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	Slander and libel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In English and American law, and systems based on them, libel and slander are two forms of defamation (or defamation of character), which is the tort or delict of making a false statement that negatively affects someone's reputation.
		"Libel", "slander", and "defamation" are commonly used as synonyms in ordinary language, at least in Britain and Ireland.
		Modern libel and slander laws as implemented in many but not all Commonwealth nations, in the United States, and in the Republic of Ireland, are originally descended from English defamation law.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Slander (2958 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Slander
		Slander is the attributing to another of a fault of which one knows him to be innocent.
		There is, however, this difference between slander and detraction: that, whereas there are circumstances in which we may lawfully expose the misdeeds which another has actually committed, we are never allowed to flen his name by charging him with what he has not done.
		Slander involves a violation of commutative justice and therefore imposes on its perpetrator the obligation of restitution.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14035b.htm (376 words)

	Legal Definition of Slander
		The slander must, of course, be published, that is communicated to a third person; and if verbal, then in a language which he understands, otherwise the plaintiff's reputation is not impaired.
		A letter addressed to the party, containing libelous matter, is not sufficient to maintain a civil action, though it may subject the libeler to an indictment, as tending to a breach of the peace; the slander must be published respecting the plaintiff; a mother cannot maintain an action for calling her daughter a bastard.
		For this offence, when the slander is merely verbal, the remedy is an action on the case for damages; when it is reduced to writing or printing, it is a libel.
	www.lectlaw.com /def2/s052.htm (714 words)

	Slander - International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Special cases of slander more than usually mean are when a wife's chastity is falsely impeached by her husband (Deuteronomy 22:13-19), and when one slanders a servant to his master (Proverbs 30:10).
		Slanderers and backbiters are mentioned in some of Paul's darkest catalogues of evildoers (Romans 1:29,30; 2 Corinthians 12:20; 2 Timothy 3:3).
		To refrain from slander is an important qualification for citizenship in theocracy (Psalms 15:1,3; 24:3,4) and for a place in the Christian church (1 Timothy 3:11; Titus 2:3).
	beta.studylight.org /enc/isb/view.cgi?number=T8227 (423 words)

	SLANDER in the Bible Encyclopedia - ISBE (Bible History Online)
		Special cases of slander more than usually mean are when a wife's chastity is falsely impeached by her husband (Dt 22:13-19), and when one slanders a servant to his master (Prov 30:10).
		Slanderers and backbiters are mentioned in some of Paul's darkest catalogues of evildoers (Rom 1:29,30; 2 Cor 12:20; 2 Tim 3:3).
		To refrain from slander is an important qualification for citizenship in theocracy (Ps 15:1,3; 24:3,4) and for a place in the Christian church (1 Tim 3:11; Tit 2:3).
	www.bible-history.com /isbe/S/SLANDER (407 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Slander is a civil wrong (tort) and can be the basis for a lawsuit.
		Damages (payoff for worth) for slander may be limited to actual (special) damages unless there is malicious intent, since such damages are usually difficult to specify and harder to prove.
		Some statements, such as an untrue accusation of having committed a crime, having a loathsome disease or being unable to perform one's occupation, are treated as slander per se since the harm and malice are obvious and therefore usually result in general and even punitive damage recovery by the person harmed.
	dictionary.law.com /definition2.asp?selected=1969 (155 words)

	Modrall Sperling :: Libel and Slander
		Usually, libel is defamation by written or printed words, while slander is the communication of a defamatory statement by spoken words or by gestures.
		Slander was per se if the defamatory impact was especially egregious, as when a publisher falsely stated that a person had committed a serious crime involving moral turpitude, or that a woman was unchaste.
		The claimant in a slander per quod case was required to prove special damages in order to prevail on liability.
	www.modrall.com /articles/article_12.html (5920 words)

	Minneapolis Attorney -- Greg Abbott: Basics of Minnesota Defamation Law (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Slander is defamation by speaking, and libel is defamation by means of writing.
		Slander, however, had a big impact in pre-literate communities where the spoken word was the primary way information was exchanged.
		One origin of libel and slander laws was a criminal cause of action by the English Crown used to silence its critics; hence, it was the truth of the alleged libel which provoked the lawsuit.
	www.abbottlaw.com /defamation.html (3395 words)

	AllRefer.com - libel and slander (Legal Terms And Concepts) - Encyclopedia
		In common law, written defamation was libel and spoken defamation was slander.
		Permanent forms of defamation, such as the written or pictorial, are usually called libel, while the spoken or gestured forms are called slander.
		However, only certain types of statements are slanderous per se and do not require proof of pecuniary damages; these include imputation of crime, of loathsome disease, or of professional or occupational incapacity.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/libel.html (749 words)

	SLANDER (NINDAA) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		A slanderer is a self-appointed Bhangee (janitor) who finds faults in others and then, by engaging in gossip and backbite, carries the load of their trash (sins) on his own head.
		Slanderers are thus said to clear the way of devotees for emancipation.
		Slandering is a disease of instinctive mind which always floats in the externalities of the material world.
	www.gurbani.org /webart59.htm (2712 words)

	World of Quotes - Slander Quotes
		Slanders are like flies, that pass all over a man's good parts to light on his sores.
		Slander is the revenge of a coward, and dissimulation of his defense.
		To murder character is as truly a crime as to murder the body: the tongue of the slanderer is brother to the dagger of the assassin.
	www.worldofquotes.com /topic/Slander (648 words)

	Slander book review - AGGRESSIVE-VOICE.COM
		Slander is the first of Coulter's books to really anger the Left because it is a nonstop assault on liberal mentality, as I just pointed out above.
		Before Slander: Liberal Lies About the American Right Coulter wasn't the well-known firebrand that she is today.
		If the success of Slander is any indication of what the future holds for Ms.
	www.aggressive-voice.com /zz512.html (924 words)

	Libel/Slander (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Scott Law Firm handles libel and slander (also known as defamation) cases and provides a no-charge consultation to prospective clients to evaluate such cases.
		In general, libel is written and slander is oral, although it is likely that broadcast defamation would be considered libel in Missouri because of the serious potential for harm to reputation resulting from widespread dissemination of a defamatory statement.
		Therefore, both libel and slander require that the statement in question have been communicated to at least one person other than the person who made the statement and the person about whom it was made.
	www.scottlawfirm.com /libel.htm (927 words)

	[EMLS 7.2 (September, 2001]: 4.1-29 Performance, Subjectivity and Slander (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		This has the unsettling effect of being witty about her wit, troping her tropes, slandering her slander, creating a vicious circle of rhetoric about rhetoric that may be one of the meanings of the "nothing" of the title.
		Kaplan gives evidence of the rise in slander legislation after the 1560s and offers several reasons for this, but the main reason seems to have been changes in the law consequent on the state's increased use of defamation as both the means of policing and justifying royal authority and as its chief false accusation, i.e.
		I would only add to her argument the suggestion that the state perceived its subjects to be potentially dangerous slanderers of its use of slander because of the emergence of the idea of subversive free-thinking individualism during the same period.
	purl.oclc.org /emls/07-2/pietslan.htm (6319 words)

	Slander: Dangerous Weapon of Cowards \|\| Imam Reza (A.S.) Network
		The point of non-compatibility of slander with the spirit of belief may indicate that the first sign of belief is observing the right of a believer, and this is in contradiction with slander.
		Although, at the beginning it seems that slander is the same mentioning hidden faults of others by tongue, but considering its main criterion, it is clarified that slander is an extensive and general concept in view of ethics, including expressing this sense by any means, such as saying, writing, referring and or imitation.
		Second: it is inferred from similitude of slander to eating a faithful brother's flesh in the Chambers sura that slander is a sense of "injustice".
	www.imamreza.net /eng/imamreza.php?id=941 (3486 words)

	Meaning Of Slander
		The gravest of all forms of evil acts is the slander of the True Law, the act of condemning, deprecating, mocking or rejecting the correct Buddhist teaching or its practitioners out of antagonism or hatred.
		It is written in the Lotus Sutra that one who commits slander is doomed to fall into the hell of incessant suffering for countless kalpas.
		The act of slander is that much heavier, that much more onerous.
	www.angelfire.com /tv2/sgm/slander.html (521 words)

	LWN: Of Copyright Transfers, Slander of Title, and SCO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		A cause of action for slander of title occurs when there is a false and malicious statement made to disparage a person's title to real estate.
		The elements of slander of title are: (1) falsity of the statement made; and (2) malice.
		Malice as a basis for recovery of actual damages in a slander of title case means merely that the acts must have been deliberate conduct without reasonable cause....
	lwn.net /Articles/69415 (1702 words)

	Ann Coulter's Slander: An Analysis
		In fact, it was the work of bloggers who documented many serious and outrageous misrepresentations in Coulter's book Slander that led to an article in the prestigious Columbia Journalism Review on Coulter's deception in the book.
		The reviews for Slander in the New York Times and Washington Post were puff pieces; The reviewer for the Los Angeles Times was a former Bush campaign spokesman (click here and here).
		For instance, in a memo by Gingrich’s political action committee GOPAC, the following pithy terms were suggested to describe Democratic opponents: sick, traitors, destructive, corrupt, bizarre, cheat, and steal (when Coulter was confronted about this memo on the radio show Counterspin, she absurdly claimed that she wasn't familiar with it).
	www.anncoulter.blogspot.com (5601 words)

	Libel and Slander
		The following information regarding libel and slander is brought to you as a public service by the lawyers of the State of Oregon.
		Libel and slander are two forms of defamation.
		Slander is defamation by oral or spoken communication.
	www.osbar.org /public/legalinfo/1186.htm (614 words)

	Fighting Slander
		Unlike the expensive lawyers' manuals that are about rich publishers' worries, this guide deals with the defamation ordinary people and businesses face: slander in the workplace, from former bosses, ex-spouses, competitors, and other situations found in daily life – including Internet libel, and defamation by business competitors.
		More and more people are falling victim to slander and libel as we move into the information age.
		Because most slander and libel law is a result of Federal appeals court decisions, or the U.S. Supreme Court, it applies across the country.
	dancingwithlawyers.com /publications/fighting-slander.shtml (771 words)

	Should Audio-Visual Defamation on the Internet be Treated as Libel or Slander?
		This distinction was often important: In order to obtain a damages in a suit for slander, the plaintiff had to make a specific showing of how his or her reputation had been harmed (there are enumerated content-based exceptions to this requirement).4 Proving this harm was (and is) not always an easy task.
		However, in an action for libel, harm was presumed.5 Therefore, if the plaintiff was unable to demonstrate specific harm, this distinction, between libel and slander, would have been dispositive as to whether or not the plaintiff was financially compensated for his or her reputational loss -- no small matter.
		Certainly, a slanderous statement announced before a gathering of 100 of the plaintiff's close associates would probably prove more damaging than a web site that projects a defamatory message, gets 10 hits, and is subsequently removed.
	www.uiowa.edu /~cyberlaw/cls99/sempaper/zelote416.html (4231 words)

	Great Hoboes of New York
		Her analysis, however, has always been very thought provoking, and it is in Slander that one marvels at her deconstructive thinking and careful research.
		Slander seems to be about setting the record straight, but it is much more so an investigation of the record that Coulter believes to be falsely accusatory towards her conservative cronies.
		Slander reads like a freshman college textbook on critical analysis.
	www.greathoboes.com /commentary/coulter.html (1059 words)

	[No title]
		SLANDER: In a column published soon after 9/11, Frank Rich (of NYT) demanded that Ashcroft ignore Muslim terrorists and focus on anti-abortion extremists.
		SLANDER: Al Gore lied about how he and Tipper were the inspiration for "Love Story." FACT: Many years ago, Erich Segal, the author, told the Nashville Tennessean that Al had been the model for Oliver, but Tipper had not been the model for Jenny.
		The Tuesday piece was about the impact of Earnhardt's death on his home town in North Carolina; it opened in Wal-Mart because one touching aspect of their grief was that they had bought up all the Earnhardt memorabilia, written farewell messages on them, and left them along the fence at Earnhardt's offices.
	www.slannder.homestead.com /files/slanndermain.html (2671 words)

	Defamation
		Slander is a term describing defamation that you hear, not see, usually in the form of someone talking trash about you or spreading or repeating lies and unfounded rumor.
		Slander is an oral statement that tends to injur you in respect to your office, profession, trade or business.
		This is described as "self publication." For example, suppose your boss brings you into his or her office and informs you that you are no longer needed because he suspects that you are a drinker and he states that he does not regard you as competent in your work..
	www.faceintel.com /defamation.htm (2840 words)

	HotBands.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Slander is a hard rockin', heavy hittin' five piece kick in the ass!!
		In the spring of 2002 Slander released their first 5 song EP entitled Nothin's Free.
		Slander is currently working on a new full length CD that is sure to be a force to be reckoned with!!
	www.hotbands.com /artistpage.php?id=3495 (198 words)

	Against the Grain (washingtonpost.com) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		In Slander, the conservative activist and commentator Ann Coulter unscrolls a litany of gripes against the Democratic Party -- and against the mass media that, she says, do its bidding.
		To note that her own career is a creation of those same media is not to accuse her of hypocrisy.
		To say, as Coulter does, that "there is a raw '1984' flout quality to the media's ideological refusal to acknowledge [Phyllis] Schlafly" is to enter the territory of those leftist nuts who say we're living in a dictatorship because Noam Chomsky isn't on the front page of the New York Times every single day.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A26274-2002Jul4?language-printer (834 words)

	Irish defamation law
		The essential practical difference between libel and slander nowadays is that, in a slander action, the plaintiff (that is the person bringing the action) has to prove that the words caused him actual damage, financial or otherwise.
		If a spoken statement suggests that a woman has been unchaste, or slanders a person in his profession or calling, or suggests that a person has a criminal record or contagious disease, no proof of actual damage is necessary.
		Section 20: Proof of actual damage is not required in an action for "slander of title, slander of goods or other malicious falsehood" if the words are calculated to cause financial damage to the complainant.
	indigo.ie /~kwood/defamation.htm (3110 words)

	Unfettered Press: Libel Law in the United States
		Libel is a legal term that describes a written form of defamation, which the dictionary defines as a "false or unjustified injury to someone's good reputation." Sometimes the word slander is used in the same breath as libel.
		The two terms mean the same thing, except that slander usually refers to defamatory statements about someone that are spoken to others rather than written in a newspaper, magazine article, or book.
		Today the legal differences between libel and slander have all but disappeared due largely to the dawning of the electronic age.
	usinfo.state.gov /products/pubs/press/press08.htm (2228 words)

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