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Topic: Skutterudite

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	Skutterudite - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Skutterudite is a naturally occurring cobalt arsenide mineral.
		Skutterudite is a cobalt arsenide mineral that has variable amounts of nickel and iron substituting for cobalt with a general formula: (Co,Ni,Fe)As Some references give the arsenic a variable formula subscript of 2-3.
		The crystal structure of the skutterudite mineral was determined in 1928 by Oftedahl to be cubic, belonging to space group Im-3 (number 204).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Skutterudite (481 words)

	Skutterudite thermoelectric material thermoelectric couple and method of producing the same - Patent 6207886
		The crystal grains of a Sb-containing skutterudite compound and a metal oxide dispersed in the crystal grain boundaries are sintered to obtain the skutterudite thermoelectric sintered material.
		When the vacancies in the skutterudite crystal are filled with the atoms of a rare earth metal, such as Ce, the atoms of Ce oscillate because of a weak bond to Sb and act as the centers of phonon scattering.
		In the precipitation method, the skutterudite crystal powder to be formed as the main phase is dispersed uniformly in the aqueous solution of the salt or hydroxide of a metal from which an oxide is obtained.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6207886.html (12146 words)

	Thermoelectric devices based on materials with filled skutterudite structures - Patent 6660926
		Skutterudite structure was originally attributed to a mineral from Skutterud of Norway that has a general formula TPn.sub.3, in which element T can be Co, Rh, or In and Pn can be P, As or Sb.
		Another approach is to prepare new ternary and quaternary skutterudite phases, derived from the binary compounds by substituting the transition metal element and/or the pnicogen element with elements from adjacent columns of the periodic table.
		In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a filled skutterudite structure is constructed by partially substituting one element with a different element that is positioned in the same row therewith in the periodic table.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6660926.html (11459 words)

	Skutterudite \| Topic Definition \| Find the Meaning and Define the Answer of Skutterudite
		Skutterudite is cobalt arsenide and is listed in Dana's sulfide mineral group, even though it contains no sulfur.
		It is mined as an ore of cobalt and nickel with a by-product of arsenic.
		Skutterudite has a bright metallic luster, and is tin white or light steel gray in color with a fl streak.
	www.thefreeencyclopedia.com /definition/word.aspx?w=Skutterudite (213 words)

	SKUTTERUDITE Chapter 21. Sulfides, arsenides, antimonides, and sulfosalts
		Skutterudite, a cobalt arsenide mineral, was first verified from Franklin by Holmes (1945, 1947).
		The drawings of isometric crystals by Koenig (1890) and Palache (1935) are possibly of skutterudite.
		Skutterudite is among the rarest of the Franklin arsenides and is not known from Sterling Hill.
	franklin-sterlinghill.com /dunn/ch21/skutterudite.stm (93 words)

	Skutterudite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Skutterudite is a sulfide mineral composed of Cobalt and Arsenide, which is mainly used as a minor ore of Cobalt and Nickel.
		It was first classified in 1945 although drawings of crystals made by Koenig in 1890 and Palache in 1935 may be Skutterudite.
		The mineral is one of the rarest arsenides and the most important sources of Skutterudite are Skutterud, Norway (from which the mineral gets its name), Bou Azzer in Morocco, Ontario and New Jersey.
	www.snazzdragon.com /caz/sku.html (86 words)

	Skutterudite \| Mineralium.com - Fine Mineral Specimens
		Skutterudite -also known under the German name 'Speiskobalt' - belongs to the Arsenides and has the chemical composition (Co, Ni) As3.
		Skutterudite belongs to the cubic crystal system and forms crystals with a cubic or octahedral shape, but also massive or körnige aggregates.
		Skutterudite is definitely the main ore mineral of the cobalt silver deposit in the anti-atlas mountains.
	www.mineralium.com /index.php?cat=SKU&lang=ENG (218 words)

	SKUTTERUDITE (Cobalt Arsenide)
		Fine Skutterudite specimens have only recently had widespread distribution on the mineral market.
		Skutterudite is the cobalt-rich end member of a series (Smaltite, Chloanthite, or Ferro-Arsenite) in which Nickel or Iron replaces part of the Cobalt.
		Enough nickel is usually present to make Skutterudite a significant ore of Nickel.
	mineral.galleries.com /minerals/sulfides/skutteru/skutteru.htm (171 words)

	Skutterudite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Skutterudite is associated with arsenopyrite, silver, bismuth, calcite.
		When cut or fractured it shows a conchoidal nature, which means that it shows curved elevations.
		Named after its locality, Smalitite(which is a synonym for Skutterudite) which is in reference to smalt, the deep blue glaze which occurs when this rock is pulverized or heated to a liquid form.
	www.k12.nf.ca /sjis/rocks/sedimentary/skutterudite.htm (202 words)

	Amazon.com: "skutterudite structure": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		An interesting characteristic of the skutterudite structure is the existence of two structural vacancies in its unit cell.
		This is reasonable in light of the eventual instabil- ity of the skutterudite structure at higher Fe concentration and the lack of existence of a FeSb3 phase.
		The adoption of the skutterudite structure is assisted by O-H.
	www.amazon.com /phrase/skutterudite-structure (562 words)

	Go-go Atoms Give Heat the Shake
		The crystal is a combination of antimony and cobalt known as a skutterudite.
		Next, the team scattered neutrons off both the filled and unfilled skutterudite and found that with the filled material, some of the neutrons gained a specific amount of energy, indicating that they were colliding with thallium atoms, which should all rattle at the same frequency.
		Others had seen evidence of such rattling by comparing cerium- and lanthanum-filled iron-antimony skutterudites with the unfilled cobalt-antimony compound, says Veerle Keppens of the University of Mississippi in Oxford, who worked on the earlier study.
	focus.aps.org /story/v11/st13 (677 words)

	Effects of Doping on the High-Temperature Thermoelectric Properties of IrSb^sub 3^ Skutterudite Compounds Journal of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The IrSb^sub 3^-based skutterudite compounds have a potential for thermoelectric applications because of high Hall mobility, Seebeck coefficient, and relatively low thermal conductivity.
		Specially, the present article is focused on the effects of doping impurities and their doping levels on the high-temperature thermoelectric properties of p-type IrSb^sub 3^ skutterudite compounds.
		Binary and p- and n-type IrSb^sub 3^ skutterudite compounds were prepared by a powder metallurgy technique.
	www.looksmartcable.com /p/articles/mi_qa3776/is_200311/ai_n9327656 (764 words)

	Thesis ADEME
		Compounds of skutterudite structure show major interest for electrical generation by thermoelectric effect at high temperature.
		New skutterudites of composition CaxCo4Sb12 and CaxCo4-yNiySb12 were prepared by a metallurgical route.
		They are homogeneous in composition and exhibit the skutterudite phase to more than 99%.
	www.ademe.fr /anglais/thesis/thesis04/vath081004.htm (175 words)

	Skutterudit \| Mineralien kaufen bei Mineralium.com
		Sie befinden sich in: Mineralien » Ausverkaufte Mineralien » Skutterudit »
		Skutterudit - bekannt auch unter dem Namen Speiskobalt - gehört zu den Arseniden und hat die chemische Zusammensetzung (Co, Ni)As3.
		Skutterudit ist kubisch und bildet Kristalle mit würfeligem oder oktaedrischem Habitus, ebenso massige oder körnige Aggregate.
	www.mineralium.com /index.php?cat=SKU&lang=ENG (181 words)

	Filled Skutterudites as Thermoelectric Materials
		Filled skutterudites have shown promise as semiconducting materials with superior thermoelectric properties at temperatures up to at least 650 °C. This finding is a breakthrough in a continuing investigation of the potential utility of skutterudites as thermoelectric materials.
		By manipulating the nominal compositions and doping concentrations of filled skutterudites, it may be possible to obtain similarly high ZT at lower and/or higher temperatures.
		These high-performance thermoelectric materials could be used to make thermoelectric power generators, coolers, and detectors that would operate with efficiencies greater than those of the corresponding devices now in use and could thus be useful in a greater variety of applications.
	www.nasatech.com /Briefs/June01/NPO19909.html (447 words)

	Effect of Partial La Filling on High-Temperature Thermoelectric Properties of IrSb^sub 3^-Based Skutterudite Compounds ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Therefore, the focus of research on skutterudite materials is to minimize the thermal conductivity by preparing filled skutterudite without degrading the excellent electrical properties of binary compounds.3-9
		In this study, the La filling effects on the phase stability and high-temperature thermoelectric properties are investigated in IrSb^sub 3^-based skutterudite compounds.
		Compounds based on IrSb^sub 3^ skutterudite were prepared by a powder metallurgy technique.
	www.looksmartcameras.com /p/articles/mi_qa3776/is_200410/ai_n9438034 (714 words)

	Lattice Dynamics Determination
		There is therefore a need to understand the lattice dynamics, which determines phonon thermal conductance, as the latter is often a significant part of the total heat conduction in good thermoelectrics.
		Furthermore, in order to achieve a general determination of the lattice dynamics it is necessary to show that the force constants decrease with interatomic distance sufficiently for the size of the supercell.
		Related local density calculations for large La displacements clearly show that the potential which a La ion "sees" when all neighboring atoms are at their equilibrium positions is essentially harmonic.
	cst-www.nrl.navy.mil /~feldman/projects/jlf.html (884 words)

	Untitled Document
		Recent accomplishments include the first epitaxial growth of skutterudite (e.g., CoSb3) thin films, and the development of an electrochemical method for the synthesis of dense thermoelectric nanowire arrays with wire diameters down to 20 nm.
		This latter project is based on the well-known process for producing self-organized pore arrays in alumina by anodization of aluminum.
		Note that approximately 90% of the pores are filled (the alumina template is medium grey, the Bi2Te3 wires are light grey, and the fl regions are pores that were not filled).
	www.mse.berkeley.edu /groups/Sands/HEMI/nanoTE.html (916 words)

	Filled Skutterudite Antimonides: A New Class of Thermoelectric Materials (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		A physical realization of the ECPG may occur in the filled skutterudite antimonides, in which a rare earth atom fills the two voids per unit cell that exist in the skutterudite structure.
		We recently reported (B.C. Sales, D. Mandrus, and R. Williams, Science 272, 1325 (1996)) a high thermoelectric figure of merit for LaFe3CoSb12 and CeFe3CoSb12, that was primarily due to a drastic reduction in the lattice thermal conductivity of this material compared to its unfilled analog.
		The extent to which filled skutterudite antimonides can be considered as ideal ECPG materials will be discussed.
	flux.aps.org /meetings/YR97/BAPSMAR97/abs/S1670001.html (214 words)

	Skutterudite
		This is a skutterudite from the classic Schneeberg locality in Saxony.
		The banding on the side shows the sequential growth of slightly different compositions of nickel and cobalt, arsenic and sulfur as the specimen grew and changed.
		There’s a small native bismuth crystal on the front of the specimen; it takes some looking to find it, however.
	www.museums.udel.edu /mineral/mineral_site/displaycollection/Sulfides/9999-0800-3428.html (57 words)

	Heavy Fermion and Intermediate Valence Behavior in Filled Skutterudite Compounds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The class of compounds known as ``filled" skutterudites crystallize in the cubic LaFe_4P_12 structure, and include several superconductors and narrow-gap semiconductors.
		Recently, there has been a great amount of interest in the possibility of using these materials in thermoelectric devices, motivated by the unique combination of moderate electrical conductivity, very low thermal conductivity, and high Seebeck coefficient that is found in some filled skutterudite compounds.
		A necessary condition for optimizing the thermoelectric properties is a large effective carrier mobility U \propto (m_eff)^3/2, where m_eff is the effective mass of the carriers.
	flux.aps.org /meetings/YR98/BAPSMAR98/abs/S4620001.html (190 words)

	SME--VIRTUAL ATLAS OF OPAQUE AND ORE MINERALS
		The cobalt-nickel arsenides are rammelsbergite and skutterudite which are zoned and overgrow each other.
		Thin dark zones between skutterudite and overgrowing rammelsbergite (centre) are due to replacement and alteration of skutterudite.
		Extensive replacement of a large skutterudite crystal by fluorite (fl) is seen on the extreme bottom right where only a relict outer zone of skutterudite remains.
	www.smenet.org /opaque-ore/plate36.htm (411 words)

	Skutterudite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		1) " Skutterudite" -- In the context of Skutterudite
		Skutterudite is cobalt arsenide and is listed in Dana's sulfide mineral group, even though it contains nosulfur.
		The mineral has variable amounts of nickel and iron substituting for cobalt with a general formula:(Co,Ni,Fe)As 3.
	www.computeplaza.com /Help/4054-Skutterudite.Html (258 words)

	Amazon.com: "skutterudite compounds": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Binary skutterudite compounds, such as CoSb3, have interesting properties useful for thermoelectrics.
		Skutterudites possess a large unit cell, heavy constituent atom masses,...
		Binary skutterudite compounds are of the form ABS, where A can be Co, Ir and Rh, and B can be P, As, Sb...
	www.amazon.com /phrase/skutterudite-compounds (516 words)

	Systematic Study of New Rare Earth Element-Iron-Antimony Skutterudites Synthesized Using Multilayer Precursors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		We have synthesized a series of stable and metastable rare earth element-iron antimonides, controlling both composition and structure using multilayer reactants.
		The lattice parameters of these metastable compounds were always larger than those of the corresponding more stable analog, and the occupancy of the rare earth element cation was found to be less than 1.
		Structural trends are discussed in terms of their potential use as thermoelectric materials.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/inocaj/1997/36/i19/abs/ic9702375.html (194 words)

	Minerali in stock
		For some of the lots we give you the photo and the dimensions of the specimens; for the other ask for them....
		Selection of specimens from a classic worldwide top quality Skutterudite locality, Tamdrost Mine, Bou Azzer district (Morocco).
		Skutterudite xls are sharp, lustrous, extremely well defined and embedded in a white dolomite or mixed soft green talk matrix that provide an high aesthetyc showing to all the specimens and preserve the xls faces at the best.
	www.smartminerals.com /morocco2004/morocco_stock.htm (354 words)

	Progress Status of Skutterudite-Based Segmented Thermoelectric Technology Development (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Segmented thermoelectric (STE) unicouples based on combination of state-of-the-art and skutterudite materials are currently being developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) for potential integration into Advanced Radioisotope Power Systems (ARPS) for potential use in support of future NASA deep space missions.
		Latest results of sublimation studies for uncoated and coated skutterudite materials are presented.
		Encapsulation of skutterudite materials in lightweight aerogel is also being pursued as a promising technique for suppressing Sb sublimation.
	www3.inspi.ufl.edu /space/program/abstracts/1139.html (217 words)

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