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Topic: Skull fracture

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	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The skull is the bony skeleton of the head that consists of the cranium which surrounds the brain and the facial skeleton.
		When a skull fracture is caused by a break in the skull bone, the injured arteries and veins bleed into the spaces around the brain tissue.
		If the fracture is at the base of the skull and tears the meninges, the fluid that circulates between the brain and meninges has been known to leak through the ears or nose.
	www.wipss.com /Med_BasalSkullFracture.htm (455 words)

	Fractures of the Skull
		The rostral mandibular fracture was treated with a plate and screws and the maxillary fracture was treated with external skeletal fixation using Kirschner wires and an acrylic bridge around the perimeter connecting the pins together.
		Palatine fractures may be the result of automobile trauma and may be found in association with maxillary fractures; however, the classic cause is the "high rise" syndrome in cats.
		Whittick WG: Fractures and dislocations of the skull and mandible.
	www.ivis.org /special_books/ortho/chapter_17/17mast.asp (4121 words)

	eMedicine - Skull Fracture : Article by Nazer H Qureshi, MD
		The skull vault is composed of cancellous bone (diploë) sandwiched between 2 tablets, the lamina externa (1.5 mm), and the lamina interna (0.5 mm).
		Longitudinal fracture occurs in the temporoparietal region and involves the squamous portion of the temporal bone, the superior wall of the external auditory canal, and the tegmen tympani.
		Although skull fractures carry a significant potential risk of cranial nerve and vascular injuries and direct brain injury, most skull fractures are linear vault fractures in children and are not associated with epidural hematoma.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic2894.htm (3553 words)

	What is a basal skull fracture?
		Since the bones in the skull are extremely strong this usually only occurs in cases are severe head injury where the blood vessels in the membrane that covers the brain are ruptured causing bleeding into the space between the skull and the outer membrane.
		Although most skull fractures do not require surgery, except in cases where the bone fragments are pressing against the brain or the bones have been jolted out of alignment, all skull fractures are considered serious since the amount of damage to the brain may not always correlate with the damage to the skull.
		Symptoms of skull fractures may include headaches, confusion, persistent blurred vision, unconsciousness, amnesia or loss of memory, muscles weakness, paralysis, loss of sensation, vomiting, unequally sized pupils, double vision and even deteriorating levels of consciousness that suggest progressive brain damage.
	ks.essortment.com /skullfractureb_rsyl.htm (592 words)

	Skull fracture
		Although the skull is tough, resilient, and provides excellent protection for the brain, a severe impact or blow can result in fracture of the skull.
		A linear skull fracture is a break in a cranial bone resembling a thin line, without splintering, depression, or distortion of bone.
		A depressed skull fracture is a break in a cranial bone (or "crushed" portion of skull) with depression of the bone in toward the brain.
	www.3-rx.com /news/health-encyclopedia/6809_0_14_200_M236 (647 words)

	SKULL FRACTURE IN CHILDREN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Skull fractures in children under the age of 5 years can be very serious.
		Skull fractures often happen in babies younger than 2 years old with something simple like falling off a couch, or down the stairs.
		Fractures in children may also be caused by problems with how a bone was formed, tumors, or physical abuse.
	www.medformation.com /ac/mm_qdis.nsf/qd/nd0369g.htm (522 words)

	Skull Fracture
		A skull fracture is caused by a severe blow to the head.
		A skull fracture typically causes pain and swelling or deformity of the skull; bruising or discoloration at the site of the injury, behind the ear, or around the eyes and nose; profuse bleeding from the scalp if the skin is broken; unequal pupils; and blood or clear, watery fluid leaking from the ears or nose.
		Fractures at the base of the skull can tear the meninges—the layers of tissue that enclose the brain—allowing the cerebrospinal fluid that circulates between the brain and the meninges to leak through the nose or ear.
	www.healthsquare.com /mc/fgmc9048.htm (992 words)

	Skull fracture
		Although the skull is tough, resilient, and provides excellent protection for the brain, a severe impact or blow can result in fracture of the skull and may be accompanied by injury to the brain.
		Depressed: a break in a cranial bone (or "crushed" portion of skull) with depression of the bone in toward the brain
		Along with the fracture, brain injury, such as subdural hematoma (bleeding) may occur.
	www.stv.org /adam/encyclopedia/imagepages/19084.htm (194 words)

	uhrad.com Pediatric Imaging Teaching Files (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Skull fractures may actually diminish injury to the underlying brain by dispersing the force from trauma.
		The most common skull fractures are linear and typically in the frontal or parietal region.
		If skull fractures are associated with tears of the underlying dura, herniation of meninges and brain tissue into the diastatic fracture can occur.
	www.uhrad.com /pedsarc/peds054.htm (265 words)

	Skull fracture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Skull fractures can be caused by falls, penetrating injuries by external objects, (such as gunshot wounds, or wounds from knives, hammers, or axes), or as the result of the skull forcefully hitting a solid object.
		If the skull is fractured and the covering of the brain (meninges) is torn, this fluid may drain out through the ears or nose.
		The drainage may indicate a fracture at the front of the skull (frontal bone), the base of the skull (sphenoid or temporal bone), or of the bones that support the nose and sinuses (ethmoid bone).
	www.meritcare.com /hwdb/_followLink.asp?sgml_id=sig39478-sec (359 words)

	Head Injuries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Skull A skull fracture is a break in one or more of the skull bones, caused by a head injury.
		The symptoms and signs of a skull fracture depend mainly on the degree of brain damage sustained.
		Face Facial fractures are usually evident because the victim's features are distorted or there may be numbness, pain, bruising, swelling, and bleeding from the nose or mouth.
	www.innerbody.com /text/faid12.html (387 words)

	Good & Cormier: Woodward: Reply Brief - 980302
		The initial manifestation of it, radiographic manifestation of a healing fracture, is that the dead bone at the edge of the fracture is acted upon by certain cells of the body and are carried away.
		The prosecutor did not reveal the existence of the skull fracture to defense counsel or to the Newton District Court at the February 11 hearing on the second-autopsy request, or at the arraignment or bail hearings on February 6 and 7, respectively.
		Here, the Commonwealth knew that the age of the skull fracture was outcome determinative and, if it failed to perceive the significance of the age of the injury in the case, defense counsel specifically mentioned it at the second-autopsy hearing on February 11.
	www.goodcormier.com /cases/woodward/replybrief.980302.html (4359 words)

	PetPlace.com - Fracture of the Skull (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Fractures of the bones of the skull occur after head trauma – usually a fall from a height or a motor vehicle accident.
		The symptoms of a skull fracture are related to the area of the skull that is affected.
		Fractures of the skull usually require confinement and restriction of your pet’s activity for several weeks.
	petplace.netscape.com /Articles/artShow.asp?artID=697 (495 words)

	Basilar Skull Fracture-Epidural Hematoma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Left occipital skull fracture extending thru the skull base to the spheno-occipital fissure.
		Skull fractures are seen in 45% of affected children.
		Multiple fractures, stellate fractures, bilateral fractures, depressed fractures and fractures which are > 5 mm wide at presentation should raise a suspicion of NAT.
	brighamrad.harvard.edu /Cases/mcr/hcache/170/full.html (215 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL--SECOND HOME EDITION, Skull Fracture in Ch. 87, Head Injuries
		In people with a skull fracture, brain damage may be more severe than in people with a head injury but no fracture.
		Fractures, especially at the back and bottom (base) of the skull, can tear the meninges, the layers of tissue that cover the brain.
		Certain symptoms suggest a fracture at the base of the skull: Cerebrospinal fluid—the clear fluid that flows over the surface of the brain between the meninges—may leak from the nose or ears.
	www.merck.com /mmhe/sec06/ch087/ch087b.html (276 words)

	Re: Pediatric skull fracture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In test groups A-C on a relatively hard surface, skull fractures of the parietale were observed in every case; in test group D this fracture was seen in one case and in test group E in four cases.
		The fracture injuries originated in paper-thin single-layer bone areas without diploe, which can also be considered the preferred regions for skull fractures of older infants following falls from low heights.
		Conclusions: (1) Each fall of an infant from the height of a table may cause a skull fracture, which may lead to death; (2) when child mishandling is suspected, all circumstances must be taken into consideration.
	isb.ri.ccf.org /biomch-l/archives/biomch-l-2002-01/00139.html (515 words)

	Good & Cormier: Woodward: Brief - 980127
		None of these pieces of skull had been preserved, despite the tissue-preservation order, and thus the defense never was able to examine them with post-mortem radiography and microscopy to develop evidence of healing that would have proven beyond dispute that the fracture did not occur on February 4th.
		However, due to the belated disclosure of autopsy photographs of the fracture, after all experts and the defendant had already testified, none of the prosecution’s witnesses were cross-examined about the extent to which the images suggested rounded and lipped edges indicative of healing and age.
		In the absence of a defense witness who had examined the actual skull fracture surfaces, the defense was limited to the testimony of Dr. Baden, who, recalled at the end of the trial, opined that the fracture’s lipped edges in the photographs were indicative of an aged healing process.
	www.goodcormier.com /cases/woodward/brief.980127.html (12359 words)

	Massachusetts v. Woodward
		Woodward's motion for an evidentiary hearing on missing tissue is silent on the skull fracture and she did not press at oral argument for relief on her contention that release of the skull for burial after completion of the autopsy constituted prejudicial loss or destruction of evidence.
		For similar reasons we conclude that the medical examiner's negligence in failing to produce in a timely way the two closer, more sharply focused photographs of the skull fracture and the prejudice from their belated availability to Woodward were not so great as to justify dismissing the indictment.
		Gerald Feigin, the forensic pathologist who performed the autopsy, removed and preserved various tissue, a section of the skull with the fracture was not preserved and was presumably released along with the body to Matthew's family for burial.
	www.courttv.com /trials/woodward/decision.html (11781 words)

	Introduction: Skull fracture - WrongDiagnosis.com
		- Misdiagnosis of Underlying Causes of Skull fracture
		Causes of Skull fracture: Research more detailed information about the causes of Skull fracture, other possibly hidden causes of Skull fracture, or other general information about Skull fracture.
		Statistics and Skull fracture: Various sources and calculations are available in statistics about Skull fracture, prevalence and incidence statistics for Skull fracture, and you can also research other medical statistics in our statistics center.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /s/skull_fracture/intro.htm (185 words)

	Diagnostic Testing for Acute Head Injury in Children: When Are Head Computed Tomography and Skull Radiographs ...
		skull fracture, seizure, or a palpable depression of the skull.
		is greatly increased in the presence of a skull fracture.
		of a basilar skull fracture, seizure, and skull fracture.
	www.pediatrics.org /cgi/content/full/99/5/e11 (4080 words)

	Depressed Skull Fracture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A depressed skull fracture occurs when pieces of the broken skull press into the tissue of the brain.
		Curry was taken to the local hospital and then airlifted to Lubbock where doctors found that she had broken all four cervical bones in her neck and had suffered a depressed skull fracture, leaving a...
		At the very top of the cranium, Gormley observed a wide area of denuded scalp, in the middle of which was a "depressed skull fracture" he described as a "round, punched-out defect in the outer table...
	www.treatingdepressed.com /depressedskullfracture (1064 words)

	BestBETs: Skull fracture and intra-cranial injury in childre...
		The incidence of skull fracture with ICI was not given.
		Skull fracture on X-ray and CT 66% of 162 with skull fracture were CTed of which 13% had ICI
		The significance of skull fracture in acute traumatic intracranial hematomas in adolescents: a prospective study.
	www.bestbets.org /cgi-bin/bets.pl?record=00053 (720 words)

	Skull Fracture
		When a person suffers a head injury, the greatest danger is that the brain may be severely damaged; whether or not the skull is fractured is a matter of secondary importance.
		Sometimes the skull is depressed (caved in) at the point of impact.
		It is not necessary to determine if the skull is fractured when you are giving first aid to a person who has suffered a head injury.
	www.tpub.com /corpsman/161.htm (543 words)

	SKULL FRACTURE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A skull fracture (frak-shur) is when a skull (head) bone is broken.
		You may get a skull fracture in an accident, such as falling from a height or in a car accident.
		The skull bones may be misshapen, dented in, or you may have a lump, cut, bruise, or swelling on the head.
	www.medformation.com /ac/mm_qdis.nsf/qd/nd1602g.htm (277 words)

	Prophylactic antibiotics after skull fracture [Aug 1999; 66-5]
		With a basilar skull fracture there is potential for exposure to pathogens from the respiratory tract or ear, and thus an increased risk of meningitis.
		Sub-group analyses showed no significant differences for patients with skull fracture and CSF leakage, or in children.
		What we are left with is the uncertain estimate that a percent or so of meningitis cases following basilar skull fractures may be prevented by prophylactic use of antibiotics.
	www.jr2.ox.ac.uk /bandolier/band66/b66-5.html (511 words)

	Open Skull Fracture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		History: 5 y/o male pt presents to outlying Emergency Department with open skull fracture and fragmentation wounds.Pt had a 12cm laceraion ontop of head with brain tissue showing.Pt arrived at outlying facility awake and moving all extremities as annoted by physician at facility.
		Skull fracture noted on right side of head.
		Operative procedure: 02 July 02 Irrigation and debridment of skull fracture with evacuation of subdural hematoma and questionable brain matter.
	www.trauma-med.com /skull.html (299 words)

	Abused Children--Custody Granted to Abuser
		The x-rays were interpreted as a skull fracture and certainly the injuries Dr. ____ described and that Cody presented with are very compatible with a skull fracture.
		These injuries, including the hematoma and the skull fracture, are not likely compatible with a simple fall from a standing position on a carpeted floor by a youngster of Cody's age.
		The left lambdoid suture also appears to be the origin of an inverted U shaped lucency into the parietal bone which, given the appearance of a linear skull fracture, must be viewed with a great deal of suspicion for a second skull fracture.
	www.angelfire.com /mt/mamachic/abuse.html (2235 words)

	Statistics about Skull fracture - WrongDiagnosis.com
		The term 'prevalence' of Skull fracture usually refers to the estimated population of people who are managing Skull fracture at any given time.
		The term 'incidence' of Skull fracture refers to the annual diagnosis rate, or the number of new cases of Skull fracture diagnosed each year.
		29 was the mean age of patients hospitalised for fracture of skull and facial bones in England 2002-03 (Hospital Episode Statistics, Department of Health, England, 2002-03)
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /s/skull_fracture/stats.htm (617 words)

	AllRefer Health - Skull Fracture: Pictures & Images (Basilar Skull Fracture, Depressed Skull Fracture, Linear Skull ...
		Skull fractures are common in children and result from accidents (the majority are automobile or auto/bike accidents) or abuse.
		Battle's sign is seen several days following a basilar skull fracture.
		There may have been bloody drainage from the ear immediately after the fracture occurred.
	health.allrefer.com /health/skull-fracture-pictures-images.html (581 words)

	BASAL SKULL FRACTURE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A fracture involving the base of the cranium.
		This fracture is often difficult to detect clinically.
		Plain skull films will often not reveal basal skull fracture, making the CT scan (or MRI) the most reliable diagnostic study.
	www.medhelp.org /glossary2/new/GLS_0673.HTM (84 words)

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