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Topic: Slow Wave Sleep

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	International League Against Epilepsy
		Long-lasting persistence of continuous spike waves during sleep is postulated to be responsible for the neuropsychiatric abnormalities in electrical status epilepticus during slow sleep.
		Therefore, although electrical status epilepticus during slow sleep is currently classified among the epilepsies undetermined whether focal or generalized, consistent data support the view that this syndrome is to be included in the domain of localization-related epilepsies, of cryptogenic or symptomatic nature.
		Sleep EEG performed at an early stage shows an increase of the aforementioned abnormalities without the features of the continuous spike waves during slow wave sleep (Tassinari et al 1985).
	www.ilae-epilepsy.org /Visitors/Centre/ctf/electric_stat_slow_sleep.cfm (2422 words)

	Sleep - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sleep is not actually "unconsciousness," but rather, it is a natural state of rest characterized by a reduction in voluntary body movement, decreased awareness of the surroundings, an increased rate of anabolism (the synthesis of cell structures) and a decreased rate of catabolism (the breakdown of cell structures).
		Sleep performs a restorative function for the brain and body as evidenced by the myriad symptoms of metabolic dysfunction that result when animals are deprived of sleep.
		Obstructive sleep apnea, a condition that is being diagnosed with increased frequency, may be classified either as a dyssomnia or as an example of a parasomnia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sleep (4165 words)

	Slow-wave sleep - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Slow Wave Sleep (SWS) is a term used to describe stages 3 and 4 sleep.
		Slow wave sleep is an active phenomenon probably brought about by the activation of serotonergic neurons of the raphe system.
		In the TC neurones this is generated by the 'slow oscillation' and is dependent on membrane potential bistability, a property of these neuroes due to a electrophysiological component known as I t Window.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Slow_Wave_Sleep (420 words)

	Electrical status epilepticus during slow sleep (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Long-lasting persistence of continuous spike waves during sleep is postulated to be responsible for the neuropsychiatric abnormalities in electrical status epilepticus during slow sleep.
		Therefore, although electrical status epilepticus during slow sleep is currently classified among the epilepsies undetermined whether focal or generalized, consistent data support the view that this syndrome is to be included in the domain of localization-related epilepsies, of cryptogenic or symptomatic nature.
		Sleep EEG performed at an early stage shows an increase of the aforementioned abnormalities without the features of the continuous spike waves during slow wave sleep (Tassinari et al 1985).
	www.epilepsy.org /ctf/electric_stat_slow_sleep.html (2422 words)

	Sleep Problems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		As is the case in adults, deep or slow wave sleep consisting of stages 3 and 4 is a relatively predominant in the first half of sleep and REM duration is longer during the last half.
		The major maturational changes during childhood are to do with the establishment of a singel phase of sleep as the child progresses from a circadian rhythm based on a 4 h cycle in the neonatal period to one based on approximately 16 h of wakefulness and 8 h sleep by the early teens.
		Sleep paralysis, the subjective experience of muscular atonia, and auditory, visual, or tactile hypnagogic hallucinations at the point of falling asleep are the result of entering REM sleep straightaway at sleep onset, a sign which can result in the child’s refusal to settle to sleep alone, even for daytime naps.
	home.coqui.net /myrna/sleep.htm (1726 words)

	Different Stages of Sleep
		NREM sleep is the sleep from which REM sleep emerges (except in special cases such as Narcolepsy).
		Stage 1 sleep is experienced as falling to sleep and is a transition stage between wake and sleep.
		It is called "slow wave" sleep because brain activity slows down dramatically from the "theta" rhythm of stage 2 to a much slower rhythm of 1 to 2 cycles per second called "delta" and the height or amplitude of the waves increases dramatically.
	library.thinkquest.org /C005545/english/sleep/stage.htm (741 words)

	Chapter 8: Sleep and Biological Rhythms
		Sleep spindles are short bursts of waves of 12-14Hz that occur between two and five times a minute during stages 1-4 of sleep.
		During REM sleep a person may not react to noises, but he or she is easily aroused by meaningful stimuli, such as the sound of his or her name.
		During waking and slow-wave sleep, REM sleep is inhibited by the serotonergic neurons of the raphe nuclei and the noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus.
	www.albany.edu /faculty/cafrye/apsy601/sleepch8.html (6110 words)

	SLEEP SYLLABUS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Presents a comprehensive theory on the function of sleep, but whether or not one favors the theory, the book is a goldmine of information for the professional on the function of sleep, both in its reviews of several different theories and of evidence relevant to the issue.
		Proceedings of a symposium dealing with sleep neurophysiology, the upper airway muscles and neurophysiology, ventilatory and upper airway response to loading during sleep, ventilatory instability during sleep, upper airway muscles, periodic breathing and apnea, upper airway mechanics and imaging, the consequences of apnea, cardiovascular function in sleep apnea and the treatment of sleep disordered breathing.
		Chapters are: Cardiovascular Regulation during Sleep; Sleep and Cerebral Circulation; Temperature Regulation during Sleep; Endocrine Rhythms; Hormonal Regulation of Renal Function during Sleep; Alimentary Function during Sleep; Breathing in Sleep; Control of Upper Airways during Sleep and the Hypersomnia-Sleep Apnea Syndrome; A compendium of Physiology in Sleep.
	www.sleephomepages.org /sleepsyllabus/fr-n.html (1387 words)

	Rats dream about their tasks during slow wave sleep - MIT News Office
		In work that may shed light on how humans form memories, MIT researchers report in the Dec. 19 issue of Neuron that rats dream about their activities during slow wave sleep as well as during REM sleep.
		Slow wave sleep, also referred to as non-REM sleep, makes up a large fraction of the normal sleep cycle and occurs earlier than REM sleep.
		That study focused on REM sleep, while the current study analyzes dreams occurring during slow wave sleep.
	web.mit.edu /newsoffice/2002/dreams.html (670 words)

	Mind Hacks: Genetics of slow wave sleep
		Slow wave sleep, typically characterised by EEG readings of less than 5 cycles per second, is thought to be important for allowing the brain to change its structure.
		Led by sleep researcher Julia Rétey, the team from the University of Zurich found that different versions of the gene related to the breakdown of the neurotransmitter adenosine were present in people who differed in their duration of slow wave sleep.
		Interestingly, caffeine's sleep fighting properties are thought to be due to the fact that it blocks adenosine receptors, suggesting that the adenosine system may be a crucial piece in understanding how and why we sleep.
	www.mindhacks.com /blog/2005/10/genetics_of_slow_wav.html (231 words)

	Articles - Sleep (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Sleep is not actually "unconsciousness," but rather, it is a natural state of rest characterized by a reduction in voluntary body movement and decreased awareness of the surroundings.
		Sleep appears to perform a restorative function for the brain and body, as evidenced by the myriad symptoms of metabolic dysfunction that result when animals are deprived of sleep (Gottlieb et al., 2005).
		The function of sleep in health and in disease is being increasingly studied in specialized sleep laboratories throughout the world, especially in developed countries such as Japan and the United States where such funding is available.
	www.babyblanketcenter.com /articles/Sleep (3293 words)

	slow wave
		This occurred because the division of stages 3 and 4 sleep is arbitrary.
		There was probably not more attempts to enter stage 4 sleep during the deprivation period because the requirement for slow wave sleep as a whole had been met through an increase in stage 3 sleep.
		The same effect is likely to occur when slow wave sleep as a whole is removed, because there is still that portion of sleep in which the EEG shows 0-20% delta waves, that is not classified as stage 3 sleep, but shows the one defining characteristic of slow wave sleep.
	macalester.edu /psychology/whathap/UBNRP/sleep_deprivation/intro03.html (555 words)

	Everything Sleep:Sleep Walking
		Sleep walking is usually a disorder that runs in the family and usually effects children from 6 to 12 years of age commonly disappearing at puberty, but has been know to affect people of all ages.
		Slow wave sleep (SWS) normally occurs in the first 2 sleep cycles; younger children have an additional SWS period toward the end of the sleep period.
		Sleep apnea, actual lapses of breathing during sleep (mainly during REM sleep), is another common disorder often connected with obesity and/or intense snoring which results in excessive sleepiness during the day.
	www.siql.com /sleep/sleep_walking.htm (3914 words)

	VADIM ROTENBERG. SLOW WAVE SLEEP REDISTRIBUTION AND REM SLEEP EYE MOVEMENT DENSITY IN DEPRESSION
		In group I Eye Movement Density (EMD) in REM sleep periods which preceded the enhancement of slow wave sleep was found to be higher in all cases compared to the EMD in the previous REM sleep periods, REM sleep latency was shorter than in group II.
		The subsequent sleep cycles were estimated as sleep duration from the end of the previous REM sleep period until the end of the subsequent REM sleep period.
		Benca R.M., Obermeyer W.H., Thisted R.A. and Gillin J.C. Sleep and psychiatric disorders: A meta-analysis.
	www.rjews.net /v_rotenberg/slow_wave.html (5066 words)

	slow wave
		This occurred because the division of stages 3 and 4 sleep is arbitrary.
		There was probably not more attempts to enter stage 4 sleep during the deprivation period because the requirement for slow wave sleep as a whole had been met through an increase in stage 3 sleep.
		The same effect is likely to occur when slow wave sleep as a whole is removed, because there is still that portion of sleep in which the EEG shows 0-20% delta waves, that is not classified as stage 3 sleep, but shows the one defining characteristic of slow wave sleep.
	www.macalester.edu /psychology/whathap/ubnrp/sleep_deprivation/intro03.html (555 words)

	What happens when you go to sleep?
		Non-dreaming or slow wave sleep itself has four stages, from the light stage we go into just as we're falling asleep, to the fourth stage of very deep sleep.
		Sleep apnea includes pauses in breathing, indicated by gasping, snoring or difficulty in breathing during the night.
		During a sleep study in a sleep lab, the patient's brainwaves, breathing, muscle tone and eye movements are monitored and the patient is videotaped during sleep.
	www.epilepsytoronto.org /sleep.html (2020 words)

	slow wave sleep - yannis kyriakides [049] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The idea for 'Slow Wave Sleep' came about from research I was doing about sleep and dreaming for a piece that I wrote in 2003 (Lab Fly Dreams).
		Slow-wave sleep (also known as stage 3 and 4 non-REM sleep) is characterized by brain wave patterns with a frequency of less than 4 Hz and upper brain inactivity.
		In writing 'Slow Wave Sleep' I wished to explore that mental area between wakefullness and unconsciousness, that we have very little awareness of, but that has a vital function in regulating our minds.
	www.circadian.net /pages/slowwavesleep.html (416 words)

	Sleep
		Sleep efficiency is above 95 percent for men and women through their thirties; however, it drops to about 80 percent among individuals in their seventies.
		In sleep apnea, the flow of air to the lungs stops for at least 10 to 15 seconds due to lack of effort by the diaphragm or collapse of the airway (Brock and Shucard, 1994).
		REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a syndrome of injurious or disruptive behavior that emerges during REM sleep (Schenck and Mahowald, 1990).
	www.ncstatecollege.edu /Webpub/Blewis/Psy110chp4/supplementsleep1.html (5666 words)

	Sleep Stages - SleepChannel
		Although the signals for transition between the five (or six) stages of sleep are mysterious, it is important to remember that these stages are, in fact, discretely independent of one another, each marked by subtle changes in bodily function and each part of a predictable cycle whose intervals are observable.
		Sleep stages are monitored and examined clinically with polysomnography, which provides data regarding electrical and muscular states during sleep.
		The percentage of REM sleep is highest during infancy and early childhood, drops off during adolescence and young adulthood, and decreases further in older age.
	www.sleepdisorderchannel.com /stages (1040 words)

	The Human Brain - Sleep and Stress
		Sleeping problems are almost always involved in mental disorders, including depression, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, as well as head injury.
		Sleep quality improved or remained the same for students who directed their focus away from their emotions, but diminished for those who fretted and brooded as a way to cope with stress.
		Sleep could prove to be an important part of the strategy for preparing for challenges such as exams.
	sln.fi.edu /brain/sleep.htm (2459 words)

	Sleep
		The Brain of an awake yet relaxed person gives off about 10 small waves per second and as the person starts to sleep the waves grow larger and are slower.
		Humans have gone without sleep for 11 days but they lose contact with reality for periods of time and think people are what they aren’t.
		Slow- wave sleep helps in building protein and restoring control of the brain and nervous system over the muscles glands and other body systems.
	library.thinkquest.org /J0113341/sleep.htm (421 words)

	Study Reveals Roles for Two Kinds of Sleep in Establishing Memories
		The researchers said their findings lay to rest previous doubts that sleep enables consolidation of newly acquired memories, and also establishes roles for both slow-wave sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in memory consolidation.
		Slow-wave sleep is a deep dreamless sleep, and REM sleep is associated with dreaming.
		Ensuing episodes of REM sleep, which are very short, trigger the expression of genes to store what was processed during slow-wave sleep." In principle, this model explains studies such as those by Robert Stickgold and his colleagues at Harvard University, showing that both slow-wave and REM sleep have beneficial effects on memory consolidation, he said.
	www.dukenews.duke.edu /2004/01/sleep_0104.html (922 words)

	sleep neuro paper
		What is sleep-A general overview of sleep depicting it as a behavior and not a lack of behavior.
		Sleep is often characterized as inactivity, a time of sedation to counter the arousal of wakefulness.
		During slow wave sleep the temperature of the brain falls.
	www.vcnet.com /~franz/sleep.htm (1721 words)

	Why Sleep?
		Computer models of the sleeping brain and recent experimental evidence point toward slow-wave sleep as a time during which brain cells undergo extensive structural reorganization.
		In studying the brain during sleep when we are aware of almost nothing, we may get a better understanding of the brain's secret life and uncover some of the elusive principles that makes the mind so illusive.
		Sleep may be the mind's opportunity to effect some "psychic adjustment", to integrate and dissipate tensions while the "waking self" has its guard down.
	www.kurzweilai.net /articles/art0393.html?m=5 (2601 words)

	SLEEP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		This view holds that sleep is a behavior, and adaptive response to a species misadaptation toward a certain time of day.
		This theory holds that sleep is a time for the brain to rest (this rest is not related to physical activity).
		Sleep is regulated by the POAH (in the basal forebrain).
	www.cnl.salk.edu /~fellous/courses/cogs17f2/notes/christa10-23.htm (1032 words)

	SLEEP: Gaboxadol Enhances Slow Wave Sleep - CME Teaching Brief® - MedPage Today
		Deacon underscored that unlike most pharmacological sleep studies, this one did not include a placebo run-in period to exclude placebo responders.
		Slow wave sleep duration was 105.7 minutes for gaboxadol 20 mg, compared with 80.4 minutes for placebo and 81.1 minutes for Ambien (P
		Commenting on the findings, Deacon said, "The most consistent finding we see in all our studies is that there is a dose-response effect of gaboxadol on slow wave sleep, deeper slow wave sleep." He noted that in sleep deprivation studies, the body enhances slow wave sleep in preference over REM sleep.
	www.medpagetoday.com /PrimaryCare/SleepDisorders/tb/3670 (649 words)

	Center For Sleep Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Siegel, J.M. Sleep phylogeny: clues to the evolution and function of sleep, In: Sleep: Circuits and Functions., P.H. Luppi, editor, CRC Press, Boca Raton pp163-176, 2004.
		Siegel, J.M. Sleep in monotremes; implications for the evolution of REM sleep.
		In Sleep and sleep disorders: from molecule to behavior.
	www.npi.ucla.edu /sleepresearch/pubs.htm (3196 words)

	eMedicine - EEG Atlas: Normal Sleep EEG - Stages III and IV : Article by Selim R Benbadis, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Sleep generally is divided in two broad types: nonrapid eye movement sleep (NREM) and REM sleep.
		Stages III and IV usually are grouped together as “slow wave sleep” or “delta sleep.” Slow wave sleep (SWS) usually is not seen during routine EEG, which is too brief a recording.
		Sleep spindles and K complexes may persist in stage III and even to some degree in stage IV, but they are not prominent.
	www.emedicine.com /neuro/topic689.htm (1088 words)

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