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Topic: Sleep spindle

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	Sleep spindle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A Sleep spindle is burst of brain activity visible on an EEG that occurs during stage 2 sleep.
		Sleep spindles are one of several measures employed by the brain to keep a sleeper in an unconscious state.
		This pattern is produced during sleep to inhibit the processing of unnecessary information, which would especially interrupt stage 2 sleep.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sleep_spindle (136 words)

	NREM - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dreaming is rare during NREM sleep, and the muscles are not paralyzed as in REM sleep.
		EEG recordings tend to show characteristic "sleep spindles" and "K-complexes" during this stage.
		Sleep spindles in the stage 2 figure are underlined in red.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/NREM (315 words)

	Sleep Research Zurich Paper-Abstracts 2000
		Because spindle oscillations are thought to be involved in blocking sensory input to the cortex during sleep, the decrease in synchronous spindle frequency activity following hemispheric stroke may contribute to the observed reduction in sleep continuity.
		Sleep architecture and EEG topography during wakefulness and sleep were studied in eight depressed patients before and after five weeks of treatment with phenelzine (30—90 mg/day), which induced a significant alleviation of depressive symptoms.
		Sleep scoring and spectral analysis were based on the central derivation of the healthy hemisphere.
	www.unizh.ch /phar/sleep/papabs02.htm (3751 words)

	eMedicine - EEG Atlas: Normal Sleep EEG - Stage II : Article by Selim R Benbadis, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The distinct and principal EEG criterion to establish stage II sleep is the appearance of sleep spindles or K complexes.
		The presence of sleep spindles is necessary and sufficient to define stage II sleep.
		Sleep spindles have a frequency of 12-16 Hz (typically 14 Hz) and are maximal in the central region (vertex), although they occasionally predominate in the frontal regions.
	www.emedicine.com /neuro/topic675.htm (1302 words)

	Sleep
		Presumably, this cyclical pattern exists because sleep is somewhat dangerous for animals, and it is important to check on your situation from time to time.
		Sleep walking is where a person gets out of bed and wanders about, sometimes doing routine activities such as getting dressed.
		Typically, people with sleep apnea go to a sleep clinic, where they are monitored with EEG and other devices, to determine the extent of their problem.
	www.ship.edu /~cgboeree/genpsysleep.html (1819 words)

	Melatonin directly facilitates healthy sleep in humans - Sleep Disorders : Epilepsy.com
		The rhythm of plasma melatonin originating from the pineal gland and driven by the circadian pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus is closely associated with the circadian (approximately 24 h) variation in sleep propensity and sleep spindle activity in humans, physiologists in Australia explained.
		Sleep per 16 h was not significantly different and approached asymptotic values of 8.7 h in both conditions, test results showed.
		The percentage of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was not affected by melatonin, but the percentage of stage 2 sleep and sleep spindle activity increased, and the percentage of stage 3 sleep decreased.
	www.epilepsy.com /newsfeed/pr_1107527419.html (472 words)

	Sleep terms Definitions
		Dyssomnia - a disorder of sleep or wakefulness; not a parasomnia
		Sleep Debt - result of recurrent sleep deprivation which occurs over time when an individual does not experience a sufficient amount of the restorative daily sleep that is required to maintain a sense of feeling rested and refreshed. .
		Sleep stage 2 - a stage of NREM sleep characterized by sleep spindles and K complexes against a relatively low-voltage, mixed-frequency EEG background; high-voltage delta waves may comprise up to 20% of stage 2 epochs; usually accounts for 45-55% of total sleep time.
	www.sleepnet.com /definition.html (6877 words)

	Declarative memory consolidation: Mechanisms acting during human sleep -- Gais and Born 11 (6): 679 -- Learning & ...
		This course is paralleled by strong increases in spindle, delta, and slow oscillation power at the passage into SWS followed by a slight decrease during SWS.
		Born, J., Muth, S., and Fehm, H.L. The significance of sleep onset and slow wave sleep for nocturnal release of growth hormone (GH) and cortisol.
		Marshall, L., Mölle, M., and Born, J. Spindle and slow wave rhythms at slow wave sleep transitions are linked to strong shifts in the cortical direct current potential.
	www.learnmem.org /cgi/content/full/11/6/679 (5404 words)

	Does sleep spindle frequency and density discriminate between the various types of epilepsy? CHEST - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		From computer modeling it is hypothesized that that there is cortical transformation of one of every 2 or more spindle waves to a spike component of spike and wave discharges and the other replaced by a slow wave1.
		From the whole night EEG recordings, segments of 300 seconds were extracted to assess spindle duration, number of spindles and fraction of spindle time per Epoch of stage 2 sleep by 2 independent scorers blinded to the clinical information.
		Although mean spindle duration and fraction of spindle time per epoch of stage 2 sleep occurred more in temporal lobe epilepsy, this was not statistically significant.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0984/is_4_128/ai_n15792135 (395 words)

	Melatonin advances the circadian timing of EEG sleep and directly facilitates sleep without altering its duration in ...
		Following the second constant routine, sleep was well consolidated in both trials and delta activity declined progressively in the course of the sleep episode, as it did in most other episodes of consolidated sleep.
		Sleep efficiency data from the washout night are compared to plasma melatonin levels during the second constant routine, for the melatonin trial (upper panel) and the placebo trial (lower panel).
		Contribution of the circadian pacemaker and the sleep homeostat to sleep propensity, sleep structure, electroencephalographic slow waves, and sleep spindle activity in humans.
	jp.physoc.org /cgi/content/full/561/1/339 (6851 words)

	Product Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Conventional time- and frequency-domain techniques are used to form many commonly measured sleep parameters (55 at last count), and to guide the program toward data segments potentially containing characteristic waveforms and away from featureless or ill-suited stretches of data.
		Over fifty plots of possible interest in sleep studies are optionally produced and can be manipulated (sized, smoothed, filtered, clipped, etc.) in dozens of ways, printed or saved as data files or bitmaps for inclusion in documents.
		Complete, visually scored analysis results (sleep hypnograms) and the raw data files were supplied by the collaborating centers, both on media (Iomega ZIP Drive disks) and in printed form.
	www.websciences.org /ark/productoverview_int.html (804 words)

	What does brain damage tell us about the mechanisms of sleep? -- Evans 95 (12): 591 -- Journal of the Royal Society of ...
		Figure 2 Relation between sleep spindles (ss) and cyclical alternating pattern in early sleep.
		The bar graph shows the intervals between the onsets of 1148 sleep spindles; pooled data from 32 individuals in stage 2-3 sleep.
		sleep are very low indeed, indicating deactivation at this level.
	www.jrsm.org /cgi/content/full/95/12/591 (2875 words)

	SRO: Abstract Browser
		The cellular substrates of sleep oscillations have recently been investigated by means of multi-site, intracellular and extracellular recordings under anesthesia, and these data have been validated during natural sleep in cats and humans.
		Animals were divided into three groups: REM sleep deprivation group (small platforms 6.5 cm of diameter); stress group (large platforms 14 cm of diameter) and cage control group.
		Because Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) patients may be treated for comorbidities prior to OSAS diagnosis, we examined the health care utilization records of 181 OSAS patients and those of matched controls.
	www.sro.org /volume1issue1/abstractbrowser.htm (2103 words)

	Sleep Medicine Home Page
		Undergraduate sleep syllabus University of Arizona undergraduate and graduate sleep syllabus.
		Encyclopaedia of Sleep and Sleep Disorders By Michael Thorpy MD and Jan Yager PhD.
		Sleeping Well A Source book for the general public on Sleep and Sleep Disorders, by Michael Thorpy MD and Jan Yager PhD.
	www.users.cloud9.net /~thorpy (2526 words)

	Reciprocal Interaction of Sleep and Synaptic Plasticity -- Miyamoto and Hensch 3 (7): 404 -- Molecular Interventions
		"active sleep," proposed to be a precursor of REM sleep.
		Kattler, H., Dijk, D.J., and Borbely, A.A. Effect of unilateral somatosensory stimulation prior to sleep on the sleep EEG in humans.
		Hoffman, K.L. and McNaughton, B.L. Sleep on it: cortical reorganization after-the-fact.
	molinterv.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/3/7/404 (6716 words)

	Grouping of Spindle Activity during Slow Oscillations in Human Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep -- Mölle et al. 22 ...
		Grouping of Spindle Activity during Slow Oscillations in Human Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep -- Mölle et al.
		Based on findings primarily in cats, the grouping of spindle activity and fast brain oscillations by slow oscillations during
		and widespread increase in rms spindle activity, averaging 0.63
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/abstract/22/24/10941 (537 words)

	Abstract: Decreased sleep spindles and spindle activity in midlife women with fibromyalgia and pain
		A second goal was to explore the extent to which pain pressure thresholds, age, and depression explain the variance in spindle incidence.
		Time domain analysis of spindle incidence and spectral analysis of spindle frequency activity were conducted on night 2 of polysomnography recordings.
		CONCLUSIONS: Women with FM and pain have fewer sleep spindles and reduced electroencephalogram power in spindle frequency activity compared to control women of similar age.
	www.immunesupport.com /library/showarticle.cfm/ID/5844 (314 words)

	Pattern-Specific Associative Long-Term Potentiation Induced by a Sleep Spindle-Related Spike Train -- Rosanova and ...
		Spindles are non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep EEG rhythms
		underlying spindles in vivo to induce synaptic plasticity in
		This is in support of a role for sleep spindles
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/abstract/25/41/9398 (268 words)

	Sleep Related Web Sites - Total Sleep Services (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Sleep Research Laboratory, Loughborough University, UK New Standard for Integrating Polygraphic Recordings into a Comprehensive Model of Human Sleep and its Validation in Sleep Disorders.
		Sleep Research Center, Oasi Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Italy.
		Sleep Spindle Research Dynamic Topography of Sleep Spindles.
	www.webhunterdesigns.com /totalsleep/links.htm (136 words)

	Power and coherence of sleep spindle frequency activity following hemispheric stroke -- Gottselig et al. 125 (2): 373 ...
		coherent sleep spindles in humans, and they are consonant with
		Because spindle oscillations are thought to be involved in blocking
		sensory input to the cortex during sleep, the decrease in synchronous
	brain.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/125/2/373 (323 words)

	OUP: UK General Catalogue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		During sleep, the mammalian brain generates an orderly progression of low frequency oscillations.
		The precision experimental data collected has provided a foundation for the study of dynamic activity in the central nervous systems and it is now possible to suggest a role for thalamocortical oscillations in memory consolidation.
		Thalamocortical Assemblies is for neuroscientists, neurobiologists, physiologists and other researchers interested in sleep and memory processes.
	www.oup.com /uk/catalogue/?ci=9780198524250 (531 words)

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