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Topic: Sky marshal

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	Probert Encyclopaedia: People and Peoples (Sk-So) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		A sky marshal is a plain-clothed armed guard placed on an aircraft to defend against hijackers.
		Sky marshals first originated in the USA and were quickly adopted by the Isreali airline El Al.
		Typically a sky marshal is armed with a low-velocity semi-automatic pistol which will not puncture the aeroplane's fuselage when discharged.
	www.probertencyclopaedia.com /CD2.HTM (678 words)

	Air Safety Week: International Firefight Over Armed Air Marshal Demand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Since the armed sky marshal demand was first pronounced by the United States, McAuslan said BALPA consciously has undertaken a major media campaign to establish procedures and protocols.
		Sky marshals when on duty and carried on board aircraft [to] be part of the operating crew complement.
		* The decision to carry sky marshals on board shall be the sole responsibility of the operator and shall not be the responsibility of the captain or the flight crew.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0UBT/is_2_18/ai_112100121 (1490 words)

	The Marshals Monitor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Most of the sky marshals were meant to be covert in their work, so they wore no special attire.
		Sky marshals used the "Terry standard" to its necessary extent, and this sometimes proved fruitful.
		The individuals with firsthand involvement of the Sky Marshals Program are proud of their accomplishments, knowing that they left behind a legacy of safe, commercial air travel.
	www.usdoj.gov /marshals/monitor/jan-2002/jan02-1.html (1271 words)

	friendly printed version:CDI Terrorism Project Factsheet: The Sky Marshal Program
		Due to their increased ranks, marshals are now able to supervise approximately 50 percent of flights, and concentrate on a daily-updated list of the nation's 25 most at risk airports.
		While marshals are supposed to fly in pairs, they are being required to fly solo in certain situations (such as when their partner calls in sick).
		Marshals who regularly fly 50 hours in a five day week (some missions extend up to 10 days for 12 to 16 hours a day) report that, "On the fourth or fifth day, you start feeling nauseous".
	www.cdi.org /friendlyversion/printversion.cfm?documentID=845 (1431 words)

	PM - Governments negotiate sky marshal flights
		Before Christmas sky marshals were introduced on flights between Australia and Singapore, and they're to be phased in on all international services.
		Sky marshals have been a feature of airlines like Israel's El Al for decades, and according to Warren Bennett they have been a deterrent.
		Industry analysts say sky marshals are now likely to be a permanent feature of flying given that the US has changed the rules.
	www.abc.net.au /pm/content/2003/s1022451.htm (496 words)

	Observer \| Sky marshal tells of life on terror watch
		The 'sky marshal' programme was set up in late 1961 by President John F. Kennedy who was concerned about the growing threat of hijacking.
		In 1987 the service had 400 marshals working on planes, with a brief to disarm potential armed hijackers, but when terrorists started bombing aircraft rather than hijacking them, attention turned to security on the ground and the service went into near-terminal decline.
		Air marshals are trained to deal with every eventuality from a disruptive passenger to an attempt to storm the cockpit and Adams claim they meet the highest shooting standards training of any armed law enforcement officer.
	observer.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,4828720-108959,00.html (1000 words)

	e-mail to Fox News
		Sky marshals cannot be trained to the extent they have to be to deal with a Terrorist in hand to hand combat without the sky Marshal having possession of a gun, in the amount of time needed to train the type of personnel we need to do the job.
		Sky marshals will be trained in the use of a firearm this I understand.
		Not a gun in the cabin accessible to a terrorist that is carried by a sky marshal.
	members.aol.com /dbldragins/FoxNews.html (5012 words)

	USATODAY.com - Training sky marshals is deadly serious business (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		While security concerns mean that little is known about the federal sky marshal program, founded in 1968 to counter hijackings to Cuba, AIS' simulator provides a look at how future sky marshals might train to protect increasingly threatened skies.
		Although officials at the Federal Aviation Administration, which oversees the sky marshal program until it falls under Transportation Security Administration jurisdiction next month, are tight-lipped about their plans, they are "extremely interested" in video-based training systems, says FAA spokeswoman Rebecca Trexler.
		The AIS sky marshal training system uses two 7 1/2-by-9 1/2-foot screens, placed fore and aft of the seated participant, that play live-action scenes that a computer will change, or "branch," based on the actions taken by the trainee.
	www.usatoday.com /news/sept11/2002/01/10/usat-skymarshals.htm (1319 words)

	The World Today - Australia, Singapore reach agreement on air marshals
		The actual experience that sky marshals have brought is nothing short of a complete shambles, and I think it's important to put the concrete view here that sky marshals are probably a complete waste of money, and possibly even a threat to the security of passengers.
		We've had sky marshals fall asleep in their seats and drop their guns on the floor of aircraft, which in fact, on one occasion, led to an aircraft being escorted to an emergency landing by fire fighters.
		BEN SANDILANDS: The biggest danger now, to life in the air, aside from sky marshals, is that hijackers will attempt to get into a cockpit and be murdered by the passengers, because they can't get their in time and we'll never be able to question them.
	www.abc.net.au /worldtoday/stories/s749026.htm (892 words)

	USATODAY.com - British pilots' union wins concessions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		LONDON (AP) — British pilots won assurances from the government Tuesday that they will be told when armed sky marshals are on board their flights, but demanded to know where the guard is seated and to be able to maintain regular contact.
		After reluctantly agreeing to the deployment of government-trained and funded sky marshals, the union now wants a clear industrywide standard for its pilots, including legal and financial indemnity in case of shoot-outs.
		Darling said that pilots would remain in charge of planes "for obvious reasons" but declined to comment in detail on the sky marshals, bypassing questions about the type of guns to be used and the level of training required.
	www.usatoday.com /travel/news/2004-01-07-british-union_x.htm (768 words)

	Telegraph \| News
		Airlines have reacted angrily to Government plans for armed sky marshals on commercial flights, describing the idea as "irresponsible, dangerous and ill-conceived".
		The marshals, who are described by a Government official as "highly trained police officers", are understood to be part of Special Branch, attached to the Metropolitan Police.
		In America, where sky marshals were introduced last year, some guards outraged first class passengers by taking their seats at short notice.
	www.portal.telegraph.co.uk /news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2002/12/22/nair22.xml&sSheet=/news/2002/12/22/ixnewstop.html (650 words)

	How to Stop a Hijacking Article on Stuffmagazine.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Eder hadn’t seen the sky marshal who was supposed to sit in first class, so she feared that the hijackers had shot him.
		Seeing that the male hijacker had been disabled, the rear sky marshal joined the other marshal in stripping the unconscious woman to see if she had any other weapons on her.
		One of the sky marshals drew his gun, intending to kill her.
	www.stuffmagazine.com /articles/html/article_425.html (2044 words)

	Federal Air Marshal
		The Sky Marshal program was introduced in the 1970s to prevent hijackings in Cuba.
		Further refined during the Reagan administration in 1985, it became the Federal Air Marshal program of today: A highly trained group of specialized agents responsible for protecting passengers and crew in the event of a plane hijacking.
		Marshals are authorized to carry firearms on planes and make arrests without warrants with the objective of using minimum force to achieve maximum security.
	jobprofiles.monster.com /Content/job_content/JC_Military/JSC_PrivateSecurity/JOB_FederalAirMarshall/jobzilla_html?jobprofiles=1 (384 words)

	FACSNET NewsBackgrounder \| Air Marshal program intended to protect air travelers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		It is likely the marshal program will be expanded in the wake of the Sept. 11 hijackings, in which four commercial airliners were hijacked and two of them crashed into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon.
		Federal Air Marshals are a full-time dedicated force that continuously deploy throughout the world on all major U.S. carriers in areas where terrorist activities indicate the highest probability of attacks.
		The Federal Air Marshal program was organized in the Federal Aviation Administration in 1985 after two Lebanese Shiite Moslems hijacked a Boeing 727 departing from Athens and diverted it to Beirut.
	www.facsnet.org /issues/specials/terrorism/skymarshal.php3 (482 words)

	Pilots Condemn Sky Marshal Plan As Flawed & Dangerous
		The British Air Line Pilots' Association (Balpa) wrote to Alistair Darling, the Secretary of State for Transport, yesterday calling for a meeting to discuss the policy which it believes is "dangerous" and flawed.
		Mr Darling said he would meet the pilots to discuss their misgivings and said they would be told when an undercover marshal was on a flight.
		Sky marshals are expected to begin deployment in the next 24 hours on transatlatic flights to and from the UK.
	www.rense.com /general46/flaw.html (732 words)

	UK Sky Marshal policy worries (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Sunday Times (unreliable non-attributed "intelligence source") claims that UK Sky Marshals will be using Glock semi-automatic pistols with reduced charge ammunition i.e.
		The current bunch of Sky Marshals may be sane, but if the number is massively expanded, the risk increases.
		If it is deemed that a Sky Marshal is needed on a particular flight, does that mean that all the passengers and crew are being logged as "potential terrorist hijackers" through "guilt by association" in the security bureaucracies' computerised databases ?
	www.spy.org.uk /cgi-bin/skymarshal.pl (770 words)

	ICE Federal Air Marshal Service (FAMS) Historical Background (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		With the formation of a full-time sky marshal program and a greater emphasis placed on aviation security in general, the hijacking rate in the United States began to decline in late 1972.
		Staffing levels of the air marshal program rose until they peaked in 1987 at approximately 400, thereafter declining until there were 33 active air marshals on September 11, 2001.
		In 1997, the full-time position of FAA air marshal was established again (no collateral duties), with one hundred percent of duty time spent performing air marshal duties and tactical training.
	www.ice.gov /graphics/fams/history.htm (2019 words)

	Marshals prowl the skies abroad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The air marshals travel like normal passengers but are secretly armed with weapons, mainly small automatic guns and army “Rambo” knives, to thwart hijackers without harming passengers.
		Air marshal Paul Marsh, a staff sergeant with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, which runs the marshal program in Canada, said: “Based on security considerations and risk assessments, selected flights both in and out of Canada have plain-clothed armed marshals, and that has beefed up safety levels.
		Another nation to which terrorism is no stranger, Israel, has been deploying sky marshals aboard every flight of El Al, the national carrier, for around 30 years.
	www.msnbc.com /news/861956.asp?cp1=1 (776 words)

	Boston.com / News / Boston Globe / Obituaries / Arthur Montuori; developed US sky marshal program
		Montuori, who was involved in many federal cases during his 23 years with the ATF, both as an agent and as special agent in charge of New England, died Sunday of pneumonia at Lahey Clinic in Burlington.
		His son Richard, of Chelmsford, said his father was most proud of two accomplishments: the development of the sky marshal program and the investigation into the bombing of the Suffolk County Courthouse in Pemberton Square in 1976, when he headed the New England ATF.
		After the terrorist attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, he told his family that he believed when he developed the sky marshal program that "there should be a steel door protecting the cockpit," his son said.
	www.boston.com /news/globe/obituaries/articles/2004/07/22/arthur_montuori_developed_us_sky_marshal_program (566 words)

	Congressman Richard Baker - Content by DexteraNet
		The Federal Aviation Administration's Federal Air Marshal program is an expansion of the Sky Marshal program of the 1970s, which was designed to stop hijackings to and from Cuba.
		Airlines are required to provide seating for air marshals at no cost, including, on a space available basis, on flights home after performing their duties.
		The Federal Air Marshal tactical training facility and operational headquarters is located at the William J. Hughes Technical Center in Atlantic City, NJ.
	www.baker.house.gov /html/content.cfm?id=245 (419 words)

	TIME Magazine Archive Article -- The Last Marshal -- Sep. 02, 1974
		Besides serving on the ground as plainclothes watchdogs, armed sky marshals wearing civilian clothes boarded commercial flights to thwart the would-be skyjacker.
		The last sky marshal was taken out of the air in June.
		No sky marshal ever fired a shot aboard an aircraft, but the DOT called the program, which cost an estimated $150 million, a singular success.
	www.time.com /time/archive/preview/0,10987,943716,00.html (389 words)

	TravelVoice - More incidents of Sky Rage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Police said the passenger to whom he boasted really was an undercover federal sky marshal.
		Michael Chitwood, of Philadelphia's Southwest Detectives, said when the real sky marshal asked Vassallo for some identification, he first claimed that he was a postal inspector on loan to the sky marshals.
		Chitwood said the marshal went to ask the captain to delay the takeoff, and when he came back to look for Vassallo, he'd left the plane, telling a stewardess that he had to throw up.
	www.travelvoice.com /flightstory.cfm?id=1103 (1089 words)

	Naples Daily News: Travel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		But since the United States ordered foreign airlines to deploy sky marshals on some flights to the United States, the question has stirred passionate arguments among airline pilots in Europe, particularly those in Britain, who remain apprehensive about such a role.
		In negotiations with the government this month, British pilots insisted that if deployed, sky marshals would be under the command of the airplane's captain.
		It may be, though, that the chance of sky marshals' flying on British planes will remain limited because, in Britain at least, pilots would still rather ground flights seen as seriously threatened than deploy armed guards.
	www.naplesnews.com /npdn/travel/article/0,2071,NPDN_15003_2596085,00.html (921 words)

	A Tribute to Official Home Page
		The City of Sky Valley, Georgia adopted its charter in March of 1978.
		Sky Valley is located in the northeast corner of Georgia on State Highway 246, five miles east of Dillard and Highway 441.
		Sky Valley consists of privately owned single-family and condominium-type developments, many of which are handled on a short or long-terms rental basis.
	www.geocities.com /skyvalleyga (210 words)

	Vortex Sun Federation
		The Sky Marshal rank is the highest rank within the VSF Arms.
		The Sky Marshals are automatically chosen as a member of the General Stab, and they are free to give orders to the officers assigned to their command.
		The Sky Marshals are appointed by Royal Council or the Imperator.
	home.c2i.net /emjensse/mankind/ranks.htm (398 words)

	Advanced Interactive Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		SEATTLE - February 6, 2002 - A new training device developed specifically for sky marshals is being marketed by Advanced Interactive Systems, a Seattle-based provider of interactive simulation equipment for law enforcement and military use.
		The AIS Sky Marshal training system simulates threats as they might occur in an aircraft cabin using various scenarios and outcomes based on how trainees react to those threats.
		The new U.S. Transportation Security Administration plans a major expansion of the sky marshal program, now administered by the Federal Aviation Administration, when it takes responsibility for the program on February 17th.
	www.ais-sim.com /news_press_releases_020602.htm (229 words)

	Pilots object British sky marshal plan - www.smh.com.au
		British government plans to put gun-toting sky marshals on airliners hit turbulence today when British Airways and the main pilots' union said it would do "more harm than good" and put passengers at risk.
		The British government announced yesterday that plainclothes sky marshals, travelling incognito among passengers, would be placed on selected British airline flights - exactly which ones it did not say - in response to a heightened state of alert in the United States.
		He added that sky marshals were only one of a series of measures being put into place - including improved screening of passengers and baggage - to prevent hijackings.
	www.smh.com.au /articles/2003/12/30/1072546503724.html (753 words)

	Under scrutiny in the skies - Nightly News with Brian Williams - MSNBC.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The exact number of air marshals is classified, but critics and some marshals afraid of retaliation say the program is beset by challenges that put their lives at risk.
		The marshals have been around for 36 years, but their ranks swelled from just 33 officers to several thousand immediately after 9/11.
		And while they're supposed to travel under cover, many marshals complain their cover is regularly blown — in large part by a strict dress code that the marshals say makes it difficult to blend in with the traveling public.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/5954675 (608 words)

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