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Topic: The slave trade in Africa

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Slave trade

Atlantic slave trade

African slave trade

African slaves

Slavery

Trade

Triangular trade

West Africa

Africa

Racist

Slavery in Colonial America

Kingdom of dahomey

Mercantilism

Ghana Empire

Ivory Coast

	Atlantic Slave Trade - MSN Encarta
		Atlantic Slave Trade, the forced transportation of at least 10 million enslaved Africans from their homelands in Africa to destinations in Europe and the Americas during the 15th through 19th centuries.
		The Atlantic slave trade involved the largest intercontinental migration of people in world history prior to the 20th century.
		Land in Africa tended to be plentiful, owned communally, and parceled out to families according to their needs based on the number of laborers they could marshal.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761595721/Atlantic_Slave_Trade.html (1052 words)

	African slave trade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The earliest external slave trade was the trans-Saharan slave trade.
		Slaves purchased from fl slave dealers in West African regions known as the Slave Coast, Gold Coast, and Côte d'Ivoire were sold into slavery as a result of a defeat in fl on fl tribal warfare.
		In the late 19th century, the Scramble for Africa saw the continent rapidly divided between Imperialistic Europeans, and an early but secondary focus of all colonial regimes was the suppression of slavery and the slave trade.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Slave_trade_in_Africa (2232 words)

	Slave Castles and Diaspora of Ghana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Slave Castles and Slave Trade of Ghana
		The volume of the slave trade in West Africa grew rapidly from its inception around 1500 to its peak in the eighteenth century.
		The demographic impact of the slave trade on West Africa was probably substantially greater than the number actually enslaved because a significant number of Africans perished during slaving raids or while in captivity awaiting transshipment.
	www.atidekate.com /Diaspora.htm (1701 words)

	The African Holocaust—The Slave Trade
		You cannot explain the slave trade and vindicate or rationalize the European participation in the slave trade by saying some Africans were in the slave trade and sold slaves to the Europeans.
		The European slave trade was a three continent industry that brought about a revolution in maritime science, international trade and a system of mercantilism that had not previously existed in world history.
		This is one of the numerous missing statistics in the attempt to estimate the number of Africans who died in the slave trade within Africa, the number of those who died in the slave dungeons waiting for shipment to the Americas, and the number of those who died on the journey to the Americas.
	www.africawithin.com /clarke/part30f10.htm (3056 words)

	Slave Trade in Africa Changes
		In Africa, slaves were a sign of wealth, while slavery in other countries, generally was a result of hate for a certain racial group.
		Slaves were traded to North America and the Caribbean Islands for supplies, such as sugar, cotton and tobacco.
		Narrative of the Enslavement of a Native of Africa
	www.hyperhistory.net /apwh/essays/cot/t1slavelo.htm (495 words)

	Santeria - Palo And Lukumi Organization
		They obtained access to the gold trade by trading along the Gulf of Guinea, establishing a base at Elmina ("the mine") on the Gold Coast (Ghana), and they made their way into the Indian Ocean, militarily securing a monopoly of the spice trade.
		Nigeria kept its important position in the slave trade throughout the great expansion of the transatlantic trade after the middle of the seventeenth century.
		During the heyday of the slave trade in the eighteenth century, the major Ijaw villages grew into cities of 5,000 to 10,000 inhabitants ruled by local strongmen allied with the Aro.
	www.palo.org /yoruba/waslavetrade.html (1513 words)

	The Slave Trade - Middle Passage - African-American History Through the Arts
		Slaves were revolting and tried to flee the hardships of labor.
		A federal law, which was passed in 1793, allowed for the Fugitive Slave Act, which continued the slave trade and prohibited the freedom of the Africans.
		Before the Middle Passage began a slave trade already existed in Africa, but this slave trade was much different than the one that Europe would create for the Africans as the Atlantic World developed.
	cghs.dade.k12.fl.us /african-american/europe/slave_trade.htm (1348 words)

	Swedish slave trade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Swedish slave trade in Africa was always insignificant, and when the Swedish colony in North America, New Sweden, was taken over by the Dutch in 1655, the conditions for the trade disappeared.
		In 1788, the English Committee for the Abolition of Slavery sent a Swedish opponent of the slave trade, Anders Sparrman, to Gustav III.
		Once the slave trade became a hot issue, the Swedish government decided it was better to stay out of it, and the slave trade on Saint Bartholemew was abandoned.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Swedish_slave_trade (1228 words)

	Slave Trade: A Root Of Contemporary African Crisis [Free Republic]
		The slave trade grew from a trickle to a flood, particularly from the seventeenth century onwards.
		A consequence of the ending of the slave trade was the expansion of domestic slavery as African businessmen replaced trade in human chattel with increased export of primary commodities.
		It was one thing for European nations to use military might to protect their coastal trading posts and subdue disgruntled local chiefs, it would have been an entirely different matter for them to penetrate the interior of the continent and fight the hundreds of war that fed the slave trade.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a3b48a7586519.htm (7273 words)

	Islamic Slavery
		Gordon estimates the number of slaves “harvested” from Black Africa over the period of the Muslim Arab slave trade at 11 million – roughly equal to the number taken by European Christians for their colonies in the New World.
		Slave traders often created “eunuch stations” along the major African slave routes where the necessary surgery was performed in unsanitary conditions.
		By and large, the Christian slaves were poorly fed and housed, existing, by one account, on a meager ration of two slices of bread and a small quantity of beans per day.
	www.faithfreedom.org /Articles/SStephan/islamic_slavery.htm (1608 words)

	Slavery: Islamic and Christian Perspectives
		Like West Africa, the slave-trade in East Africa became prominent and was firmly established with the advance and endeavour of the Christian Europe.
		Now, in peacetime, with greater competition for slaves in West Africa, the way was opened for a massive expansion of the American slave trade from East Africa.
		In other words trade routes were forged by Africans from the interior going to the coast, not by the Arabs, or the Swahili, setting off from the coast into the unknown, hostile interior.
	www.al-islam.org /slavery/7.htm (1309 words)

	Africa and Slavery - African History on the Internet
		Dutch in South Africa, Portuguese language heritage in Africa, European forts in Ghana, Madagascar, Chronology of Portuguese possessions in Africa, Chronology of Dutch Possessions in Africa, a bibliography of Dutch Colonial history (16th-18th c.) by Marco Ramerini.
		Includes the essay, "The African Squadron, The U.S. Navy and the Slave Trade, 1920-1862" by Calvin Lane, professor emeritus of English at the University of Hartford and the full text of "A History of the Amistad Captives" by John Warner Barber (New Haven, Connecticut: E.L. and J.W.Barber, 1840.) The Museum is located in Mystic, Connecticut.
		I find the number of slaves exported from a country to be an important determinant of economic performance in the second half of the 20th century." Nunn is a Ph.D. candidate, Department of Economics and Institute for Policy Analysis, University of Toronto.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/ssrg/africa/history/hislavery.html (7098 words)

	Slave Trade Africa
		History of slaves and "white" slave masters - The arrival of the first slaves at the Cape.
		Slave societies living in constant fear - A task force set up to track down runaway slaves.
		Emancipation of slaves - From slavery to freedom and a new culture is born.
	www.rebirth.co.za /slavery.htm (161 words)

	The modern West African slave trade
		Recently, we have seen the revival of the once thriving slave trade routes across West Africa, after a lapse of 25 years.
		Slavers have reappeared following the old slave trade routes, except that trucks, jeeps and modern four-wheel drive vehicles and, on occasions, aircraft, have replaced the camels.
		The Society, in discharging its historic role, is currently working for the suppression of the slave trade in West Africa and the rescue of slave children.
	www.anti-slaverysociety.addr.com /slavetrade.htm (267 words)

	African Timelines Part III: African Slave Trade & European Imperialism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Earlier trade routes were now reoriented from the Sahara to the seacoast, and as the states of the savanna declined in economic importance, states along the coast increased their wealth and power.
		Within central Africa itself, the slave trade precipitated migrations: coastal tribes fled slave-raiding parties and captured slaves were redistributed to different regions in Africa.
		In the Americas, slave labor became the key component in trans-Atlantic agriculture and commerce supporting the booming capitalist economy of the 17th and 18th centuries, with the greatest demand in the Americas coming from Brazil and the sugar plantations of the Caribbean.
	www.cocc.edu /cagatucci/classes/hum211/timelines/htimeline3.htm (3454 words)

	Dhimmi Watch: Fitzgerald: Black Africa and the Arab Muslim slave trade
		That trade had supplied fl slaves for many uses, but particularly sought were male children who were castrated on sight where they were seized.
		Black Africa is poor; it is made poorer still by the cutting off of relations with the most successful foreign aid program, one based on encouraging self-sustaiining agricultural development,that of Israel, which was cut off at Arab insistence after the Six-Day War.
		Since fl slaves from Africa formed the bulk of the rebel armies, the movement became known as the 'Revolt of the Negroes'.
	www.jihadwatch.org /dhimmiwatch/archives/009139.php (1760 words)

	BBC News \| AFRICA \| West Africa's child slave trade
		There are growing signs that economic pressures and persistent poverty in Africa are leading to a resurgence of the traffic in child slaves.
		Until recently this trade has been largely seen as a phenomenon of war-ravaged societies such as Angola, Sudan, Somalia or Chad - where even 10-year-old girls are servants and concubines at rebel military bases.
		However, the increasing need for paid work in modern West Africa is eroding the traditional values of communities that once placed limits on the abuse of children.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/world/africa/412628.stm (859 words)

	Internet African History Sourcebook
		Africa is both the most clearly defined of continents - in its geography - and the hardest to pin down in historical terms.
		Map of North Africa in which figures the Atlas Mountains, the king of Mali (Mansa Musa), the king of Organa, the king of Nubia, the king of Bablyon, and the Red Sea.
		An Orthodox mission society based in South Africa, whose aim is to encourage Orthodox Christians to participate in the global mission of the Church.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/africa/africasbook.html (4137 words)

	Slave Trade guide
		Data include names, birthplace in Africa, skills, health, owner, and some describe personality and 'degree of rebelliousness.' Many of the original documents were created for trials or other legal actions regarding slaves.
		The data purport to indicate that two-thirds of African captives brought to Louisiana prior to 1730, were from the Senegambia area of West Africa.
		Antique and historical maps of Africa and the Americas are available at the UF Libraries to help you with research on the slave trade: http://www.uflib.ufl.edu/cm/africana/antique.htm Contact the Map and Imagery Library for further assistance (rare and early maps may require some special arrangements for use).
	web.uflib.ufl.edu /cm/africana/slave_trade_guide.htm (626 words)

	Africans in America/Part 1/Liverpool and the slave trade
		Africans in America/Part 1/Liverpool and the slave trade
		By 1700, ties with the American colonies had been firmly established -- the port was importing shiploads of sugar and tobacco in exchange for white indentured servants.
		And still another reason: the Royal African Company's monopoly on the slave trade had recently ended, opening the trade to all.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/aia/part1/1p318.html (238 words)

	Ilha de Mozambique - Slave Trade
		By the 18th century, slaves had become an increasingly important part of Mozambique's overall export trade from the East African coast.
		Arab trade from the Swahili coast, the French trade to the sugar-producing islands of the Indian Ocean, and to Madagascar.
		Although the trade in slaves declined as a result of the mid-19th-century slave-trade agreements between Portugal and Britain, clandestine trade, particularly from
	www.geocities.com /b_veronik/ilha/slavetrade.html (354 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Arab Slave Trade is the longest yet least discussed of the two major trades.
		The Eastern Slave Trade dealt primarily with African women: a ratio of two women for each man. These women and young girls were used by Arabs and other Asians as concubines.
		Due to the enormous length of the Arab Slave Trade, from 700 to 1911AD, it is impossible to be certain of the numbers of Africans sold in this system.
	www.geocities.com /CollegePark/Classroom/9912/easterntrade.html (862 words)

	Slave Trade. Primary Sources in Microform at Stanford University.
		Despatches relating to the Berlin conference resolutions on the abolition of slavery, relating to a treaty negotiated by Henry M. Stanley with the slave dealer, Tippu Tib, relating to the Brussels conference for abolition of the slave trade, etc. - Aloha South (1977), pp.
		The Brown brothers were among the first molasses and sugar merchants from Providence to engage in the slave trade.
		However a son of one of the Brown brothers becaume a Quaker and a leader in the anti-slavery movement.
	www-sul.stanford.edu /depts/ssrg/africa/history/slavetrade.html (1420 words)

	McREL : Mid-continent for Education and Learning, Content Knowledge Standards and Benchmark Database (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Understands elements of the trans-Atlantic African slave trade (e.g., how slaves were transported to the Americas via the "middle passage"; how European firms and governments organized and financed the slave trade; conditions of slave life on plantations in the Caribbean, Brazil, and British North America; how slaves resisted servitude and preserved their African heritage)
		Understands elements of the slave trade in Africa (e.g., how the Atlantic slave trade affected population, economic systems, family life, polygynous marriage, and the use of male and female slave labor in West and Central Africa; what narratives reveal about the experience of Africans sold into slavery)
		An excellent excerpt from the autobiography of an African slave will provide students with a thorough first-hand account of the slave trade.
	g.msn.com /9SE/1?http://www.mcrel.org/compendium/activityDetail.asp?activityID=138&&DI=6244&IG=a7fe355713fe400599a84048e0099dba&POS=7&CM=WPU&CE=7&CS=AWP&SR=7 (522 words)

	Impact of the Slave Trade on Africa
		On the early period of the Atlantic slave trade, I would recommend John Thornton, Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400-1680 (Cambridge Univ. Pr., 1992) not only because his own arguments are interesting but also because he does a good job of summarizing the state of the debate.
		I would push Martin Klein's point about overemphasis on demography and the slave trade further to note that there is much that is dissatisfying with the nevertheless appreciated research which has so far been conducted on the "impact" of the slave trade on Africa.
		The slave trade is still a broad field; problem is, given the sparsity and partiality of evidence generally available in comparison to the twentieth century, many young scholars are chosing the later over the former.
	www.h-net.org /~africa/threads/slaveimpact.html (1752 words)

	syllabus -- slave trades
		For the purposes of this paper, the only history you need to know is contained in the course readings so far.
		The historical accuracy of the film Adanggaman’s depiction of the slave trade in west Africa in the seventeenth century can be seen in the portrayal of alien space travel, frank acknowledgements of Saddam Hussein’s role, and….
		The historical accuracy of the film Adanggaman’s depiction of the slave trade in west Africa in the seventeenth century can be seen in A, B,C, and D
	web.jjay.cuny.edu /~thematic/umbach/fall03slavetrades/essay1.html (432 words)

	SLAVE TRADE IN WEST AFRICA: THE ASHANTI TRIBE.
		SLAVE TRADE IN WEST AFRICA: THE ASHANTI TRIBE.
		PAGE LENGTHS, FOOTNOTES AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES: The title of the paper, usually typed in capital letters, is followed by a brief description of the paper and a specification of text page length (NOT including the bibliography or endnote pages), number of footnotes or citations, and number of bibliographic references.
		Good study of how slave trade affected African politics; economics of slave trade, how Ashanti captured others for slavery and built a kingdom, then got caught in European imperialism.
	www.academictermpapers.com /abstracts/51000/51605.html (165 words)

	Impact of the Atlantic Slave Trade on Africa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Impact of the Atlantic Slave Trade on Africa
		Depletion of Human Resources (estimates show that Africa was drained of about 50 million people between 1600 and 1900)
		Encouraged warfare among Africans themselves to gain more Africans for slave trade (raiders destroyed crops, villages)
	www.ccds.charlotte.nc.us /arutyun/SlaveTrade/tsld009.htm (79 words)

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