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Topic: Skin colour

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	Human skin color - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Skin color is determined by the amount and type of the pigment melanin in the skin.
		The evolution of the different skin colors is thought to have occurred as follows: the haired ancestors of humans, like modern great apes, had light skin under their hair.
		In considering the color of human skin in the long span of human evolution, Jablonski and Chaplin note that there is no empirical evidence to suggest that the human ancestors six million years ago had a skin color different from the skin color of today's chimpanzees—namely pale-skinned under fl hair.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Skin_colour (2219 words)

	Human Skin Colour - Natural Acne Treatments, Natural Herbs, Ayurveda Beauty Tip for Teenager and Makeup application to ...
		Skin colour is determined by the amount and type of the pigment melanin in the skin.
		The evolution of the different skin colours is thought to have occurred as follows: the haired ancestor of humans, like modern great apes, had light skin under their hair.
		(The skin cancer connection is probably of secondary importance, since skin cancer usually kills only after the reproductive age and therefore doesn't exert much evolutionary pressure.) When humans migrated to sun-poorer regions in the north, low vitamin D3 levels became a problem and light skin colour evolved.
	www.beautyofbeauty.com /skincolour.htm (1635 words)

	Modelling skin colour image formation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Skin is composed of a thin surface layer, the epidermis, and the dermis, which is a thicker layer placed under the epidermis.
		The skin colour is thus determined by the epidermis transmittance, which depends mainly on its melanin concentration, and the blood content of the dermis.
		Skin colour of a Caucasian subject is located in the area spanned by the three chromaticities - illuminant, Caucasian normal, and Caucasian erythematous.
	www.vision.auc.dk /~mst/Publications/fg2000html/node3.html (957 words)

	Great Moments in Science - Skin Colour 1
		You get your particular skin colour because of chemicals in the outer layer of your skin, which is called the epidermis.
		Skin colour begins down in the deepest level of your epidermis, where special cells called "melanocytes" live.
		In the skin of the Negroid peoples of Africa, the complete melanosome, with its load of melanin, survives inside the regular skin cells - and this gives you a darkish skin.
	www.abc.net.au /science/k2/moments/s249992.htm (790 words)

	Problem page – Skin colour
		It is quite common to have darker skin in areas where there are skin folds or creases, such as between the buttocks, around the vagina (vulva), below the breasts and also in the armpits.
		In Addison’s disease, the skin becomes darker with a muddy appearance, especially in sun-exposed areas, and on the palms, soles, armpits and near the anus.
		If you are overweight and the darker skin is thickened, and velvety or leathery in texture, it would be a sign that you are heading towards developing type 2 diabetes.
	www.embarrassingproblems.co.uk /problems/problempage060204.htm (394 words)

	Skin Colour Analysis
		The detection of skin colour in images is a very useful and increasingly popular technique in computer vision for detecting and tracking humans.
		To produce an empirical camera-independent model for skin colour in HS-space, we assumed that the illuminant is one of the commonly-encountered ``white'' illuminants, namely daylight, and fluorescent or incandescent light sources.
		To conclude, in a general setting skin colour alone will not be sufficiently reliable to specifically identify human subjects in a scene likely to contain skin-look-alike background.
	www.dai.ed.ac.uk /CVonline/LOCAL_COPIES/GONG1/cvOnline-skinColourAnalysis.html (576 words)

	Human Biological Adaptability: Skin Color as an Adaptation
		While skin tanning is often most noticeable on light complexioned people, even those with very dark brown skin can tan as a result of prolonged exposure to the sun.
		However, too much ultraviolet radiation penetrating the skin may cause the break down of folic acid (or folate--one of the B vitamins) in the body, which can cause anemia.
		In such an environment, very dark skin is a disadvantage because it can prevent people from producing enough vitamin D, potentially resulting in rickets disease in children and osteoporosis in adults.
	anthro.palomar.edu /adapt/adapt_4.htm (1490 words)

	The Integumentary System (Skin): Medical Terminology for Cancer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		dermatophytosis = a fungal infection of the skin
		Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer and accounts for half of all new cancers in Western populations.
		A type of skin cancer arising in squamous cells (the flat, scaly cells on the surface of the skin).
	www.cancerindex.org /medterm/medtm5.htm (1024 words)

	Skin colour: A shady issue? - Lifestyle - MyBindi
		Who knew skin colour would spark spasms of abrupt anger between grandmother and granddaughter - a rift so deep leaving no hope of a truce between the two.
		Skin colour is a shady issue in South Asia and in South Asian diasporas.
		Though dark skin colour caused Chowdhury to endure an upsetting relationship with her grandmother, her older sister is suffering a fate considered by many South Asians to be much worse - not being able to find a husband.
	www.mybindi.com /lifestyle/perspectives/skincolour.html (1505 words)

	Skin Colour Detection Under Changing Lighting Conditions - Storring, Andersen, Granum (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Skin colour detection is an often used cue in human motion tracking, especially in face tracking.
		In this paper skin colour is modelled based on a reectance model of the skin, knowledge about the camera parameters, and the spectrum of the light source.
		In particular, the location of the skin colour area in the chromaticity plane is estimated for dierent light sources, given known camera characteristics.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /443532.html (489 words)

	Articles & Advice \| Skin Lightening - Skinlight
		The amount of melanin (the skin's pigmenting agent) in the body determines the colour of the skin.
		It also fades discolorations and hyper-pigmentations of the skin such as age spots, liver spots, freckles, or skin pigmentation that may occur from exposure to the sun, during pregnancy, or from the use of oral contraceptives (such as melasma).
		The Skin Whitening System works instantly to inhibit the melanin production, the reason it takes time to notice a difference is because you have to wait for your skin to renew itself in order for the new lighter skin underneath to become visible.
	www.skinlightcosmetics.co.uk /ad_content.php?id=6 (1216 words)

	Colour based detection, localization and tracking of skin
		The skin colour is often used as a cue for detecting, localization and tracking targets containing skin, like faces and hands in an image.
		The colour correction was a version of the white patch method in which transformation coefficients are calculated from the mean of the highest 5 % luminance pixels if their amount exceeds a fixed threshold and the mean is not a skin tone value.
		Later, the areas found are subjected to Gaussian colour modelling for relevant and noisy skin points and the parameters of the models are evaluated using a fuzzy clustering approach.
	herkules.oulu.fi /isbn9514267885/html/i1030735.html (1945 words)

	Skin Colour - British Association of Dermatologists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The colour of skin depends primarily on a pigment called melanin.
		The constitutive colour is that which is genetically determined without the effect of sunshine.
		The difference in colour between Caucasoid, Mangoloid and Negroid skin is due to the number and arrangement of the melanosomes in the keratinocyte.
	www.bad.org.uk /public/skin/colour (256 words)

	Naked Apes and Skin colour in Humans
		We do understand the genetic basis behind skin colour pretty well, what we haven't understand until recently is exactly why different races of humanity should have different coloured skin in the first place.
		It was easy for people to observe that the nearer a race of humanity lived to the equator the darker the colour of their skin.
		In more modern times we came to understand that skin colour was a result of the presence of a molecule called Melanin, a large complex molecule involving several carbon rings.
	www.earthlife.net /mammals/colour.html (1130 words)

	Family Tree DNA Forum - DNA & Skin Colour(news)
		Thanks to a mutation in a gene that controls skin pigmentation, the "golden" zebrafish has stripes that are much fainter than the fl and white stripes of normal zebrafish.
		Cheng noticed that the difference in skin pigmentation patterns between these two fish varieties seemed to mimic the pigmentation differences seen in people with either dark or light skin.
		Cheng and his colleagues say this information could be useful for studying skin cancer, or for finding new ways of changing skin color that wouldn’t be as damaging as tanning.
	www.familytreedna.com /forum/printthread.php?t=1208 (1783 words)

	Vitiligo. DermNet NZ
		Melanin is the pigment that determines the colour of skin, hair, and eyes.
		The normal skin also needs protecting to prevent sunburn (which could cause spreading of the vitiligo), and to reduce the contrast between the normal and the white skin.
		If a dark skinned person has vitiligo affecting a large part of the exposed areas, he or she may wish to undergo depigmentation.
	dermnetnz.org /colour/vitiligo.html (804 words)

	sciforums.com - skin colour
		Skin colour, like any of the phenotypes being talked about, are the result of a complex interaction of different genes (a confusion between gene p and gene d -see Lenny Moss’s book).
		The chief determinant of skin color is the pigment melanin, which protects against ultraviolet rays and is found in cellular organelles called melanosomes.
		In contrast, the variant allele is nearly fixed in European populations, is associated with a substantial reduction in regional heterozygosity, and correlates with lighter skin pigmentation in admixed populations, suggesting a key role for the SLC24A5 gene in human pigmentation.
	www.sciforums.com /showthread.php?t=50970 (2238 words)

	Skin Complexion and Texture
		The main reason for the darkening of skin colour is the over-absorption of the natural colouring pigment, melanin, by the top most cell layer in our skin.
		The aspects of skin complexion and texture that need our maximum attention are skin colour, clarity and excessive dryness, roughness and oiliness respectively.
		After cleansing the skin with soft soap, tone it with rose water, apply a spoon full of glycerine to which a few drops vitamin oil or amla oil have been added on the face.
	flavoursofindia.tripod.com /complexion.html (613 words)

	Skin Type Test
		Skin type is often categorised according to the Fitzpatrick skin type scale which ranges from very fair (skin type 1) to very dark (skin type 6).
		Skin type is determined genetically and is one of the many aspects of your overall appearance, which also includes colour of eyes, hair etc. The way your skin reacts to sun esposure is another important factor in correctly assessing your skin type.
		Recent tanning (sunbathing, sunbeds or tanning creams) has a major impact on the evaluation of your skin colour and it is vital that this is discussed with your consultant before testing the skin.
	www.epilationservices.com /epilation/show-detail.php/Show/260 (372 words)

	More than skin deep. What does skin do? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		If the skin is cut, new skin cells grow and repair the damaged area.
		When skin is exposed to the sun, more melanin is produced and the skin darkens.
		To protect your skin you are advised to cover up in the sun with clothes, a wide brimmed hat and sunglasses with uv protection.
	www.schoolscience.co.uk /content/4/biology/abpi/skin/skin2.html (330 words)

	Great Moments in Science - Skin Colour 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Last time I talked about skin colour, and how if your hide is loaded with lots of a chemical called melanin, your skin is dark in colour.
		Back in the 1960s, a biochemist, W. Farnsworth Loomis, suggested that some people have a light skin colour so their body can make vitamin D. Vitamin D is necessary for proper metabolism of calcium.
		So people who live near the Poles need a light skin, and maybe a fishing industry, to get their Vitamin D. Luckily vitamin D is fat soluble, so you can store enough to prevent a deficiency for about three or four months, which would get you through the worst of a deep Arctic winter.
	www.abc.net.au /science/k2/moments/s253070.htm (893 words)

	Skin Colour - Summary
		Human skin demonstrates a wide spectrum of colours, ranging from shades of dark brown to almost white.
		Other pigments that contribute to skin colour include haemoglobin (oxygen carrying pigment in red blood cells) and carotene (fat-soluble pigments found in green, yellow, leafy vegetables, and yellow fruits).
		In darker skinned people, melanin is found through many layers of the skin, including the outermost layers.
	www.virtualgastrocentre.com /anatomy.asp?sid=9 (452 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| Key gene 'controls skin colour'
		It is hoped the research may lead to new ways to treat skin cancer.
		Potentially, it may also lead to the development of new ways to modify skin colour without damaging it by tanning or using harsh chemical lighteners.
		The genetic determination of human skin colour is one of biology's enduring mysteries.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/health/4531966.stm (533 words)

	moock.org>> asdg>> technotes>> skinning the V2 ProgressBar component
		Skinning a component means replacing the component's graphics entirely, producing a completely new appearance for the component.
		However, locating the skin properties in the source code for a component's class can be difficult because the code is often not thoroughly commented and the skin property names do not follow a single naming convention.
		To skin a component in a new document, we simply copy the component's skin movie clips from one of the supplied themes into the new document, then alter the graphics as desired.
	www.moock.org /asdg/technotes/skinningV2ProgressBar (4519 words)

	Skin colour gene discovered
		Researchers have discovered one of the most important skin colour genes identified to date - that which determines why people of European descent have lighter skin than people of African descent.
		Alterations in some of these genes are related to conditions such as albinism, which leads to extremely light coloured skin.
		We can not expect to use humans genetics to understand complex diseases most effectively without first working out how fundamental characteristics, such as eye, hair and skin colour, are determined", said one of the researchers, Mark Shriver, an associate professor of anthropology.
	www.irishhealth.com /eczema/newsstory.php?id=8686 (265 words)

	Skin colour controlled by key gene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The research has the potential to lead to the development of new ways to modify skin colour without damaging it by tanning or using harsh chemical lighteners.
		Scientists say that the genetic determination of human skin colour is one of biology's enduring mysteries.
		Alterations in some of these genes are associated with disorders such as albinism, which causes very light skin, but also vision problems, while most of the genes responsible for normal differences in skin pigmentation have remained unknown.
	www.news-medical.net /?id=15052 (631 words)

	Does Skin Colour Matter? - StoriesMania - short stories, poems, essays, scripts and online fiction
		In short, Dr. Lewis is arguing that human beings are, to all intents and purposes very much alike biologically.Differences between races therefore, can perhaps better be conceptualised as social constructs, for example one species believing it is socially, culturally superior to another, moreover being able to enact their belief in reality.
		Therefore, for these very reasons, I would argue that it is always necessary to see beyond the colour of a person's 'skin', viewing instead such biologically insignificant differences within the social context to which they belong, and cannot be seperated.
		The significance of skin colour thus, will generally depend on your own internalised views of the relative significance of biological and social evolution....
	www.storiesmania.net /community/showthread.php?p=8278 (1066 words)

	Suzy's World: Skin Colour
		The colour of a human’s skin depends on how much melanin there is in their skin.
		People who’s ancestors lived in cold places, far away from the equator where there was not a lot of strong sunlight will have less melanin in their skin so they will have light skin.
		Compare your skin to the skin of members of your family and to your friends in your classroom.
	www.suzy.co.nz /suzysworld/Factpage.asp?FactSheet=238 (363 words)

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