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	Slavophile - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As an intellectual movement, Slavophilism was developed in the 19th-century Russia.
		In the sphere of practical politics, the Slavophilism manifested itself as a pan-Slavic movement for the unification of all Slavic people under leadership of the Russian tsar and for the liberation of the Balkanic Slavs from the Ottoman yoke.
		This teaching, as articulated by Konstantin Pobedonostsev (secular head of the Russian Orthodox church), was adopted as the official imperial ideology in the reigns of Alexander III and Nicholas II.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Slavophile (527 words)

	Paramonov Historical Culture
		Slavophiles, by contrasts, are convinced that Russia 's historical path is unique, that its spiritual values are at odds with the Occidental tradition, and that its historical destiny is loftier than the fate ordained for Western countries.
		The slavophile influence could be seen in the fact that the 1861 reform which freed the Russian peasants from bondage preserved intact the commune as a social unit around which village life would evolve after the emancipation.
		And eurasianists labored to reconcile the bolshevik etatism with the slavophile nativism.
	www.unlv.edu /centers/cdclv/archives/nc1/paramonov_historical.html (11524 words)

	RUTR 274 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Slavophiles often argued that the Orthodox Church was a congregation that denounced personal egoism and individuality, favoring a more group-based "natural" union of love, faith, and customs.
		This is where, the Slavophiles argued, Russia was separate and superior to the individualistic West.
		In contrast to the Slavophiles, the Westernizers adopted the view that Russia's further development on the world stage would depend on the integration of Weestern technology and liberal government into their current system.
	faculty.virginia.edu /herman/tolstoy/slavophileversuswesternizer.htm (444 words)

	AllRefer.com - Slavophiles and Westernizers (Russian, Soviet, And CIS History) - Encyclopedia
		Slavophiles and Westernizers, designation for two groups of intellectuals in mid-19th-century Russia that represented opposing schools of thought concerning the nature of Russian civilization.
		The Slavophiles held that Russian civilization was unique and superior to Western culture because it was based on such institutions as the Orthodox Eastern Church, the village community, or mir, and the ancient popular assembly, the zemsky sobor.
		The Slavophiles supported autocracy and opposed political participation; however, they also favored emancipation of serfs and freedom of speech and press.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/Slavophi.html (305 words)

	Slavophiles and Westernizers: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Slavophiles have traditionally been at odds with the "Westernizers," who see Eastern Europe as...Soviet Union between contemporary Slavophiles and Westernizers is not a horizontal one between...
		The intricacies of his biography soon became an embattled territory for conservatives and liberals, Westernizers and Slavophiles, romanticists and realists; Pushkins oeuvre as such, once it was established as the eternal gold standard...
		There are basically two camps: The Slavophiles, who say say the Orthodox Russians are distinct from...ought to shun "impure" European influences; and the Westernizers, who have struggled to overcome their countys backwardness...
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/slavophiles_and_westernizers.jsp (1365 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Slavophiles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Slavophiles and Westernizers SLAVOPHILES AND WESTERNIZERS [Slavophiles and Westernizers] designation for two groups of intellectuals in mid-19th-century Russia that represented opposing schools of thought concerning the nature of Russian civilization.
		Like his brother Ivan, he was an ardent Slavophile and strongly idealized the village community as a voluntary association.
		The original Slavophiles: the roots of an abiding debate.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Slavophiles (559 words)

	ANU - School of Language Studies - ANU College of Arts and Social Sciences
		In 1980 the divide between the Westerners and Slavophiles was personified in the lives of Sakharov and Solzhenitsyn.
		The winning Slavophile position in respect of preservation of peasant community in a sense predetermined the lack of the visible owners’ class at the time of the Revolution (with Stolypin’s reforms of 1910 coming too late).
		The late 19th century Slavophile concept of the political representation out of the local zemstvo was to compete with the Westerner Checherin’s idea of political representation arising from the central political parties.
	arts.anu.edu.au /languages/Taitslin_abstract.asp (452 words)

	Intellectual History of Nineteenth Century Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Slavophiles were right when they said that mir was an old institution, but their image of a timeless commune was fundametally flawed.
		Paradoxically, Slavophiles rejoiced in the proposition that political institutions in Russia grew organically to oppose the imposition of the State on Russia by foreign influences.
		Slavophiles realized that all flirtation with Hegel must cease, since anything that persisted in history was, by Hegel’s definition, part of the progressive unfolding of the mind of the Absolute.
	www.converger.com /ksg/utopiasmarxdarwin.htm (8222 words)

	Nicholas I of Russia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Another group, the Slavophiles, enthusiastically favored the Slavs and their culture and customs, and had a distaste for westerners and their culture and customs.
		The Slavophiles viewed Slavic philosophy as a source of wholeness in Russia and were sceptical of Western rationalism and materialism.
		The Slavophiles, therefore, represented a form of Russian messianism.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nicholas_I_of_Russia (1398 words)

	"Poetic Artistry and Political Ambiguity: Pushkin and Blok Remain Objective and Balanced" by John Kennedy
		During Pushkin's lifetime in the early nineteenth century, Russia's major socio-political debate was between the conservative "Slavophiles" and the liberal "Westernizers." The Slavophiles believed that Russia should develop her own culture, her own institutions, and her own place in the world.
		The Slavophiles held the position that Russia had its own native culture and genius, and therefore, it was wrong to force Russia to follow a European pattern.
		Likewise, Pushkin's description of the statue of Peter, the bronze "idol with its arm outflung" (15) is a testament to the Westernizer philosophy since, to Westernizers, Peter is an incomparable hero, an idol to be worshipped.
	www.nd.edu /~frswrite/mcpartlin/2001/Kennedy.shtml (2112 words)

	Slavophiles and Westernizers
		The Slavophiles were a group of 19th century Russian intellectuals who were drown together by common beliefs, attitudes, and aspirations in such fundamental issues as religion, philosophy and the problem of Russia and the West.
		Slavophiles opposed Peter the Great, who wanted to mold Russia in the direction of the West, which split the educated society from the people.
		Slavophiles: Russia a pure, non-aggressive, communal nation, unspoiled by the west.
	www.auburn.edu /~mitrege/russian-culture/slavo-western.html (752 words)

	The Russian Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Slavophile framings of social and political questions found resonance also among thinkers who on most issues were far removed from Slavophilism and presumably should have been immune to such influences.
		Slavophilism was a system of thought consisting of a number of ideas that other Russian thinkers availed themselves of without subscribing to Slavophilism as such.
		The Slavophile notions that inform some of his political writings around the time of the first Russian revolution in 1905 can be traced back to direct influence from his reading of Slavophile literature and his encounters with Slavophile thinkers.
	www.russianreview.org /subpages/issues/oct05.html (1812 words)

	Russian History
		The Slavophiles were probably the oldest of the political schools at the time.
		The Slavophiles during the reign of Alexander II were of the second generation, and they were the ones to turn the Slavophile myth of old into a real modern political program.
		The Slavophiles saw this in action in the peasant communes, and believed that communalism in conjunction with Christian communal worship would become the source of Russia's sorely needed moral and cultural regeneration.
	www.onlineessays.com /essays/history/his191.php (1132 words)

	ONE
		The Slavophiles were profoundly religious and revered Russian Orthodoxy, a faith they considered to be much more spiritual than Western Christendom, which they disdained as allegedly under the thrall of cold rationalism.
		Nor did the Slavophiles believe in the efficacy of constitutional government, then widely advocated in the West, though they did condemn the arbitrary bureaucracy that meddled in the lives of the Russian people.
		And the Slavophiles did not favor the institution of private property for peasants, preferring instead the tradition of communal ownership of land that had evolved in many regions of the Russian countryside.
	www.oneworld-publications.com /books/texts/russia-a-short-history-chapter.htm (7053 words)

	www.rian.ru
		Slavophiles who think Russia has a special national mission derive entertainment from this situation every day.
		The latter are happy that all conditions, limitations and other obstacles stipulated in the charter documents of the EU do not concern Russia so far and hence it will not lose its national identity.
		Slavophiles would like Russia to accept the European values of an open society and the supremacy of the law, becoming a part of the EU without formal membership.
	en.rian.ru /analysis/20050511/39965304-print.html (605 words)

	Untitled Document
		Against the common view of the Slavophiles as reactionary dreamers, indifferent to politics, it argues that Slavophilism was a conscious project for social change.
		Through focusing on the problems addressed by the Slavophiles, rather than the ideas that have generally been regarded as central to their ideology, Slavophilism can be seen as a reaction to the feeling of Russian backwardness.
		This study concludes that the nationalism of the Slavophiles was not state-oriented, but a culture-oriented nationalism directed at the nation.
	www.statsvet.su.se /forskning/abstracts/abstract_rabow_edling_right.htm (350 words)

	Full TESINA
		One of the factors to be noticed, according to Zenkovskij, is that the slavophiles (and the latter panslavists) tended to be of the same basic tendencies, in their strong defense of Orthodoxy, the exaltation of the russian past and the criticisms of the petrine reforms.
		While slavophilism was a particularly russian intellectual movement, panslavism was directed towards reawakening the national conscience of the slavic peoples.
		The slavophile idea took on the form of russian panslavism with three important authors, Danilevskij, Leont’ev and Strakhov, in whom the conception of race and nation became panslavic, and the role of Russia and the russian social, cultural and political ambient was given a prophetic role therein.
	www.catholic-church.org /church-unity/rarp_k_e.htm (3465 words)

	Nicholas I of Russia
		Another group, the Slavophiles, idealized the Russia that had existed before Peter the Great.
		The Slavophiles viewed old Russia as a source of wholeness and looked askance at Western rationalism and materialism.
		Some of them believed that the Russian peasant commune, or mir, offered an attractive alternative to Western capitalism and could make Russia a potential social and moral savior.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ni/Nicholas_I_of_Russia.html (869 words)

	HIS 241 Marvelous Decade CTE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		According to the Slavophiles, the village community, or commune, (mir or obshchina), and the legendary popular assembly, the zemskii sobor, were the key features of Russian civilization.
		Let's draw a fine line between Slavophiles and Conservatives with the distinction being that Conservatives were staunch supporters of the tsarist regime whereas Slavophiles did advocate some changes in the tsarist regime.
		Edward Chmielewski, Tribune of the Slavophiles: Konstantin Aksakov (1962)
	novaonline.nv.cc.va.us /eli/evans/HIS241/Remarks/DecadeCTE.html (888 words)

	Slavophiles and Westernizers - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		SLAVOPHILES AND WESTERNIZERS [Slavophiles and Westernizers] designation for two groups of intellectuals in mid-19th-century Russia that represented opposing schools of thought concerning the nature of Russian civilization.
		The Slavophiles became increasingly nationalistic; many ardently supported Pan-Slavism after Russia's defeat in the Crimean War (1854-56).
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "Slavophiles and Westernizers" at HighBeam.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-slavophi.html (390 words)

	The French Revolution in Russian Intellectual Life: 1854-1905. - book reviews Europe-Asia Studies - Find Articles
		It is possible to argue, of course, that the most extreme Slavophile who ever uttered a random thought on the French Revolution contributed to Russia's 'intellectual life'.
		It is interesting to note that Slavophiles felt superior to the French revolutionaries and, by implication, to all Western elites, whom they accused of 'cruelty and sexuality', the latter in order to emphasise their own 'spirituality'.
		In contrast to the Slavophiles, the Westerners (the author uses the clumsy term Occidentaphilists) realised that as Russia began more and more to resemble the West, revolution could also be its heritage (p.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3955/is_n8_v49/ai_20545838 (834 words)

	TWO VISIONS FOR UKRAINE
		The debate between Slavophiles and Westernizers that marked Russia in the 19th century also affected Ukraine.
		Slavophiles saw Russia as "The Third Rome", chosen by God to rekindle the flame of true Christianity and conquer the world for the True Faith.
		Their attitude strengthens Slavophiles in Moscow and Kiev just as it encourages pan-Islamists in Ankara.
	www.benadorassociates.com /pf.php?id=10110 (1188 words)

	[No title]
		Another writer argued that he could serve as a "spiritual father" to the Russian "orphans." Therefore it is proper to focus on Solzhenitsyn's Rebuilding Russia, published prior to the collapse of the Soviet Union, as a succinct summarization of the neo-Slavophile position.
		The original Slavophiles, whose ideology developed during the 1800s, argued that Peter the Great importation of Western ideas was damaging to Russia's history, culture, and contributions to humanity.
		Russian culture and social arrangements were superior to the West because they were based upon organic collectivism and the true Orthodox Christian faith; in contrast to the Western values of capitalism, rationality, and individuality, all of which leave man mired in spiritual poverty.
	www.ndsu.nodak.edu /ndsu/ambrosio/old/ndsu/pols499/russia_national_identity.html (1849 words)

	Encyclopedia
		He became involved in the ideological controversy between two groups of intellectuals known as the Westernizers and the Slavophiles.
		The Slavophiles, rigidly Orthodox, championed native Russian customs and believed that they should remain untainted by foreign influences.
		Later, he spent long periods of time outside Russia, often mainly to be near the celebrated opera singer Pauline Viardot-Garcia (1821–1910), whom he loved.
	www.historychannel.com /encyclopedia/article.jsp?link=FWNE.fw..tu102800.a (468 words)

	[No title]
		His idealization of the mystic Russian past in “History of the Russian State” was inspired by Schellingism and Hegelianism and by his death in 1826, he had laid the ground for the first Slavophiles to emerge.
		The Slavophiles were primarily concerned with Russia’s mystic past.
		Some ideas of Slavophile movement were similar to those of Oldbelievers, in particular the notion of idealization of Russia’s past, however, the foundation of Slavophilism should be referred to the influence of German Romantism and to the reaction to the Petrine reforms.
	tupearl.net /papers/slavophiles.doc (970 words)

	[No title]
		Historical theories of slavophiles: people and political power in Russian history, Specific connections between Tsar and people — the people rejected to have a political power (A.S. Khomiakov and I. Kireevskii).
		Contrast between external and internal truth, Russia and Europe, orthodox and catholic religions in works of Slavophiles Also they told about necessity of advanced Russian state in base of internal truth (truth of common people).
		Slavophiles place in the history of Russian thought.
	www.ceu.hu /crc/Syllabi/alumni/nationalism/dubina.html (1379 words)

	Scientific journal "The News of Altai State University". 2001 #4(22). Philosophy.
		This article is an attempt to observe how the political gnosiology was viewed by the leading participants of the classical Russian Slavophilism in the 2nd quarter of the 19th century.
		The purpose of the search is to show the Early Slavophiles' understanding of the differences between the fundamental reasons of the process of the cognition of the political phenomena in Western Europe and in Russia.
		The author also compares the Slavophiles' political theory of knowledge with the conceptions of the participants of the German Classic Philosophy treated at that time and also with the theories of the Russian Orthodox theology.
	tbs.asu.ru /news/2001/4/phls/05.en.html (212 words)

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