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Topic: Wetland sloughs

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	Urban Creeks Council Sacramento Creek Histories
		This historic slough came off the American River at the present CSUS campus and flowed west and south through midtown to a wetland area at the present site of Land Park, and eventually to the Beach-Stone Lakes and Snodgrass Slough area in the south county.
		The slough was the path of major flood events that overtopped the American River.
		As the city grew in the 1860's-1870's Burns Slough was diverted to the east.
	www.sacto-ucc.org /ucc-creeks-sloughs.htm (1888 words)

	National Audubon Society :: Saving Wetlands Chapter 2
		Wetlands are lands transitional between terrestrial and aquatic systems where the water table is usually at or near the surface or the land is covered by shallow water.
		Wetlands may be woody or herbaceous, salt water or fresh, covered with vegetation or supporting only sparse emergent growth, found in sub-polar, temperate, or tropical locales, within deserts and near oceans, bordering rivers and streams, at sea level or high in the Sierras.
		While wetland functions, such as sediment control and flood storage, are natural processes of the wetlands that continue regardless of their perceived value to humans, the value man places on those functions in many cases is the primary factor determining whether a wetland remains intact or is converted for some other use.
	www.audubon.org /states/fl/fl/main/wetlands/chp2.htm (3444 words)

	Wetlands - EnviroTools.org
		Wetlands are areas where frequent and prolonged presence of water at or near the soil surface drives the natural system - the kinds of soils that form, the plants that grow, and the fish and/or wildlife communities that use the habitat.
		Wetlands such as swamps and marshes are often obvious, but some wetlands are not easily recognized because they are dry during part of the year.
		A wetland bank may be created when a government agency, a corporation, or a nonprofit organization undertakes such activities under a formal agreement with a regulatory agency.
	www.envirotools.org /factsheets/wetlands.shtml (1188 words)

	Wetland Management
		By definition, a wetland is a tract of land containing much soil moisture that supports certain types of water-tolerant vegetation.
		Wetlands are biologically rich, with a greater diversity of plants and animals than is found in drier habitats.
		On developed wetlands, moist-soil plants are encouraged in flooded fields by drawing the water from the fields during the growing season.
	www.mdc.mo.gov /landown/wild/landmgmt/wetland.htm (1268 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Swamps, marshes, bogs, fens, backwater lakes and sloughs, small streams, shallow ponds, lake and river shores, wet meadows and prairies, and bottomland hardwood areas are all considered wetlands.
		Wetland system associated with free-flowing bodies of water such as unimpounded rivers and streams.', 'Glossary'); return true;" onMouseOut="nd(); return true;"> Riverine system are associated with free-flowing bodies of water (i.e., un-impounded rivers and streams).
		Classes are based on the condition of the wetland's substrate and the hydrophytic vegetation present, both of which are a function of hydrology.
	dnr.state.il.us /Wetlands/Includes/contentch1f.htm (799 words)

	Slough (wetland) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In eastern and southeastern United States, a slough is a type of swamp or shallow lake system, typically formed as or by the backwater of a larger waterway.
		It is similar to a bayou with trees being present (that is, a swamp), and unlike a bog or marsh that lacks trees.
		In the western U.S., a slough is a secondary channel of a river delta or a narrow channel in a shallow salt-water marsh, usually flushed by the tide.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Slough_(wetland) (291 words)

	National Audubon Soceity :: Saving Wetlands Chapter 3
		Florida is blessed with a tremendous inventory of wetlands: cypress swamps, freshwater marshes and intertidal marshes, wet prairies, sloughs, river floodplain marshes, saltwater marshes, algae and mud flats, and mangrove forests.
		This chapter will describe each wetland type (e.g., cypress swamp, freshwater marsh) and list it by its common name, followed by its U.S. Fish and Wildlife classification, plant and animal species common to the wetland type, endangered organisms that use the wetland type, and the regions in Florida where the wetland type can be found.
		Wetland types occur along gradients (representational slopes) in these natural forces and can show how each wetland is affected by differences in moisture, salinity, soil depth, nutrient level, fire frequency, and temperature.
	www.audubon.org /states/fl/fl/main/wetlands/chp3.htm (3151 words)

	Welcome to Wetlands of Iowa
		Lacustine wetlands are found in the shallow protected areas of lakes larger than 20 acres with water depth in the deepest part of the basin exceeding 6.6 feet.
		Wetlands occupy a transitional position between terrestrial ecosystem and aquatic ecosystems.
		Wetlands supply habitat and prey for the muskrat, otter, beaver, mink, striped skunk, long-tailed weasel, raccoon, red fox, white-tailed deer, mice, voles, and shrews.
	www.reflectiveimages.com /WetlandsLC.htm (396 words)

	Indiana Wetlands
		In general, wetlands are areas where water covers the soil, or is present either at or near the surface of the soil for part or all of the year, including the growing season for plants.
		Wetland hydrology refers to the presence of water at or above the soil surface for a sufficient period of the year to significantly influence the plant types and soils that occur in the area.
		Before we began converting wetlands, there were over 5.6 million acres of wetlands in the state, wetlands such as bogs, fens, wet praires, dune and swales, cypress swamps, marshes, and swamps.
	www.in.gov /wetlands/whatis (1334 words)

	Wetland
		Natural wetlands -swamps, bogs, sloughs, potholes and marshes - occur in every state in the Nation and vary widely in size, shape and type.
		A wetland may have standing water year-round or may hold surface water for only part of the year.
		All of America's ducks and geese depend on wetlands for breeding, nesting, and feeding habitat.
	www.co.logan.oh.us /soilandwater/Wetland.htm (168 words)

	GSRC Wetland Delineation and Determination Services
		Wetland delineations involve surveys by qualified wetland scientists by transecting the property under investigation for hydric soils, hydrophytic vegetation, and wetland hydrology to classify wetlands.
		The area was bordered by forested wetlands to the east, crawfish ponds to the north and a canal to the west.
		GSRC conducted a wetland delineation on a 96.7-acre parcel near LaPlace, Louisiana to determine the extent of wetlands in the project area.
	www.gsrcorp.com /wetlands/wetland_delineation.html (2067 words)

	[No title]
		Wetlands and riparian areas are some of the many ecosystems that are found in Iowa.
		The wetland amounts reported by the NWI are based on interpretations of aerial photographs, and do not consider whether areas interpreted as wetlands are regulated.
		In Iowa, the NWI mapped a total of 577,429 acres of vegetated wetlands; 289,356 acres of pond, lake and reservoir habitats; and 97,405 acres of river and stream habitats.
	www.ag.iastate.edu /centers/iawetlands/downloads/macch3.doc (2489 words)

	Broward County - Biological Resources Division
		Wetlands have been compared to tropical rain forests and coral reefs in the number and diversity of animal and plant species they support.
		Florida’s historic wetland areas to lakes and filled areas, two-thirds of Broward County is set aside as water conservation areas and remains a part of the Everglades.
		Both types of wetlands are further categorized as swamps which are characterized by shrubs or trees such as maples, gums, bald cypresses and mangroves; or as marshes, characterized by grasses and sedges, where few if any trees and shrubs grow.
	www.broward.org /bio/aboutwetlands.htm (1000 words)

	[No title]
		The Iowa Wetlands and Riparian Areas Conservation Plan presents definitions of wetlands and riparian areas that are widely used and/or have been adopted for use by state and federal agencies.
		That report titled, "Wetlands: Characteristics and Boundaries," defines a wetland as: “an ecosystem that depends on constant or recurrent, shallow inundation or saturation at or near the surface of the substrate.
		The process of "delineating" wetlands is sometimes confused with defining them, but delineation has a different meaning that refers to determining the boundary of a wetland in a specific location.
	www.ag.iastate.edu /centers/iawetlands/downloads/ch2.doc (671 words)

	Kulm Wetland Management District: Physiographic Regions
		As cultivation of the rich prairie soils became the principal use of the land, these wetlands were easily drained into small creeks and streams which generally run east to the James River.
		The high density of wetlands, the lack of natural drainage and the rocky character of the soil have slowed the transition of the area to cultivated land.
		Wetland density is much lower than in the Missouri Coteau; however, some wetlands are not associated with natural drainage and are extremely valuable to waterfowl and marsh related birds.
	kulmwetlands.fws.gov /physiographic_regions.html (430 words)

	Pat's Page
		Wetlands are the link between dry land and water along the edges of streams, rivers, lakes and coastlines.
		Calm wetland waters, with their flat surface and flow characteristics, allow these materials to settle out of the water, where plants in the wetland absorb certain nutrients from the water.
		Forested riparian (streamside) wetlands in predominantly agricultural watersheds have been shown to remove approximately 80% of the phosphorus and 90% of the nitrogen from the water.
	www.clarkswcd.org /Archive/PatsPageWetland.htm (986 words)

	NPWRC :: Effects of a Legal Drain Clean-Out on Waterbirds
		The area of wetland vegetation in BBM in 1937 was approximately the same as in 1984 (U.S. Department of Agriculture photos).
		Kraft Slough from 1986 to 1990 held adequate water to support breeding populations of most species of ducks and most other waterbirds that were present at BBMK in 1979.
		Lake Taayer, a shallow saline wetland near Kraft Slough (Figure 1) was dry in 1990.
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/wetlands/case/result.htm (3305 words)

	Wetland FAQs
		The federal Clean Water Act, defines wetlands as: "Those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions.
		Wetland areas are known to provide a variety of significant natural functions from breeding, feeding and overwinter grounds for fish and wildlife to flood control and water quality and recreation uses.
		All wetlands were revisited and reevaluated and have been given a new designation of "A", "B" or "C".
	www.muni.org /Planning/FAQ_wetlands.cfm (1810 words)

	Alaska National Wetland Inventory - What We Do
		Wetlands are abundant in the valleys and basins associated with large river systems including the Yukon, Kuskokwim, Porcupine, Tanana, and Koyukuk Rivers.
		Other major deltas in Alaska that are predominantly wetland are the Colville River Delta on the Beaufort Sea coast, the Copper River Delta in southcentral Alaska, and the Stikine River Delta in the southeast region.
		Wetland trends information has been produced for the cities of Anchorage and Juneau, as well as the Palmer/Wasilla area, and the Kenai River watershed.
	alaska.fws.gov /fisheries/nwi/what.htm (441 words)

	BIO125 Biology of the Pacific Northwest Wetlands Links
		It is difficult to clearly define the different types of wetlands because many wetlands merge with other ecosystems such as ponds and meadows.
		Wetlands exist in places where the water table is at or near the surface of the dirt.
		Wetland prairies are filled with tufted hairgrass and other grasses as well as sedges and herbaceous species such as western buttercup and large-leaf avens.
	faculty.northseattle.edu /ecauldwell/bio125/wetlands_types.htm (544 words)

	[No title]
		Wetlands provide a wide array of functions including shoreline stabilization, nonpoint source runoff filtration, and erosion control, which directly benefit adjacent and downstream waters.
		Wetlands comprise a wide variety of aquatic vegetated systems including, but not limited to, sloughs, prairies potholes, wet meadows, bogs, fens, vernal pools, and marshes.
		Wetlands often provide valuable seasonal habitat for fish and other aquatic life, amphibians, and migratory bird reproduction and migration.
	www.lycos.com /info/wetlands--states.html (519 words)

	Welcome to Hubbard County (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A wetland is defined by the transitional land between terrestrial and aquatic systems where the water table is usually at or near the surface or the land is covered by shallow water.
		Type 1 wetlands are located in depressions and in overflow bottomland along watercourses, and in which vegetation varies greatly according to season and duration of flooding and includes bottomland hardwoods as well as herbaceous growths.
		These marshes may nearly fill shallow lake basins or sloughs, or may border deep marches on the landward side and are also common as seep areas on irrigated lands.
	www.co.hubbard.mn.us /Environment/Wetlands.htm (647 words)

	Why Watersheds are Important
		Understanding the hydrology of a wetland is important to decisions involving its future and to evaluating trade-offs involved in protection, development, and mitigation.
		Forested wetlands are commonly associated with backwater sloughs or oxbow ponds along river bottomlands throughout the state.
		These wetlands are sustained by groundwater flow and include saturated peat deposits, often in mounded positions along hillslopes and stream terraces.
	www.igsb.uiowa.edu /Browse/wetlands/wetlands.htm (713 words)

	NPWRC :: Eastern South Dakota Wetlands
		Earlier wetland inventories often underestimated wetland acreage because they focused on specific types of wetlands, for example, only those valuable for duck production or only those deep enough to hold water for a certain length of time.
		Some people, farmers who have a direct economic stake in how wetlands on their property are used, believe the most appropriate use is drainage followed by crop production.
		During the early settlement period, wetlands were generally regarded as wastelands and impediments to agriculture and travel.
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/wetlands/eastwet/intro.htm (665 words)

	Wetland definitions and classification
		A definition for what is a wetland often depends who is asking the question and what development or study is proposed for a particular wetland site.
		Wetlands are present in all climatic and topographic settings around the world.
		Wetlands are relatively common in tropical and temperate lowlands.
	academic.emporia.edu /aberjame/wetland/define/define.htm (1957 words)

	Lewis and Clark National Historical Park - Wetland Plants (U.S. National Park Service)
		Wetlands comprise approximately half of the park's acreage and include the tidally-influenced Lewis and Clark River, low-gradient brackish sloughs, freshwater ponds and several freshwater streams and springs.
		In February of 1806 Meriwether Lewis described the region's wetlands: "The grasses of this neighbourhood are generally coarse harsh and sedge-like, growing in large tufts...
		The park also has several acres of willow shrub wetlands, a habitat type that has largely disappeared from the Columbia estuary during the last century.
	www.nps.gov /lewi/naturescience/wetlands.htm (311 words)

	Wetlands
		It's a good idea to use these terms when discussing wetlands with scientists or regulators; these terms have specific definitions and are not as variable as the common names that vary with region and country.
		Palustrine wetlands may be connected by surface or groundwater to rivers or lakes, or they may be isolated.
		Forested palustrine wetlands occur in areas with abundant moisture, such as in the mountains.
	fishandgame.idaho.gov /cms/wildlife/wetlands/types.cfm (936 words)

	Wetlands
		Wetlands are defined as: An area that is covered with a shallow layer of water, or, at least for some period of time, has waterlogged soils and plant species which grow only in those wet areas.
		Wetlands are important water storage areas, especially for the heavy rains of spring.
		Standing water in wetlands allow sediments to settle and pollutants to be absorbed by plants.
	www.fws.gov /jclarksalyer/wetlands.htm (1332 words)

	St Louis County Parks and Recreation
		Wetlands are important features of the landscape as they filter impurities from the water, provide wildlife habitat, recharge groundwater, harbor endangered species, and in some instances reduce floodwaters.
		West Tyson Park Along the Meramec River and in a shallow swale on the Epstein Prairie are a number of wetlands and sloughs.
		The sloughs are recharged by the high waters from the Meramec and support a wetland shrub community of rose mallow and buttonbush.
	www.co.st-louis.mo.us /parks/nw-wetlands.html (510 words)

	Wetlands in the Great Lakes Region
		They range from small wetlands nestled in scattered bays to extensive shoreline wetlands such as those of southwestern Lake Erie, freshwater estuaries such as the Kakagon Sloughs of northern Wisconsin and the enormous freshwater delta marshes of the St. Clair River.
		Wetlands provide habitats for many kinds of plants and animals, some of which are found nowhere else.
		The mission of the Wetlands Program is to promote the protection, management, restoration and creation of wetlands to ensure a high quality of life for present and future generations.
	www.great-lakes.net /envt/air-land/wetlands.html (1364 words)

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