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Topic: Skin or Gill Flukes

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	Koi Resources Directory - All About Koi
		Gill fluke are hermaphrodites meaning they possess both female and male reproductive sex organs, thus a pond devoid of all parasites (if such a thing can ever exist) that encounters a solitary fluke can soon, if conditions prevail for that fluke to thrive, be overrun with fluke.
		As mentioned before the gill fluke is an egg-laying parasite and treatment is a little difficult as it is very much a case of which came first the chicken or the egg.
		Fluke eggs hatching rate is also temperature dependant at low temperatures they will take months to hatch and can indeed lie in waiting for the temperature to rise, or at summer temperatures will hatch in about 4 days, this makes treatment extremely difficult in the case of Dactylogyrus, but not impossible, so don’t worry.
	www.allaboutkoi.co.uk /article_info.php?articles_id=49 (1417 words)

	Gill Flukes, Skin Flukes of gold fish and koi
		Gill flukes lay eggs and the rate of egg laying is a function of pond temperature...
		Flukes feed on blood and mucus close to the surface of the fish's gill or skin.
		Skin flukes are happy to reside in the gills as Gill flukes are to live on the skin.
	www.pondsandpumps.co.uk /artflukes.htm (335 words)

	Blane Perun's TheSea.Org
		Flukes have an array of hooks at one end of their body which they use to anchor themselves to the fish and to move around in a jerky, caterpillar-like fashion.
		Skin and gill flukes are common fish parasites and in small numbers probably cause little harm.
		Flukes can cause lesions and tissue damage as well as producing side affects such as hyperplasia of both skin and gill epithelium and creating entry sites for secondary infections.
	www.thesea.org /coral_reef_information/glossary/fish_diseases_glossary.php (1333 words)

	Skin and Gill Flukes in Tropical Fish
		In the case of skin fluke, which is a parasitic flatworm, they are unlikely to show themselves to the extent where you would be able to remove them manually as you can with leeches or fish lice.
		However, skin fluke also causes a fading of color, and because the treatment is common to other types of parasites, you are best to go with a general medication, such as Droncit or formalin baths, when unsure whether it is skin fluke or not.
		Gill fluke is a worm that specifically attacks the gill membranes, causing them to turn red and acquire a coating of slime that makes it difficult to breathe.
	www.lycos.ca /lifestyle/pets/skin_and_gill_flukes_in_tropical_fish.html (313 words)

	Skin and Gill Flukes in Tropical Fish
		However, skin fluke also causes a fading of color, and because the treatment is common to other types of parasites, you are best to go with a general medication, such as Droncit or formalin baths, when unsure whether it is skin fluke or not.
		Gill fluke is a worm that specifically attacks the gill membranes, causing them to turn red and acquire a coating of slime that makes it difficult to breathe.
		The same tank treatments as skin fluke can be used, but with gill fluke, removing to a hospital tank and adding short baths in either formalin, salt or ammonium hydroxide to the regimen will help kill what is on the fish, and you can then treat their environment.
	www.betta-town.com /betta-fish-articles/index.php?print=80 (365 words)

	[No title]
		Fish gills are susceptible to parasite, bacterial and fungal diseases.
		Costia occasionally live on the skin and gills of healthy fish and it is believed that the fish's defences keep the parasite population under control.
		Skin and gill flukes Skin and gill flukes are common fish parasites and in small numbers probably cause little harm. In large numbers both skin and gill flukes represent a serious threat to fish health.
	www.midyork.org /training/rar/fish_disease.doc (1316 words)

	Diseases of Fish Part 7 Aquarium.Net April 97
		The popular name of this family is called "Flukes" and in fact they are skin or gill flukes, which attach themselves to the skin or gills of the fish, and thereby can cause a great deal of damage.
		In some cases in early infestation they can be observed with the naked eye on the skin of the fish, but as the outbreak "deepens" the fish puts out massive amounts of slime, in a vain attempt to neutralize the parasite and this covers the organisms so that it is hard to see them individually.
		Gills will become massively parasitized and a smear or other examination of the gills should easily determine the cause of the infestation.
	www.reefs.org /library/aquarium_net/0497/0497_6.html (2282 words)

	Flukes (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Gyrodactylus (Skin flukes) are a worm shaped and have a set of hooks for fastening on the Koi located at the rear of their bodies.
		Dactylogyrus (Gill flukes) are similar to the Skin fluke, they also have hooks located at the rear of their bodies, but these are surrounded by a number of smaller hooks, to attach themselves to the host.
		Neither Skin- nor Gill flukes are visible to the naked eye and a skin scrape must be viewed under a microscope for a positive identification.
	www.jakoi.com /flukes.htm (611 words)

	Diseases of Fish Part 7 Aquarium.Net April 97
		The popular name of this family is called "Flukes" and in fact they are skin or gill flukes, which attach themselves to the skin or gills of the fish, and thereby can cause a great deal of damage.
		In some cases in early infestation they can be observed with the naked eye on the skin of the fish, but as the outbreak "deepens" the fish puts out massive amounts of slime, in a vain attempt to neutralize the parasite and this covers the organisms so that it is hard to see them individually.
		Gills will become massively parasitized and a smear or other examination of the gills should easily determine the cause of the infestation.
	ibmring.com /guppy/articles/diseases7.htm (2282 words)

	Fluke 111
		Liver flukes are a polyphyletic group of a trematodes (a kind of flatworm).
		''Fluke'' was a 1995 motion picture release about a man who dies in a car crash caused by his business partner and whose soul enters the body of a dog.
		Even though Fluke began in the late 1980s, the first recognition they got is for their second album ''Six Wheels On My Wagon'', which has a much improved sound on ''The Techno Rose Of Blighty'', as Fluke have improved their musical skills.
	www.frozenup.com /pages9/33/fluke-111.html (877 words)

	Gill Flukes
		Flukes: Gyrodactylus/Dactylogyrus are larger parasites, easily diagnosed from skin and gill scrapes under the microscope.
		Spiderweb lesions in the skin and reddened fins.
		Gill damage may be severe, and Flukes kill lots of fry annually.
	www.nfkpc.org /html/gill_flukes.html (203 words)

	Gill flukes - The Aquarium Wiki
		These are common worm like parasites about 1-2mm in length which live in and reproduce in the gills of cold water or tropical fish.
		A Gill fluke has a series of hooks on its body and uses them to attach and drill into the flesh of the fish via the gills.
		But the flukes also reduce the ability of the fish to take in oxygen and if the flukes multiply then the fish becomes listless and dies of either a bacteria infection or oxygen starvation.
	www.theaquariumwiki.com /Gill_flukes (503 words)

	Koi Diseases - Koi Information
		The juvenile stages settle in the gills of Koi, when they mature they mate and the male leaves the Koi, the fertilized female settles on the body of the Koi and continues to grow, becoming the familiar worm shape.
		Trichodina is one of the easiest protozoan parasites to detect under the microscope as it is almost perfectly round with hundreds of hooks which resemble cilia found its periphery and it constantly rotates as it moves through the mucus, causing tissues damage.
		The white spots on the skin, gills and fins are individual protozoan cells that are under the skin and feed on the body fluids and cells.
	www.lagunakoi.com /subcat44.html (1497 words)

	KoiVet.com - Chloramine T
		Gill and skin flukes are common external parasites of koi presented to the Fish Health Service at the University of California, Davis.
		Gill, skin, kidney, and liver were the primary tissues of interest for potential toxic effects associated with the exposures.
		I found that flukes did occasionally recur after a week if the fish were only given one treatment, so I increased the protocol for small koi to include a four hour static bath exposure every other day for a total of two treatments.
	www.koivet.com /html/articles/articles_print.php?article_id=71 (1838 words)

	Diseases part 2
		Believe it or not gill and skin flukes are common flatworm parasites of fishes.
		There are lots of flukes that live on the skin and not the gills of fish and these are always of the mono or first group.
		Fortunately, we have several treatments for gill flukes, but not all treatments are effective on different kinds of fluke, and you might have to try several before eliminating an outbreak.
	article.dphnet.com /cat-02/JQuarlespart2.shtml (660 words)

	Caring For Koi & Pondfish Gill Flukes (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Skin flukes are happy to live in the gills and gill flukes also live on the skin.
		The gills are very appetising for parasites as they offer a constant source of food that is very accessible, with the gills having such a thin penetrable membrane separating the nutritious blood from water.
		However, it is rare for a gill fluke problem to be an isolated infestation and usually occurs with an increase in other ectoparasites such as Chilodinella, Trichodina and Gyrodactylus which can be easily diagnosed with a skin scrape.
	www.thepondprofessor.com /pondhealth/flukes.htm (593 words)

	Koi Diseases - Koi Information - TateGoi-Koi
		It affects both the skin and gills of Koi, and reproduces itself by binary fission.
		Gill maggots are the mature females of the parasitic crustacean Ergasilus.
		Flukes are a bit like fleas on dogs and cats and it is common to see one or two on a slide as a healthy Koi can control parasite numbers and their mucus helps prevent the parasite moving.
	www.tategoi-koi.com /subcat166.html (1426 words)

	Adelaide Aquariums information pages: Diagnosing and treating fish diseases
		Gill flukes cause redness and inflammation of the gills, with possible bleeding.
		If flukes have been present, the aquarium can be treated with a medication which uses praziquantel or trichlorphon to protect new fish from infection.
		For skin flukes a single treatment is sufficient, for gill flukes, treat a second time after 4 days.
	www.adelaideaquariums.com.au /faqs/disease/showdis.asp?DiseaseID=10 (492 words)

	The Skeptical Aquarist
		Doc Johnson says, "Flukes are to fish as fleas are to dogs:" see his brief article at www.koivet.com.
		Gill Flukes (Gyrodactylus) live as external parasites attached to the gills, where they're protected by the gill cover and are less likely to to swept off.
		A chronically affected fish gasps laboriously, perhaps with one gill closed and not functioning, but it is unlikely to die from gill flukes directly.
	www.skepticalaquarist.com /docs/health/trematodes.shtml (1680 words)

	Gill Flukes - Tiny parasites infesting a fish's gills
		Symptoms: Fish rapidly pumps its gills open and shut, hangs at the surface of the water, becomes lethargic, "flashes" gills become pink and mucousy and pink.
		To make sure you have gill flukes and not something else, take a skin srape by netting the fish, laying it on something sanitary, waiting until it stops thrashing, and quickly scraping some mucous off the gill plate and returning the fish to water.
		Flukes can lay two types of eggs, one wich hatches about 2-4 days later and one, only laid in very cold water, than will hatch only when the water temperature rises again, usually 4 months or so later in the spring.
	eric.petfish.net /flukes.htm (410 words)

	Gyrodactylus
		Skin flukes are often called “Gyros,” a nickname which should be used sparingly.
		When conditions are suitable and fish populations are high skin flukes can multiply rapidly and the damage done to the host by the attachment organs of the flukes can result in high mortalities, therefore their presence in the aquarium is most often considered grounds for therapeutic treatment.
		Diagnosis of the disease is by observation of the flukes in a skin scraping or fin sample from an infected fish.
	www.geocities.com /steevward/gyrodactylus.html (882 words)

	Fluke and Tapeworm Tabs 25s Aqua Master Pets Wares Plus Pet Supplies
		FLUKES (Monogenetic trematodes) are common parasites of freshwater and marine fishes.
		Fish infested with Gill Fluke show signs of respiratory distress, rapid gill movement, hanging at the surface etc. Fish with Fluke infestation of skin and fins exhibit signs similar to external protozoal infestations such as small red spots on skins and fins and scraping on objects in the aquarium to relieve irritations.
		Flukes can sometimes be seen with the naked eye as tiny pale worms 0.1 to 2mm in length, identification of the particular species is not important as treatment is the same for all flukes.
	www.petsplus.com.au /pet-shop.asp?id=266 (384 words)

	koi & H2O stuff
		Two koi were placed in the test vat and one was scraped and scoped to determine the numbers of flukes present, when systematically going through the slide with a moving stage microscope, a staggering 162 flukes were counted, and as before a small percentage of these were gill flukes.
		But this particular subject displayed 162 flukes under the microscope prior to treatment, so it would seem that a better than 95% kill rate was achieved yet again But at some time during the test the water temperature dropped quite dramatically to 5c and it was felt this could have slowed the treatment down.
		The microscope showed only one skin fluke and the test subjects were not showing any signs of stress or ill health and have been back in the main quarantine pond for a further week and are exhibiting normal behaviour and feeding patterns.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /duncan.griffiths/Telmin.htm (2771 words)

	Skin Or Gill Flukes \| Lsg Levert Sweat Gill (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In their desire to increase profits with Internet sales dalip singh gill business people reach new goals with the increased business There are many advantages that e-commerce will give the prem gill organizations have over traditional louis gill architect san diego stores is lower costs of doing business on the Internet..
		Our romey gill mirza web presence is pretty new so we have not yet managed to supply lots of info, but what we have done so far is researched the very best skin or gill flukes sites on the net.
		As the electronic commerce phenomenon continues gill norbert enterprises grow with electronic commerce innovations The obvious advantages to the skin or gill flukes merchants have when competing with the physical skin or gill flukes dealers is the great savings in day to day business expenses that are numerous.
	enys.info /skin-or-gill-flukes.htm (330 words)

	Fish Diseases
		Skin and gill flukes are caused by parasitic flatworms known as Trematodes.
		Skin and gill flukes can also be the reason behind hyperplasia of both skin and gill epithelium.
		When the skin and gills are damaged by Trematodes, it will be even easier for new Trematodes to attack the fish.
	www.aquaticcommunity.com /disease (1020 words)

	flukes - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Fluke (parasite): illustration of human blood fluke life cycle
		Fluke (tail) : animals with distinctive flukes: Bottlenose Dolphins
		FishDoc: Fish disease: Skin and gill flukes, diagnosis and treatment.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/search.aspx?q=flukes (305 words)

	Acriflavin, Formalin, Malachite Green, F.M.G. MIXTURE, Gill Wash, Permanganate Dip, Koi Calm, Ulcer-Swab, Koi Care ...
		Gill Wash contains an antibacterial surface-active agent, which helps to remove excess mucus from the skin and gills.
		Bathing in Gill Wash gently removes the excess mucus to allow the fish to breathe more easily at the same time combating any infection, which may be present.
		Gill Wash is also a very useful disinfectant for nets and equipment.
	www.koicarp.net /water_treatment/new_technology1.html (997 words)

	Flukes
		Gill flukes will do direct damage to their delicate gill structure and cause respiratory problems.
		While fluke might be relatively easy to identify, it is not as easy to treat as the excess slime coat will shield the fluke from medications to a certain degree.
		It is doubly hard to treat gill flukes as the gills are not as accessible to the meds and once again, the excess slime further hinder treatment.
	www.koipondtalk.com /smf/index.php?page=16 (285 words)

	IT dead after rubbing its gill on tank base... Help! - Page 2 - Arofanatics Fish Talk Forums
		Using a quaternary ammonium compound in conjunction with, but not at the same time as, salt baths can be useful, in both clearing the skin and gills of excess mucus and debris as well as soothing damaged tissues.
		Whilst, with enough determination, beating skin flukes is relatively easy, however, the same can't always be said for gill flukes.
		Because of gill hyperplasia and increased mucus, the gill-dwellers are often afforded a high degree of protection from chemical treatments.
	www.arofanatics.com /forums/showthread.php?p=5608157 (1381 words)

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