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Topic: Skeletal muscle

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List of muscles of the human body

Voluntary muscle

Cardiac muscle

Muscle fiber

Smooth muscle

Muscle

Muscular system

Superior oblique muscle

Muscle contraction

Vagus nerve

Gluteus maximus

Parasympathetic

Sarcomere

Buccinator muscle

Ischiocavernosus muscle

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	Skeletal muscle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Skeletal muscles are used to facilitate movement, by applying force to bones and joints; via contraction.
		Skeletal muscles usually have one end (the "origin") attached to a relatively stationary bone, (such as the scapula) and the other end (the "insertion") is attached across a joint, to another bone (such as the humerus).
		Skeletal muscle cells are stimulated by acetylcholine, which is released at neuromuscular junctions by motor neurons.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Skeletal_muscle (1112 words)

	Muscle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Muscle is the contractile tissue of the body and is derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells.
		Skeletal muscle or "voluntary muscle" is anchored by tendons to the bone and is used to affect skeletal movement such as locomotion.
		In skeletal muscle, contraction is stimulated by electrical impulses transmitted by the nerves, the motor nerves and motoneurons in particular.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Muscle (2061 words)

	Muscle Physiology - Muscle Structure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Skeletal muscle is not only highly organized to function at the microscopic level, the arrangement of the muscle fibers at the macroscopic level also demonstrates a striking degree of organization.
		Skeletal muscle architecture is defined as "the arrangement of muscle fibers relative to the axis of force generation." The functional properties of a whole muscle depend strongly on its architecture.
		Muscles with fibers that are oriented at a single angle relative to the force generating axis are termed unipennate muscles (Middle).
	muscle.ucsd.edu /musintro/arch.shtml (365 words)

	Muscular System / Structure of Skeletal Muscle
		Skeletal muscles vary considerably in size, shape, and arrangement of fibers.
		In some muscles the fibers are parallel to the long axis of the muscle, in some they converge to a narrow attachment, and in some they are oblique.
		An individual skeletal muscle may be made up of hundreds, or even thousands, of muscle fibers bundled together and wrapped in a connective tissue covering.
	training.seer.cancer.gov /module_anatomy/unit4_2_muscle_structure.html (444 words)

	Blue Histology - Muscle
		The muscle surrounding the upper one-third of the oesophagus is skeletal muscle.
		Although equal in ultrastructure to skeletal muscle, the cross-striations in cardiac muscle are less distinct, in part because rows of mitochondria and many lipid and glycogen droplets are found between myofibrils.
		In contrast to skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells often branch at acute angles and are connected to each other by specialisations of the cell membrane in the region of the intercalated discs.
	www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au /mb140/CorePages/Muscle/Muscle.htm (3428 words)

	Skeletal Muscle
		Muscle fibers of this muscle are found in both the upper and lower eyelid, giving the muscle a circular profile.
		This powerful group of muscles occupy the usual skeletal muscle position in the body wall--that is, they are deep to the superficial fascia and are surrounded by their own deep fascia or epimysium.
		Interestingly, the cat's rectus muscle is not segmented; that is, its muscle is not interrupted by tendinous inscriptions.
	ext.sac.edu /faculty_staff/mansfield_patricia/6head.html (1705 words)

	Lab 10 Smooth and Skeletal Muscle
		Individual smooth muscle cells are "fusiform" or "spindle shaped" that is, they are longer than they are wide, tapered at each end, and widest in the middle.
		Skeletal muscle cells are multinucleated (in fact, they are syncytial) and may have anywhere from ten to hundreds of nuclei.
		In skeletal muscle the neurotransmitter acetylcholine is released into the gap between the terminus of the neuron and the surface of the muscle; this brings about a depolarization of the plasma membrane of the myofiber, internal chemical changes in the cell, and contraction.
	education.vetmed.vt.edu /Curriculum/VM8054/Labs/Lab10/Lab10.htm (3477 words)

	Muscular System / Structure of Skeletal Muscle
		Skeletal muscle, attached to bones, is responsible for skeletal movements.
		Smooth muscle, found in the walls of the hollow internal organs such as blood vessels, the gastrointestinal tract, bladder, and uterus, is under control of the autonomic nervous system.
		The cardiac muscle cell has one central nucleus, like smooth muscle, but it also is striated, like skeletal muscle.
	training.seer.cancer.gov /module_anatomy/unit4_3_muscle_types.html (201 words)

	Basic Skeletal Muscle Physiology
		Between and within the muscle cells is a complex latticework of connective tissue, resembling struts and crossbeams that help to maintain the integrity of the muscle during contraction and strain.
		Multiply the number of muscles in the body by the number of muscle fibers per muscle by the number of myofibrils per fiber by the number of sarcomeres per myofibril and well, the numbers become pretty staggering.
		Muscles controlling high precision movements like those required in the fingers or the eyes are organized into smaller motor units.
	home.hia.no /~stephens/musfacts.htm (1630 words)

	Human Physiology - Muscle
		Skeletal muscles are usually attached to bone by tendons composed of connective tissue.
		Muscle cells, ensheathed by endomysium, consist of many fibrils (or myofibrils), and these myofibrils are made up of long protein molecules called myofilaments.
		Because of this arrangement, when skeletal muscle is viewed with a microscope, the ends of a sarcomere (where only thin myofilaments are found) appear lighter than the central section (which is dark because of the presence of the thick myofilaments).
	people.eku.edu /ritchisong/301notes3.htm (2619 words)

	STRIATED, SKELETAL MUSCLE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Skeletal muscle is cut in cross section in the above photograph.
		You cannot see the striations, but you can identify this tissue as skeletal muscle by the peripherally located nuclei (see the dense blue spots around the large pink fibers.) The connective tissue layer that you remove to reveal muscle in Gross Anatomy is called the epimysium (not shown in this view).
		Below is a photograph of skeletal muscle cut in longitudinal section.
	cellbio.utmb.edu /microanatomy/muscle/striated_skeletal_muscle.htm (245 words)

	Skeletal Muscle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Skeletal muscle is an area of stem cells study that was previously ignored by stem cell biologists.
		In addition, it is thought that adult skeletal muscle may be a stem cell niche, directing uncommited cells to be myogenic cells.
		Skeletal muscle is originally derived from the mesoderm, and is made up of extremely specialized myofibers.
	www.brown.edu /Courses/BI0032/adltstem/sm.htm (195 words)

	Skeletal Muscle
		For example, you know that skeletal muscles are attached to the skeleton--the skeletal part of their name--and that you can control them.
		Muscle cells, also called muscle fibers, are arranged parallel to one another in a muscle belly.
		The smallest element of a muscle fiber that is capable of shortening or contracting is the sarcomere--the functional unit of skeletal muscle.
	ext.sac.edu /faculty_staff/mansfield_patricia/6intro.html (1125 words)

	MedlinePlus Drug Information: Skeletal Muscle Relaxants (Systemic) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax certain muscles in your body and relieve the stiffness, pain, and discomfort caused by strains, sprains, or other injury to your muscles.
		Skeletal muscle relaxants act in the central nervous system (CNS) to produce their muscle relaxant effects.
		Skeletal muscle relaxants may cause blurred vision or clumsiness or unsteadiness in some people.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/202523.html (1706 words)

	Berger: Adaptation of Skeletal Muscle to Resistance Training (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Typically, overtraining represents a level of training that exceeds the whole body's capacity to adapt to multiple stresses rather than a specific muscle or muscle fiber's ability to adapt to a load, as is seen in the abuses of the overload principle.
		One plausible explanation is that muscle hypertrophy may involve a repeated injury of the muscle fiber followed by an overcompensation of protein synthesis resulting in a net anabolic effect (10).
		Appreciating the adaptive processes of skeletal muscle also serves to shift a participant's thought processes from, "How much should I lift in the weight room today?" to "What response am I trying to evoke?" This change in thinking is likely to stimulate a new understanding of the principles underlying success in the weight room.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~iishp/Berger3.html (1827 words)

	Muscles
		Smooth muscle is found in the walls of all the hollow organs of the body (except the heart).
		Nerves of the autonomic branch of the nervous system lead to both smooth and cardiac muscle, but their effect is one of moderating the rate and/or strength of contraction.
		Cellular respiration not only is required to meet the ATP needs of a muscle engaged in prolonged activity (thus causing more rapid and deeper breathing), but is also required afterwards to enable the body to resynthesize glycogen from the lactic acid produced earlier (deep breathing continues for a time after exercise is stopped).
	users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/M/Muscles.html (3328 words)

	Bob Dennis Muscle Tissue Engineering
		The potential applications for functional engineered skeletal muscle extend from basic research to drug discovery to surgical transplantation, hybrid prosthetics, and robotics, and perhaps on even to include engineered and farmed animal protein as a food source.
		Though muscle tissue performs many functions for the body, some arising from the emergent properties of muscle cells organized into whole muscle organs, such as heat generation and protein synthesis, the most basic definition of muscle tissue function is the generation of controlled force, work, and power.
		Thus, it is critical to improve the excitability of engineered skeletal muscle tissue if the tissue is ever to be exposed to chronic electrical stimulation in culture, or if it is to function as a robotic or prosthetic actuator.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~bobden/muscle_tissue_engineering.html (1324 words)

	2740 MUSCLE HISTOLOGY
		Skeletal muscle cells run the full length of a muscle.
		Cardiac muscle cells branch, are striated, are uninucleate (B) and have intercalated discs (A).
		Skeletal muscles (C) are stimulated by nerve impulses carried by motor neurons.
	www.unomaha.edu /hpa/2740musclehistology.html (271 words)

	CYCLING PERFORMANCE TIPS - skeletal muscle
		And these individual muscle cells contain two proteins - actin and myosin - which chemically interact and shorten the cell (and along with it the muscle itself) when the muscle cells are stimulated by a nerve impulse.
		The interaction of the actin-myosin complex, which results in the shortening or contraction of the muscle cell, requires the energy in the form of ATP.
		The relative proportion of type I and type II fibers within a muscle varies from person to person and is determined by genetics (ie inheritance from your parents).
	www.cptips.com /muscle.htm (1008 words)

	The Physician and Sportsmedicine: Skeletal Muscle Cramps During Exercise
		Skeletal muscle cramps are one of the most common clinical problems encountered by medical staff who treat athletes at endurance events, especially marathons and triathlons (1,2).
		The lifetime incidence of skeletal muscle cramping in marathon runners and triathletes has been variously reported to be as high as 30% to 50% (3) and 67% (4).
		EAMC can be defined as a painful, spasmodic, involuntary contraction of skeletal muscle that occurs during or immediately after exercise (5-7), as opposed to cramps that occur in smooth muscle and skeletal muscle at rest.
	www.physsportsmed.com /issues/1999/11_99/schwellnus.htm (2595 words)

	Skeletal Muscle
		75 muscle pairs (out of 434 muscles) are responsible for body movement
		(b) tetanus: state of muscle producing sustained maximal tension due to repeated stimulus
		(a) muscle level: unable to respond to stimulus
	www.bsu.edu /web/ykwon/pep294/notes/muscle.html (229 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Muscles Work"
		Muscles are one of those things that most of us take completely for granted, but they are incredibly important for two key reasons:
		Muscles are the "engine" that your body uses to propel itself.
		The only ways for you to express an idea are with the muscles of your larynx, mouth and tongue (spoken words), with the muscles of your fingers (written words or "talking with your hands") or with the skeletal muscles (body language, dancing, running, building or fighting, to name a few).
	entertainment.howstuffworks.com /muscle.htm (229 words)

	Wing-N-Wave Labradors Skeletal Muscle Myopathy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Skeletal muscle myopathy is a hereditary muscle disorder in which there is a deficiency of type II muscle fibers leading to a notable decrease in skeletal muscle mass.
		Muscle weakness, abnormal gait and posture, and a decrease in tolerance to exercise are the most common symptoms affecting Labradors with HMLR.
		Muscle hemodynamics in hereditary myopathy of Labrador retrievers.
	www.labbies.com /hmlr.htm (938 words)

	Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease . A Statement of the American Thoracic Society and ...
		Skeletal muscle is capable of large changes in metabolic activity (162); relative to the basal rate,
		Peripheral muscle weakness is common in patients with COPD (212, 213).
		It is apparent that skeletal muscle metabolism is altered in COPD.
	ajrccm.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/159/4/S1/S2 (8375 words)

	Skeletal Muscle -- Notes
		Muscles attached to long bones are in antagonistic pairs.
		Contraction of a skeletal muscle fiber is all-or-none.
		Refractory period of skeletal muscle fiber is 2 msec.
	www.ux1.eiu.edu /~cfklm/bio3520/muscle35-n.html (1129 words)

	Skeletal Muscle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Even when you cannot visualize striations, the peripherally placed nuclei allow you to differentiate skeletal muscle from both cardiac and smooth muscle.
		The arrangement of the myofilaments within the myofibrils account for the striations we see in skeletal and smooth muscle.
		for animation of muscle contraction at the ultramicroscopic level.
	www.vetmed.wsu.edu /VAn308/skeletal.htm (74 words)

	Gross Physiology of Skeletal Muscle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It also shows how the network of transverse tubules lace their way through the structure and how they are continuous with the outer membrane of the myofiber.
		Finally the aniomation goes on to describe the connective tissue that holds the muscles together called the fascia.
		This exists on three major levels with the Epimysium wrapping around whole muscles, the perimysium enveloping bundles of fibers called fasicles, and finally the endomysium which surrounds each individual fiber.
	lessons.harveyproject.org /development/muscle/grsphysw.html (145 words)

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