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Topic: Skolt Sami

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	Sami languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sami is a general name for a group of the Uralic languages spoken in parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia, in Northern Europe.
		The Sami languages are spoken by the Sami people living in Lapland in Northern Europe.
		Sami is an official language of the municipalities of Kautokeino, Karasjok, Kåfjord, Nesseby, Sør-Varanger and Tana.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sami_languages (828 words)

	Skolt Sami - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Skolt Sami (Sää´mǩiõll) is a Finno-Ugric, Sami language spoken in Finland and nearby parts of Russia.
		Skolt Sami is thus an endangered language, unlike the neighboring Inari Sami with the same number of speakers, in the same municipality.
		(Notice the disagreement between Skolt Sami orthography and IPA, and the difference between historical and synchronic palatalization.) The strike indicates fricative articulation; D is a dental stop, Đ is a dental fricative.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Skolt_Sami (603 words)

	The Sami in Finland — Virtual Finland
		The Sami practised Fishing, hunting and small-scale reindeer herding in an area reaching from Lake Ladoga to the Arctic Ocean and from the White Sea to the Köli Ridge.
		Sami culture is based on the divers and sustainable use of their territory in order fulfill the basic needs of the people.
		The administration of the educational centre is dominated by Sami, and new teachers are to be proficient in Sami.
	virtual.finland.fi /finfo/english/saameng.html (3093 words)

	Nordic Culture > The Sami languages - Scandinavica.com
		Northern Sami is the largest-spoken Sami language, used by a 75% of all the Sami-speaking population.
		Skolt Sami enjoys official status in the Finland, where it can be learnt at some schools and is one of the four official languages of the Inari municipality, along with Finnish, Inari Sami, and Northern Sami.
		Kemi Sami was spoken in the southernmost regions of Finnish Lapland and neighbouring Russia until the 1850s and was quite close to Inari Sami and Skolt Sami.
	www.scandinavica.com /culture/language/saami.htm (917 words)

	SAMI IN SWEDEN
		However, Sami is not considered to be a fully official language and it is not usually possible for speakers to address the Administration in the language.
		Sami children can complete their primary schooling either in the regular State-supported schools in their home districts or at one of the State-run Sami schools where children are taught in both the Sami and the Swedish languages.
		Sami people, today, have more means to reproduce their own language, although the survival of Sami does not depend on institutional help but on its speakers' attitudes and life conditions.
	www.uoc.edu /euromosaic/web/document/sami/an/i2/i2.html (3450 words)

	Siida - Sää'mjie'llem - History
		Yearly migration routes of the Skolt Sámi siidas in the Petsamo Region as recorded at the beginning of the 20th century.
		The Skolt Sámi swore an oath of allegiance to the State of Finland, but the new home country paid little attention to the rights of the indigenous population of the area.
		Later, a law on Skolt Sámi settlement was passed, defining for instance the rights of the Skolt Sámi to land and waters in their new home regions.
	www.siida.fi /saamjiellem/english/historia.html (775 words)

	SAMI IN FINLAND
		Despite treating the Sami in Finland as a single language group, it should be borne in mind that local linguistic varieties are mutually non-intelligible; that one group of speakers only recently moved into Finland; and that the Sami in northern Scandinavia have close relationships across borders.
		The Sami inhabit an area between the Kola peninsula in Russia to the north of Finland, Norway and Sweden, astride the Kolen mountains south to Trondheim in Norway and to Idre in Sweden.
		The Forest Sami in the east, whose economy was premised upon trapping and fishing began to suffer incursions by in-migrants from the south whose slash-and-burn agriculture damaged the Forest Sami economy.
	www.uoc.edu /euromosaic/web/document/sami/an/i1/i1.html (7379 words)

	The Sami of Norway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Thus, the everyday use of the Sami language is decisive in determining a person's right to be classified as a Sami and his or her right to vote for representatives to the Sami Parliament or be eligible for election.
		Sami was taught in the schools, and new institutions were established, such as the Sami Collections in Karasjok and the South Sami Collections, a museum and cultural centre for the South Sami, in South Trøndelag county.
		from Norway, NRL and NSR and from Finland, the Sami Parliament.
	www.reisenett.no /facts/culture_science/sami.html (4060 words)

	National Minorities of Finland, The Sámi — Virtual Finland
		Inari and Skolt Sámi seemed doomed to extinction, but their future now looks brighter since "language nests" were established for children to safeguard the survival of both languages.
		Skolt Village Assemblies (Siidsääbbar) exist in the Näätämö and the Nellim-Keväjärvi districts and are the main forums for dealing with everyday Skolt affairs.
		The Skolt Area, where the Skolt were resettled after the annexation of the Petsamo area by the Soviet Union, is specified by law and covers the eastern part of the municipality of Inari.
	virtual.finland.fi /netcomm/news/showarticle.asp?intNWSAID=26473 (3530 words)

	Sami languages biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Sami is a general name for a group of Finno-Ugric languages spoken in parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia, in Northern Europe.
		The Sami languages in the Scandinavian Peninsula form a continuum where dialects from areas close to each other are mutually intelligible but the distance in language increases with geographical distance.
		By contrast Inari Sami and Skolt Sami are completely separate languages with clearly defined linguistic and geographical borders.
	www.biography.ms /Sami_language.html (595 words)

	Skolt Sámi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Thus, Skolt Sami differ from the other languages in having xfst rather than twolc as the basic format for its rule file.
		The Skolt Sámi written language is the one with the highest number of modified Latin letters.
		Due to technical limitations when the Skolt Sámi parser was worked on, it is still written in the Latin 1 encoding, with digraphs for the Skolt Sámi letters (e.g.
	divvun.no /doc/lang/sms/docu-sms-background.html (143 words)

	Nellim
		The Skolt Sámi were moved to Sevettijärvi and Näätämö area result of the war in 1940’s when Finland lost the Petsamo area.
		The Skolt Sámi live in the eastern parts of the Inari municipality, in the south-east and north-east of Lake Inari.
		This area is called Skolt Sámi area where they have own Skolt Sámi law (253/95), which is aiming to promote Skolt population and Skolt area’s living circumstances and support the living opportunities both their unique culture.
	www.inarilapland.org /en/finseesevettijarvi.htm (362 words)

	THE REPORT OF FINLAND - Article 15
		Furthermore, under section 56 of the Skolt Act (256/1995) State and municipal authorities shall give the Skolt Sami an opportunity to be heard in important matters concerning the means of living and conditions of the Skolt Sami.
		The authorities shall negotiate with the Sami Parliament in all far-reaching and important measures which may directly and in a specific way affect the status of the Sami as an indigenous people and which concern matters in the Sami Homeland as referred to in the Act (Section 9).
		The Sami, the Roma, the Tatars and the Swedish-speaking Finns have representatives in town councils.
	www.humanrights.coe.int /Minorities/Eng/FrameworkConvention/StateReports/1999/finland/Article_15.htm (885 words)

	[No title]
		By a 1955 Act on the Settlement of the Skolt Sami the ownership to the houses and buildings thus erected, as well as to the land needed for them, was granted to the Skolt Sami without consideration.
		The sixth provision requires that the Sami be given a "COLLECTIVE right to participate FULLY in the economic, political and social life and to have their specific character reflected in the legal system and in the political institutions" in Finland.
		An additional channel for the Sami to contribute to the improvement of their own position is provided by the Sami Parliament, an organ the composition of which is determined, through elections, solely by the Sami.
	www.cwis.org /fwdp/International/88-12368.txt (3740 words)

	Framework 1/2004
		The reasons that led to the contempt of and disappointment with the Skolt Sámi—as opposed to the mountain or Teno Sámi, for example—are complex.
		The attitude was in part political, which it clearly is in the case of Wallenius: he likened the Skolt Sámi with the Reds and the Communists.
		Living in seemingly primitive conditions, the Skolt Sámi hunters came originally from Russia, or even worse, were of the Russian Orthodox faith, who, just like the Russians, were regarded as inferior in the newly independent Finland as much in terms of their race as their customs, language and religion.
	www.framework.fi /1_2004/focus/artikkelit/lehtola.html (1644 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In Finland, three Sami languages are spoken: the North Sami, Inari Sami and Skolt Sami.
		North Sami is the most common one, and it is spoken widely in the northern parts of the Sami Regions in Finland, Sweden and Norway.
		It is also possible to study Sami as one's mother tongue or to take it as an optional subject both on the comprehensive and senior high school level.
	lotta.yle.fi /srwebanar.nsf/sivut/Content00D4A (271 words)

	Sami
		In Finland, where there are not very many Sami speakers compared to Norway, particular orthographic practices of that language write long vowels with double letters, hence "saami".
		As a borrowing it ought to come from Norwegian rather than =46innish; -aa- is rare enough in English and "Sami" is natural enough (cf swami, naturalized in English from Sanakrit for at least 200 years).
		Yes, it is my view that the councils for Sami speakers in the Nordic countries have erred in choosing "Saami" over "Sami", which is by far an away the more natural spelling in English, just as it is in Norwegian and Swedish.
	www.alvestrand.no /pipermail/ietf-languages/2002-February/000066.html (838 words)

	MERCATOR :: Butlleti 58: Sami Language Act - Finland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The purpose of this Act is to ensure, for its part, the constitutional right of the Sámi to maintain and develop their own language and culture.
		A reference in another Act or Decree to the repealed Act on the Use of the Sámi Language before the Authorities shall after the entry into force of this Act be considered a reference to this Act.
		The provisions of the previous legislation continue to apply to matters that have become pending before the entry into force of this Act, unless the authority otherwise decides in view of the rights and interests of the parties.
	www.ciemen.org /mercator/butlletins/58-03.htm (2735 words)

	TranslatorsCafe.com Forums : From Language to Literature : We must know our language to survive forever
		A person is considered Sami if he consideres himself Sami and either has himself learned Sami or has at least one parent or grandparent who has learned Sami as his mother tongue.
		In 1992, a Language Act was passed in Finland to guarantee the official status and use of the Sami language.
		Skolt SÃ¡mi also has the unenviable distinction of being the only ancient or modern European language written in the Latin script that the multilingual Dvorak keyboard that I designed does not (yet) fully support.
	www.translatorscafe.com /cafe/MegaBBS/thread-view.asp?threadid=434&start=11 (3094 words)

	The Sami homeland, Samieh Eatneme, Sapmi.
		Even though the Sami's are one people that share a common past, there has been a lot of differentiation over the ages.
		The Sami's are not such a homogeneous group one could be made to believe after reading some of the descriptions found in english literature and on some websites.
		The Sami language also differs quite a lot from area to area, and when one person travels from one end of the Sami nation to the other the difference gets that large that the dialects gets mutually incomprehensible.
	www.itv.se /boreale/laante.htm (1021 words)

	Skolt Sami Rule File (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Skolt Sami rule file differs from the other languages in being an xfst file, rather than a twolc file (each format have different chapters in the pdf version of the Xerox book).
		The reason why xfst is chosen for Skolt Sami (and in the future also for Inari Sami(?)) is that there are several cases of many-to-many replacements in the Skolt Sami grammar.
		The rule file for Skolt Sami is divided into 5 main types:
	divvun.no /doc/lang/sms/docu-sms-xfst.html (265 words)

	Siida - Sää'mjie'llem - Skolt Sámi Life - Kolttaelämää (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A multimedia show about the Skolt Sámi experience before and after the evacuation and settlement period.
		The web site is based on the exhibition of the Inari Sámi Museum Siida, which commemorated the 50th anniversary of the settlement of the Skolt Sámi in their present home regions.
		A generous package of information of the history and present of the Skolt Sámi.
	www.siida.fi /saamjiellem/english (100 words)

	Sami languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		They are Akkala (Babino) Sami, Ter Sami, Pite Sami and Ume Sami.
		The Northern Sami dialect has had more than one orthography, but in 1948 a common orthography was created.
		The Lule Sami dialect has a common orthography but with fewer special characters, only a-acute and n-acute.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/S/Sami-languages.htm (711 words)

	The Sami in Finland: Identity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Sami have traditionally been united by their family, language, religion, dwelling system and livelihoods.
		Of the Sami-speaking Sami, 70% use North Sami, 15% use Inari Sami and 15% Skolt Sami.
		According to the present legislation, a Sami-speaking pupil within the Sami region is entidled to obtain his or her primary and secondary education in Sami.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/theo-3/OldFiles/data/web_type/People/identi.htm (626 words)

	Geona.com - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		SSN - Suoma Sámi Nuorat - Suomen saamelaisnuoret - Sami Youth in...
		SSN - Suoma Sámi Nuorat - Suomen saamelaisnuoret - Sami Youth in Finland Suoma Sámi Nuorat, the Sami Youth organisation in Finland Suoma Sámi Nuorat (SSN), the Sami Youth organisation in Finland, was established in 1991.
		Sami Radio Suomeksi Sámegillii SAMI RADIO - VOICE OF SAMILAND We have our own channel where we broadcast on three Sami languages: the North Sami, Inari Sami and Skolt Sami languages.
	www.geona.com /search?c=/Society/Ethnicity/Sami&b= (473 words)

	The Sami people of Finland and the minority legislation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Schools at secondary level particularly are afflicted by a shortage of materials in the Sámi language and of Sámi-speaking teachers of special subjects.
		In recent years the reverse trend in government funding has led to a halt in the previous, positive development, and the municipalities have not been able to bring the education of Sámi children to the level of goals specified in the law.
		The teaching of the Sámi minority languages: Inari Sámi and Skolt Sámi, is at risk for yet another reason: they are optional subjects in schools.
	www.multi.fi /~ulfsjos/CV_US_files/S.htm (6166 words)

	Livelihoods of the Finnish Sámi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In regard to the Skolt Lapps, equivalent arrangements have been accomplished through the Skolt Act.
		The reindeer herding neighbours of the Skolt Sámi are descendants of the Inari Sámi population, settled around the shores of Lake Inari, mountain Sámi settled in Western Inari and Kaamanen, and a few colonist Finns scattered along the main communication routes.
		The traditional reindeer economy of the Inari Sámi was essentially similar to that of the Skolt Sámi, characterized by small scale and intensivity.
	www.uku.fi /ssf/seminaari/livelihoods_saamelaiset.htm (10445 words)

	U.S.ENGLISH Foundation Official Language Research - Finland: Background
		In the 19th century, the establishment of a school system changed behavior towards the Lapps and their culture and allowed a limited use of “Sámegiella”, which would subsequently be eliminated.
		As for the Skolt and Inari Sámi, they live chiefly in the municipality of Inari, which is the only four-language municipality in Finland (Finnish, Inari, Skolt and North Sámi).
		The speakers of Skolt Sámi (some 400 people) used to live in the Petsamo Region, but after the war they were settled in the Sevettijärvi and Nellim area.
	www.us-english.org /foundation/research/olp/viewResearch.asp?CID=60&TID=2 (2973 words)

	SAMIS or Lapps
		This tract of land, extending over four countries, is 2000 km long, covering almost 400,000 sq.
		In the past the Sami territory used to reach farther South, but under the pressure of other peoples they have been forced to move northwards.
		Sami Parliaments are convened in Norway, Finland and Sweden as advisory assemblies.
	www.suri.ee /eup/samis.html (924 words)

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