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Topic: Slavoljub Eduard Penkala

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	TOZ Penkala d.d.
		Slavoljub Eduard Penkala, one of the most important inventors at the beginning of the 20th century, was born on April 28, 1871.
		Penkala’s life work includes some 70 to 80 inventions in the field of mechanics, chemistry, physics, aeronautics etc. In 1906.
		Penkala’s pens and fountain pens are exported into more than 70 countries worldwide, and his factory of writing supplies, with 800 employees, was one of the biggest in the world.
	kenny2.globalnet.hr /www.toz-penkala.hr/main.asp?ID=107 (286 words)

	Antiques, collectables, fairs in Croatia www.antikviteti.net: Eduard Slavoljub Penkala (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Penkala was born on 20 April 1871 in Liptovsky St Mikulas (today in the Slovak Republic), to a Polish father and a Dutch mother.
		Penkala found the city stimulating, and he soon became a high ranking official in the Austro-Hungarian Ministry of Finance.
		In spite of his responsible job and growing family, Penkala spent many hours working on a variety of inventions, and on 24 January 1906 he registered the patent for an automatic pencil, a truly revolutionary innovation among writing instruments.
	croatia-antiques.blogspot.com /2006/05/eduard-slavoljub-penkala.html (423 words)

	Croatia - Croatian National Tourist Board
		Mikula, a son was born to the senior cadaster engineers of the Monarchy, one Franjo Penkala – Polish by nationality, and his wife Maria, née Hannel, from Holland, nobody could have dreamt that the name of Penkala was to become famous world wide.
		From his earliest years Penkala demonstrated his interest in natural and technical sciences: physics, chemistry, theoretical and practical mechanics, and their practical application.
		And while his peers spent their time playing, little Eduard would while away his hours in his “workshop” or out of doors in nature, where he was able to discover many things.
	www.croatia.hr /English/Penkala/Djetinjstvo.aspx (255 words)

	About Eduard Slavoljub Penkala (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Slavoljub Penkala not only continued to hold his demanding job at the Ministry, but began to develop a new idea.
		By the time Penkala set off on what was to be his last journey as Head Controller in January 1922, he had brought to fruition more than eighty inventions.
		Travelling in bad weather, he returned home exhausted, soaking wet and ill. The doctors diagnosed a severe case of pneumonia, and Penkala died on the day he was admitted to hospital, at the tragically early age of fifty.
	www.penkala.net /Penkala/penkala.html (682 words)

	Slavoljub Eduard Penkala (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Penkala was born in LiptovskÃ½ MikulÃ¡Å¡ (in what is now Slovakia), to a Polish / Dutch family.
		He then immigrated with his family to Zagreb and subsequently added "Slavoljub" to his name, also becoming a naturalized Croat.
		Penkala died rather abruptly in Zagreb at the age of 51, after picking up pneumonia on a business trip.
	www.seattleluxury.com.cob-web.org:8888 /encyclopedia/entry/Slavoljub_Eduard_Penkala (305 words)

	Slavoljub Eduard Penkala \| Scienca (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Penkalas Vater stammte aus Polen, seine Mutter aus einer niederländischen Familie.
		Januar 1906 ließ Penkala seine erste große Erfindung, den mechanischen Füllfederhalter, patentieren.
		Penkala starb unerwartet im Alter von 51 Jahren an einer Lungenentzündung.
	www.scienca.de.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Slavoljub_Eduard_Penkala (201 words)

	Slavoljub Eduard Penkala - Wikipedia
		Slavoljub Penkala war ein unermüdlicher Tüftler, der ständig nach neuen Lösungen strebte oder versuchte, Bestehendes zu verbessern.
		Penkala setzte ebenfalls Uhren auseinander, da ihn interessierte, wie der Zahnmechanismus funktionierte.
		Penkalas Wissensdrang wurde nicht allein durch die Konstruktion dieses Fluggeräts ausgeschöpft.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Slavoljub_Eduard_Penkala (978 words)

	Journalist Web (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		For their âfatherâ, one time inhabitant of Zagreb, engineer Slavoljub Eduard Penkala (born in 1871 and died in 1922), one of the most famous inventors in the 20th century.
		The first mechanical pencil in the world was patented by engineer Penkala on the 24th of January 2006 and the first fountain pen in the world with solid-ink, on the 31st of May 1907.
		Penkalaâs pencils and fountain pens at this time were exported to over 70 countries in the world and in the time period between 1912 and 1926 it was one of the biggest factories of writing equipment in the world.
	press.croatia.hr.cob-web.org:8888 /pen.aspx?setlang=en (997 words)

	TOZ Penkala d.d. (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Inženjer Slavoljub Eduard Penkala, jedan od najznačajnijih izumitelja s početka 20.
		U tom vremenu inženjer Slavoljub Penkala stalno povećava proizvodnju i iz svoje radionice na Trgu kralja Tomislava 17, seli u Prašku ulicu br.
		Proizvodnju počinje pod imenom Elevator, Vinovica, proizvodi E:M: Penkala i dr. Proizvodi glasoviti Radium Vinovica, preparat protiv svih vrsta reumatičnih bolova, zatim prve deterđente za pranje rublja (plavilo), pa sredstva za impregnaciju drva, pečatne voskove itd.
	kenny2.globalnet.hr.cob-web.org:8888 /www.toz-penkala.hr/main.asp?id=46 (489 words)

	Slavoljub Penkala
		Eduard Slavoljub Penkala, the extraordinary inventor and innovator.
		The Moster family's wealth had been earned by diligence and shrewdness, and Edmund and his brother Mavro immediately recognized the huge potential of Penkala's invention.
		He was at the peak of his creative powers, and how many of his ideas remained unrealized we will never know.
	www.timun.hr /Slavoljub.htm (643 words)

	Tiskara - Novi Val d.o.o. - za grafičku djelatnost i trgovinu
		Penkala, olovka s dotiskom (vašeg logotipa ili reklamne poruke, slogana) je jedna od najpovoljnijih i najposrednijih vrsta promocije vaše firme, proizvoda ili usluge.
		Rok izrade olovaka, penkala s dotiskom u našem poduzeću ovisi o pripremljenosti Vaših materijala za tisak.
		Od osamdesetak patentiranih izuma spomenuti ćemo nekoliko svjetski poznatih: mehanička olovka - penkala, nalivpero i knipsa (držač pera), anodna baterija, prašak za rublje, rotacijaska četkica za zube, sredstva protiv crvottočine Krepax, radioaktivni lijek protiv reumatizma, kočnice za željezničke vagone, uređaji za mjerenje protoka tekućina i plinova.
	www.novival.hr /proizvodi/olovke_s_tiskom/olovka_penkala_s_tiskom.htm (376 words)

	Slavoljub Penkala - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Slavoljub Penkala - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		Penkala was born in Liptovský Mikuláš; (in what is now Slovakia), to a Polish/Dutch family.
		He also founded another factory named "Elevator" that produced various chemistry-related items, such as "Radium Vinovica", a patent-medicine-like product sold as curing various forms of rheumatism.
	www.music.us /education/S/Slavoljub-Penkala.htm (424 words)

	Penkala.hr \| Penkale \| Slavoljub Penkala \| Olovka \| O Penkali
		travnja 1871 u Češkoj, poljskog podrijetla, inženjer Slavoljub Eduard Penkala, jedan je od najznačajnijih izumitelja s početka 20.
		Penkala olovke i nalivpera izvoze se u više od sedamdeset zemalja svijeta i tvornica od 300 radnika 1911.
		Usporedo s procvatom tvornice Penkala-Moster d.d., inženjer Slavoljub Penkala intenzivno radi na području aeronautike.
	www.penkala.com.hr /hr/slavoljub_penkala.htm (185 words)

	Slavoljub Eduard Penkala - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Slavoljub Eduard Penkala (April 20, 1871 – February 5, 1922) was an engineer and inventor from Croatia.
		He attended the University of Vienna and Technische Universität Dresden, graduating from the latter in 1898 and going on to earn a doctorate in organic chemistry.
		This page was last modified 05:16, 17 December 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Slavoljub_Eduard_Penkala (312 words)

	Lupiga - "... svijet kroz obicne oci" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Jedan od najznačajnijih izumitelja,inženjer Slavoljub Eduard Penkala, rodio se 28.
		Slavoljub Penkala započinje svoju suradnju s Edmundom Mosterom s kojim gradi tvornicu u Branimirovoj ulici te stvaraju dioničko društvo Penkala-Edmund Moster d.d.
		Penkala svoje olovke i nalivpera izvozi u 70 zemalja svijeta te u tom trenutku posjeduje najveću tvornicu istih u svijetu.
	www.lupiga.com /enciklopedija/enciklopedija.php?id=115 (316 words)

	Croatian tourist magazine - Reports - Croatica.net
		It was on that airfield that Penkala flew a plane several hundred meters, before a crowd of excited viewers.
		He founded the "Elevator" chemical industry which was first to produce washing powders, preparations for rheumatic pains, sealing wax, preparations for the proofing of wood etc. But most successful was the "Penkala-Moster" factory (in 1911, due to a lack of funds, Penkala made a rather unfavorable deal with the Moster brothers, manufacturers from Zagreb).
		The ingenious innovativeness of Slavoljub Penkala was abruptly ended by his death of pneumonia in 3 1922.
	www.croatica.net /en/magazin/reportaze/default.asp?id=5&arhiva=true (572 words)

	Hot water bottle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Modern day hot water bottles are manufactured in rubber, and are commonly covered in fabric, often with a novelty design.
		The modern design is subject to a patent by Slavoljub Eduard Penkala.
		Prior to the invention of a rubber which could withstand sufficient heat, hot water bottles took the form of bed warmers, typically made of metal or earthenware and sealed with a cork stopper.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hot_water_bottle (234 words)

	Croatia Shopping - Reviews, Tips, Photos - VirtualTourist.com
		Eduard Slavoljub Penkala (1871 — 1922) was Zagreb-based extraordinary inventor and innovator, known by its aim to make practical devices simpler, more useful and of a higher quality.
		Penkala was also fascinated by the first flights of the Wright brothers and other pioneers of aviation, and became determined to design the first Croatian aircraft.
		Automatic pencils, Twist mechanism pencils, Push-button pens and other inventions by Penkala can be found in some stationery shops, souvenir shops and tourist offices in Zagreb and the rest of Croatia.
	www.virtualtourist.com /travel/Europe/Croatia/Shopping-Croatia-BR-1.html (1602 words)

	StudentNet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Patents have been registered in over thirty-five countries throughout the world.
		Penkala fountain pens, ballpoint pens and mechanical pencils are exported to over seventy countries world-wide.
		Penkala did not merely register patents but built an aircraft according to his drawings, which he completed in 1909 and flew in 1910.
	www.studentnet.hr /eng/people (1437 words)

	What are Hot Water Bottles?
		After Charles Goodyear created vulcanized rubber in the 1830's that could withstand heat without melting, the rubberized hot water bottle was not far behind.
		A Croatian inventor, Slavoljub Eduard Penkala (1871 - 1922) patented the first hot water bottle as well as the first fountain pen, named in his honor.
		Hot water bottles don't present a fire hazard and they don't produce the electromagnetic current of a heating pad that some research suggests might be dangerous.
	www.wisegeek.com /what-are-hot-water-bottles.htm (512 words)

	HRCappuccino - Članci
		Penkala dodaje gag, motor urla, cjeli avion podrhtava poput golemog leptira.
		Penkala je izumitelj prvog termofora, termos-boce, deterdženta, rotacione
		Boris Puhlovski u svojoj knjizi Penkala leti (život i rad izumitelja) opisao prvi let Penkalinog aviona; 23.
	www.hrcappuccino.org /articles/misc/Penkala.htm (454 words)

	(E) Croatia's Cup opens a world of memories - June 13, 2006
		Croatia has won several international environmental awards for having the cleanest waters in the Mediterranean.
		Slavoljub Eduard Penkala of Croatia became a legend for inventing the mechanical pencil (1906) and solid-ink fountain pen (1907).
		He also built the first Croatian two-seat airplane in 1909.
	www.croatianworld.net /Letters/6227.htm (963 words)

	Product Design Forums / industrial design community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Pen Design Project, "Penkala of the third millennium" competition entry
		This is my project for competition "Penkala of the third millenium" in Croatia (Hrvatska).
		Slavoljub Eduard Penkala was a first man who invented a pen with rechargable ink system and to honor him the biggest manufacturer of pens in Croatia called "TOZ-Penkala" made a competition.
	www.productdesignforums.com /index.php?showtopic=3946 (396 words)

	(E) 135 years since the birth of Slavoljub Penkala, inventor of fountain pen, January 26, 2006
		(E) 135 years since the birth of Slavoljub Penkala, inventor of fountain pen
		(E) 135 years since the birth of Slavoljub Penkala, inventor of fountain pen, January 26, 2006
		If the reader of this message is not the intended recipient, please delete or destroy all copies of this communication and please, let us know!
	www.croatianworld.net /Letters/5901.htm (110 words)

	CroMaps navigator: Curios
		The native of Zagreb, Slavoljub Eduard Penkala was the first one in the whole world to produce a mechanical pen and fountain pen (1906).
		This type of pen is called “penkala” the world over because of his name.
		The Croat Pavao Skalic (1534-1575) was the first one to use the word encyclopedia.
	www.cromaps.com /index.php?id=41&L=3 (258 words)

	Penkalomania
		Eduard Slavoljub Penkala was an inventor whose best known invention, the mechanical pencil, or, "Penkala" inspired a wave of "Penkalomania".
		I have no idea if we're related, but I have to say the word "Penkalomania" does have a ring to it.
		For more information on E.S. Penkala check out this site:
	users.myexcel.com /jmrpenkal/Penkalomania/penkalomania.html (51 words)

	Inventors
		Ernest Alexanderson (1878-1975) invented the high-frequency alternator used in radio broadcasts
		Slavoljub Eduard Penkala (1871-1922) invented the ball point pen
		Stormy Kromer (1876-1970) inventor of the baseball hat
	www.arkadien.org /inventors.htm (1229 words)

	CroMaps navigator: Zanimljivosti
		Prva hrvatska opera "Ljubav i zloba", koju je skladao Vatroslav Lisinski, izvedena je prvi put 1846.
		Zagrepčanin Slavoljub Eduard Penkala prvi je u svijetu izradio mehaničku olovku i nalivpero (1906).
		Po njegovu imenu takav tip olovke u svijetu se naziva penkala.
	www.cromaps.com /index.php?id=41&L=0 (179 words)

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