by passing the Taiwan Relations Act, which while maintaining relations, stopped short of full recognition of the ROC.
		In 1982 President Ronald Reagan also made the Six Assurances were adopted, the sixth being that the United States would not formally recognize Chinese sovereignty over Taiwan.
		During the House International Relations Committee on April 21 of 2004, the Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, James A. Kelly, was asked by Rep. Grace Napolitano (D-CA) whether America’s commitment to Taiwan’s democracy conflicted with the so-called One-China Policy.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/One_China_policy (1358 words)

	US official reaffirms 'six assurances' to Taiwan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This was the first time in recent memory that a senior U.S. official has made a public reaffirmation of the "six assurances" to Taiwan, which was pledged by the Reagan administration in 1982 after it signed the "August 17 joint communique" with mainland China.
		The "six assurances" include that the United States will neither set a deadline for stopping arms sales to Taiwan nor discuss its arms sales packages with mainland China.
		The United States also promised not to revise the Taiwan Relations Act, not to force Taiwan to negotiate with mainland China and not to act as a go-between in relations between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait.
	www.taiwanheadlines.gov.tw /20020314/20020314p4.html (310 words)

	Harvard Studies on Taiwan Vol. 3: Martin L. Lasater
		The six promises given to Taiwan by the Reagan administration in 1982 remain part of U.S. policy.
		As reflected in the TRA, the August 17 communiqué, and the six assurances, the security component of U.S. Taiwan policy plays a central and vital role.
		As long as the United States adheres to the TRA and abides by the communiqués, including the six assurances, there will be no substantive change in U.S. policy.
	www.fas.harvard.edu /~fairbank/tsw/lasater.html (1770 words)

	About Aplicor \| Client Service
		We recognize that our clients want assurances that their software is operationally stable, that technical support is consistently available and prepared to assist, that consultants are trained and up to the task of client requests, and that the entire organization works as a reliable and cohesive unit that offers accurate and timely client response.
		Aplicor selected six sigma as the way to position the company for consistent client achievement and long-term success.
		Our implementation of six sigma provides the framework as well as a common culture and language for proactively solving problems, improving our competitive position in the marketplace and assuring our clients complete satisfaction on a continual basis.
	www.aplicor.com /4%20Company/client_assurances.htm (819 words)

	International Security Program - Center For Strategic & International Studies
		Through officials in his administration, President Ronald Reagan privately presented the "Six Assurances" to the Taipei government in 1982 to reassure Taiwan about the limits of U.S. cross-Strait policy, even before the finalization of the 1982 Communiqué.
		The "Six Assurances" included statements that the United States had not agreed to a set date to end arms sales to Taiwan, did not seek not revise the Taiwan Relations Act, and would not pressure Taiwan into negotiations with the Mainland over reunification.
		After the finalization of the Third Communiqué, Assistant Secretary of State John Holdridge presented the Six Assurances - which had previously been presented to the Taiwan government in private -in a testimony before Congress on U.S. policy towards Taiwan.
	www.csis.org /isp/taiwan/US/synopses.htm (1294 words)

	Just War Theory [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		That goal may be tempered with attaining assurances that no further invasion will take place.
		But for B to invade and annex regions of A is nominally a disproportionate response, unless (controversially) that is the only method for securing guarantees of no future reprisals.
		At the battle of Omdurman in the Sudan, six machine gunners killed thousands of dervishes—the gunners may have been in the right to defend themselves, but the principle of proportionality demands that a battle ends before it becomes a massacre.
	www.iep.utm.edu /j/justwar.htm (3893 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Council of Trent
		At the same time the latter sent assurances to Rome that he considered the council as very serviceable for the extermination of heresy, carrying on, as regards the holding of a council, the double intrigue he always pursued in reference to German Protestantism.
		The visit of Charles V to Rome in 1536 led to a complete agreement between him and the pope concerning the council.
		Thus the theologians of the council, who had grown in the meantime into a large body, were divided into six classes, each of which received a number of drafts of decrees for discussion.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15030c.htm (5851 words)

	ABC News: N. Korea Accuses U.S. of Nuke Attack Plot (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		SEOUL, South Korea Sep 21, 2005 — North Korea on Wednesday accused the United States of intending to disarm the communist country and then "crush it to death with nuclear weapons" two days after a landmark disarmament agreement that was expected to ease tensions.
		North Korea pledged to give up its nuclear weapons program in return for economic aid and security assurances at six-nation talks in Beijing on Monday the first breakthrough in more than two years of negotiations.
		However, the country's rhetoric since then has cast doubt on its commitment to the agreement and underscored its unpredictability, though none of its negotiating partners say they expect a breakdown in the disarmament talks, scheduled to continue in November.
	abcnews.go.com /International/wireStory?id=1144995&CMP=OTC-RSSFeeds0312 (470 words)

	Armwood News Blog: 10/31/2004 - 11/06/2004
		Mr Anwar was released when the country's highest court overturned a conviction for sodomy for which he had served six years in prison.
		He had suggested in January during a radio interview with six other democratic candidates that the "one country two systems" model could be implemented in Taiwan as a solution to the cross-strait impasse.
		Chiu reiterated that the US' overall stance, specifically its insistence on its "one China" policy and the six assurances forged under former president Ronald Reagan's administration, would continue to be the cornerstone of US cross-strait policymaking.
	armwoodnews.blogspot.com /2004_10_31_armwoodnews_archive.html (5822 words)

	eTaiwanNews.com/MOFA asks Washington to reaffirm six principles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Meanwhile, China yesterday rejected U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell's appeal to resume dialogue with Taiwan but welcomed his comment that the self-ruled island is not independent.
		Chen said the U.S. should reiterate the "six assurances," a set of principles established in 1982 that has served as the bedrock of the U.S.' Taiwan policy since then.
		In the six assurances, which were introduced in July 1982, the United States pledged NOT to:
	www.etaiwannews.com /Taiwan/2004/10/28/1098928274.htm (572 words)

	[No title]
		U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell Thursday in Washington stated that the "Six Assurances," first outlined by the Reagan Administration in 1982, remain U.S. policy toward Taiwan.
		Powell was answering a question from Senator Jesse Helms, chairman of the U.S. Senate's Foreign Relations Committee, who expressed concern as to the second of the assurances.
		Powell said that "the Republic of China" has already submitted a list of weapons systems it hopes to buy, and that U.S. officials are still examining the requests.
	taiwansecurity.org /News/2001/TH-030901.htm (675 words)

	BYWATER NEWS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		They also want assurances that Six Flags will continue to operate the theme park for the duration of the 75-year lease, in an effort to overcome the existing negative image of the theme park in the community.
		Six Flags would be obligated to provide $25 million in additional improvements to the park by the end of the 2005 season.
		Reflecting on Jazzland's history, he also emphasized that assurances must be provided in the operating agreement to ensure that Six Flags will continue to operate the park.
	bywater.org /0208/bywater_news200208.htm (5541 words)

	Article detail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		DeTrani urged North Korea to return to the Six-Party Talks, which stalled after the completion of a third round of talks in June 2004 when Pyongyang refused to continue participation. The other nations involved in the Six-Party Talks are China, South Korea, Japan and Russia.
		The ambassador said the United States was disappointed in North Korea's refusal to return to the talks after the June 2004 round because momentum had been generated to move toward an exchange of multilateral security assurances for verifiable elimination of North Korea's plutonium and clandestine uranium enrichment programs.
		"[North Korea] wants security assurances, and that is why we are talking about multilateral security assurances as well as compensation for giving up their nuclear capability," he said. "We would like to move in that direction, as well as moving towards normalization [of relations]."
	nato.usmission.gov /Article.asp?ID=E6C63CCB-C480-4C40-95A3-7184FC96BF20 (507 words)

	Crosswalk.com - Taiwan 'Traditionally Benefits' With Republicans in White House
		Taiwanese also recalled, he said, that Clinton in a 1998 visit to the mainland delivered a speech containing what became known as the "three noes" policy - no support for Taiwan's independence, no support for two Chinas, and no support for Taiwan's membership in international organizations that require statehood.
		That contrasted with President Reagan's 1982 "six assurances" to Taiwan, the most important of which was that the U.S. "has not changed our long-standing policy on the matter of sovereignty over Taiwan." That "long-standing" policy, according to China analysts, is that the issue of sovereignty over Taiwan is "undetermined."
		Reagan's "assurances" also confirmed that that the U.S. would not terminate arms sales to Taiwan.
	www.crosswalk.com /news/1293202.html (887 words)

	The Taiwan Dilemma: Time for a Change in the U.S. Approach? -- Robert L. Suettinger (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The point is that the United States cannot fix the deeply-rooted antagonisms, differences of political viewpoint and variant interpretations of history that lie at the core of Taiwan-PRC tensions.
		Neither does it have—under the TRA or the Six Assurances or any other public document—an obligation to protect Taiwan from the consequences of its own actions and mistakes.
		Nor should the United States forswear its preference for a negotiated settlement because some in Taipei misinterpret it as "pressure." Because it is not bound by detailed obligations or complex treaties, Washington has had the wherewithal to act flexibly and creatively to meet a dynamic and sometimes turbulent situation in the Taiwan Strait.
	www.brookings.edu /views/papers/Suettinger/20000509.htm (3052 words)

	Crosswalk.com
		Taipei was alarmed last week when Secretary of State Colin Powell, visiting Beijing, suggested in media interviews that "reunification" was the desired outcome of the Taiwan Straits dispute.
		The State Department made it clear afterwards that U.S. policy remained unchanged, reiterating the administration's support for President Reagan's "six assurances" to Taiwan in 1982.
		The key assurance of the six was that America "has not changed our long-standing policy on the matter of sovereignty over Taiwan."
	www.crosswalk.com /news/1293777.html?view=print (892 words)

	Powell: No secrets, no trading in N. Korea talks - Aug. 05, 2003
		WASHINGTON - The United States will not begin trading aid for security assurances at upcoming six-party nuclear crisis talks with North Korea, Secretary of State Colin Powell said in a interview with US media.
		Moreover, "there will be no secrets," although the six-party format of the talks may provide opportunities for one-on-one exchanges, Powell told selected US media outlets in a private interview released by the State Department on Sunday.
		"There will certainly be an opportunity at a six party-meeting for them to say something directly to us if they choose to do so," Powell said of Pyongyang, which had insisted on bilateral talks until finally agreeing to a larger format Friday.
	www.inq7.net /wnw/2003/aug/05/wnw_2-1.htm (381 words)

	SAS Success Story: Groupama
		Campaigns totaling 300,000 mailings were launched at the national level using two functions previously not accessible to the regional offices: de-duplication in the databases developed under SAS (target "household" and target "individuals") and scoring (improvement of the return rate, targeting and performance).
		Eleven Groupama regional offices and all of the six GAN Assurances regions now have access to the SAS application using the intranet, which allows them to improve the efficiency and performance of their marketing campaigns.
		Groupama also has managed the evolution of the application based on the collective needs of the regional offices and GAN Assurances.
	www.sas.com /success/groupama_france.html (833 words)

	NAPSNet Daily Report, Thursday, March 14, 2002
		This was the first time in recent memory that a senior US official has made a public reaffirmation of the "six assurances" pledged by the Reagan administration in 1982 after it signed the "August 17 joint communique" with the PRC.
		The "six assurances" include that the US will neither set a deadline for stopping arms sales to Taiwan nor discuss its arms sales packages with the PRC.
		The article, about 10,000 Chinese words, consists of six parts, including the "lack of safeguard for life freedom and personal safety," "serious rights violations by law enforcement departments" and the "plight of the poor, hungry and homeless," said the report.
	www.nautilus.org /archives/napsnet/dr/0203/MAR14.html (2007 words)

	Waiver Review Protocol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The purpose of the protocol is to provide the CMS Regional Office staff responsible for reviewing 1915(c) waiver programs, with standardized and comprehensive procedures for assessing the quality of care and services provided through these programs.
		These assurances constitute the backbone of the quality assurance responsibilities of a State vis-à-vis its 1915(c) waiver program.
		For each of the six assurances, the Protocol defines standards as well as methods to review how the standards have been operationalized.
	www.cms.hhs.gov /medicaid/waivers/waiverrevprotocol.asp (367 words)

	Asia Times Online - News from greater China; Hong Kong and Taiwan
		A clearly still very angry Foreign Minister Mark Chen later said that Powell's remarks had damaged Taiwan's democracy and hurt its status, and he demanded a US restatement of the "Six Assurances".
		The Six Assurances, enunciated on July 14, 1982, made clear that the United States:
		This is why it wants a restatement of the Six Assurances, so the lasting impression is not that the US favors reunification but that the US will not play a role and does not favor any particular outcome.
	www.atimes.com /atimes/China/FJ30Ad03.html (1587 words)

	Taiwan Advice: Uncovering the Truth about the Taiwan status
		Over the last six years I have been researching this curious fact in detail.
		According to the historical record, the "major participants" in Taiwanese history after WWII up through the signing of the peace treaty in 1951 were Japan, the United States, and the Republic of China.
		I have pieced this together with recent Chinese history, the Shanghai Communiques, and all other pronouncements of the US government including the Three Nos, Six Assurances, Taiwan Relations Act, the policies of the current Bush administration toward Taiwan, and a large number of US Supreme Court cases.
	www.taiwanadvice.com /ustaiwan (1001 words)

	Mayor Chen goes to Washington
		He added that the proposals conflicted both with the basic principles of human rights and self-determination, as well as with the "six assurances" the United States gave to Taiwan in 1982 when Washington signed the so-called "August 17" joint communiqué with China.
		Asked about whether he thinks Washington has set any limits or conditions on its commitment to Taiwan's security, Chen said that to his knowledge, the US stance on the 1982 "six assurances" has remained unchanged.
		Chen, the brightest star from the opposition camp, also said the DPP hopes that the United States will upgrade cooperation with Taiwan in satellite defense systems.
	www.taiwandc.org /nws-9811.htm (557 words)

	Honolulu Star-Bulletin Editorial
		The Chinese seek to make their case by repeatedly pointing to the "Three Communiqués" between Washington and Beijing, while Bush contends that the Taiwan Relations Act and the "Six Assurances" are decisive.
		The "Six Assurances" were requested of Reagan by the Taiwanese in 1982, and he privately agreed.
		In addition, the United States pledges to uphold the TRA, to assert that the sovereignty over Taiwan is undecided, and not to press Taiwan to negotiate with China.
	starbulletin.com /2002/03/31/editorial/halloran.html (745 words)

	Revenue Assurance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Six assurances were: #The United States would not set a date for termination of arms sales to Taiwan.
		Removed for the same reason: personal creative work is not an encylopedia article, however well intentioned.
		A sample sentence: :''Subtle distinctions apply between assertion or assurance and measures of insurance (compensation possibly motivating recovery or revenge, e.g.
	www.wwwtln.com /finance/156/revenue-assurance.html (826 words)

	Taiwan -- Six Assurances - State Department Daily Briefing (Taken Questions), 11/10/2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Taiwan -- Six Assurances - State Department Daily Briefing (Taken Questions), 11/10/2004
		Answer: There is no change in U.S. policy, including regarding the Six Assurances.
		We have long maintained that differences between the People’s Republic of China and Taiwan are matters to be resolved peacefully, absent the threat or use of force, and should be acceptable to the people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait.
	www.usconsulate.org.hk /ustw/state/2004/111003.htm (136 words)

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