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Topic: Sludge

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	Sludge - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sludge is a generic term for solids separated from suspension in a liquid by a variety of processes.
		Excess solids from biological processes such as Activated sludge can also be referred to as sludge, although more often called Biosolids among water professionals in the United States.
		Industrial wastewater solids are also referred to as sludge, whether generated from biological or physical-chemical processes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sludge (375 words)

	Facts about topic: (Sludge) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Sludge is a solid waste (Any materials unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted) extracted in the process of sewage treatment (additional info and facts about sewage treatment).
		Such sludge will become actively putrescent (additional info and facts about putrescent) in a short time and must be removed from the sedimentation tank before this happens.
		After digesting for 6 to 9 months, the result is called "digested" sludge and may be disposed of by drying and then landfill (A low area that has been filled in) ing.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/sl/sludge.htm (255 words)

	Let Them Eat Sludge - Center for Media and Democracy
		Spreading sludge on farm fields happens to be the cheapest disposal method available, and WEF and the EPA claim that it is also the most environmentally sound method--that it "recycles" sewage waste by converting it into a valuable resource.
		Currently, "certified organic" farmers are prohibited from using sludge on their crops, but the sludge industry is pushing for acceptance by organic farming organizations, and this will be a battleground for industry PR in the future.
		The scientists selected by the EPA to serve on sludge advisory committees are the 'beneficial use' researchers, and the only research reports they deem acceptable for the purpose of adopting new sludge spreading regulations are from the 'beneficial use' studies.
	www.prwatch.org /prwissues/1995Q3/sludge.html (2943 words)

	Activated Sludge
		The activated sludge process is a wastewater treatment method in which the carbonaceous organic matter of wastewater provides an energy source for the production of new cells for a mixed population of microorganisms in an aquatic aerobic environment.
		The preponderance of bacteria living in activated sludge are facultative—able to live in either the presence or absence of oxygen, an important factor in the survival of activated sludge when dissolved oxygen concentrations are low or perhaps approaching depletion.
		The nonbiological component of activated sludge flocs are organic and inorganic particles and extracellular microbial polymers that are generally made up largely of carbohydrates (polysaccharide [complex carbohydrate] and glycoprotein [a conjugated protein in which the nonprotein group is a carbohydrate] fibers).
	www.college.ucla.edu /webproject/micro7/studentprojects7/Rader/asludge2.htm (2726 words)

	Sludge Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Sludge from biological treatment operations is sometimes referred to as wastewater biosolids.
		When the method of sludge disposal is land application, a separate state land application system permit for the disposal of the sludge disposal must be issued before the state wastewater construction permit can be issued.
		When the method of sludge disposal is transporting to a landfill or other wastewater treatment facility, a letter of acceptance from the owner of the receiving facility must be included with the wastewater construction permit application package.
	www.scdhec.net /eqc/water/html/sludgepage.html (764 words)

	Land Application of Sludge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Major advantages of dewatered sludge application, however, are reduced sludge transportation costs because of less weight and the ability to apply greater amounts with one pass of the spreading equipment.
		Sludge should not be applied in areas of aquifer recharge or in areas with shallow water tables.
		The amount of sludge applied to the land does not depend solely on the nitrogen requirement of the crop and amount of nitrogen in the sludge.
	www.aces.edu /department/crd/publications/ANR-607.html (3457 words)

	Sludge for Champions
		Sludge became a member of the Dynobots, a special Autobot unit directly under Grimlock's command.
		History (Marvel comics): Sludge was among the Autobots who joined Optimus Prime in his mission on board the Ark to save the planet Cybertron from a meteor shower 4 million years ago.
		Sludge was among the united Autobot and Decepticon forces who opposed Unicron's assault on the planet Cybertron in 1991 (Transformers #75).
	mywebpages.comcast.net /mathewignash/cssludge.html (908 words)

	Sludge
		The formation of sludge is a very complex interaction of components which include mechanical and thermal stress and multitude of chemical reactions.
		Sludge in gasoline engines is usually fl emulsion of water and other combustion by-products, and oil formed primarily during low-temperature engine operation.
		Sludge deposits can be controlled with a dispersant additive that keeps the sludge constituents finely suspended in the oil.
	www.synlube.com /sludge.htm (3160 words)

	Sludge Information, Letters and Opinions Page
		This sludge, also known by the more bureaucratic term "biosolids," is rich enough in nutrients to be used as fertilizer but toxic enough to warrant regulation.
		The EPA knew sludge contained other pollutants and bacterial pathogens, such as salmonella, E. coli, endotoxins, and asbestos, and viruses that cause polio, hepatitis A, and meningitis, but it decided to rely on sludge treatment and its exposure to air, heat, and sunlight to minimize their harm.
		Sludge also includes traces of household chemicals poured down drains, detergents from washing machines, heavy metals from industry, synthetic hormones from birth control pills, pesticides, and dioxins, a group of compounds that have been linked to cancer.
	www.madisonmatters.com /Stories/Sludge/sludgeOpEd.html (6270 words)

	Sewage Sludge Homepage
		About 60% of New York City's sewage sludge is pelletized at the New York Organic Fertilizer Company (NYOFCO) facility in the Bronx, which is an environmental justice issue affecting a low-income community of color.
		Much of this pelletized sludge is shipped down to be dumped as fertilizer on the citrus groves in Florida.
		People eating food grown on soil treated with sewage sludge may be in danger.
	www.ejnet.org /sludge (1109 words)

	Loudoun Neighbors Against Toxic Sludge - No Biosolids
		Sewage sludge is being used as a fertilizer, without informing the recipients about the complete contents of this contaminated waste material.
		In 2002, a National Academy of Sciences panel warned that sludge is such a complex and unpredictable mix of biological and chemical wastes, that its risks, when used for farming, cannot be reliably assessed.
		I am against the spreading of sewage sludge until scientific studies by independent researchers with no financial/professional ties to sludge promotion are completed to prove sludge is safe for the public health and environment.
	www.loudounnats.org (787 words)

	sludge - Center for Media and Democracy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Meanwhile the sludge wars continue at the local level, with communities in Texas and Louisiana fighting unbearable odors, groundwater contamination, and toxic pathogens from sludge, while in Georgia, sludge critics are dismissed as "a lot of kooks."
		Seven years ago our book, Toxic Sludge Is Good For You, broke the story of how the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was disposing of toxic sewage sludge by calling it "biosolids, a natural organic fertilizer," and allowing it to be dumped on farmland across the US.
		Today 70% of the nation's toxic sewage sludge is spread on cropland, a major environmental scandal and a threat to public health.
	www.prwatch.org /taxonomy/term/106/9 (1222 words)

	Health Watch 3A (SEWAGE SLUDGE)
		This was important to the farmer because he felt the sludge spread on his land would be “cleaner.” When we checked with three local treatment plants, we were told that each of their plants produces about 1400 wet tons each year.
		Contrary to what industry representatives told him, his sludge would be coming from a large-city sewage treatment plant, and this raised serious concerns as to the contents of the sludge.
		The public at large and those who live near areas that are sludged function primarily in the role of “outta luck lab rats.” In our research we found that the public is the subject of least concern in the world of sludge use.
	www.perelandra-ltd.com /AB1473/webpage.cfm?WebPage_ID=313&DID=8 (7894 words)

	The Sludge Hits The Fan
		It is no wonder then that the scientists selected by the EPA to serve on sludge advisory committees are the `beneficial use' researchers, and the only research reports they deem acceptable for the purpose of adopting new sludge spreading regulations are from the `beneficial use' studies.
		New York's practice of dumping sludge into the ocean first came under fire from the EPA in 1981, prompting the city to file a lawsuit arguing that ocean dumping was environmentally preferable to land-based alternatives.
		Sludge pathogens can move through many environmental pathway -- direct contact with sludge, evaporation and inhalation, contaminated groundwater, contamination of rodents burrowing in sludge, and uptake through the roots of crops.
	www.cqs.com /toxsludg.htm (9596 words)

	Bile sludge definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Biliary sludge can be looked upon as a condition of microscopic gallstones, although it is not clear at what size the particles in biliary sludge should be considered gallstones.
		Biliary sludge also may cause more serious complications, including inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis), and inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis).
		Since sludge usually does not cause symptoms, it should be strongly suspected that a patients symptoms are due to sludge before the gallbladder is removed.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8406 (443 words)

	Sludge Links "Biosolids" Links
		Toxic Avengers: EPA is pushing hazardous sludge as a fertilizer and the locals are fighting back, In These Times, by Laura Orlando, February 1999.
		Information on sewage sludge from the Cornell Waste Management Institute, including the document, "A Case for Caution: Recommendations for the Land Application of Sewage Sludge," 2001 Sludge Application recommendations, scientific papers by Cornell faculty, and 82 questions and answers on sludge.
		Joanne Marshall's statement to the EPA regarding the death of her son from sludge poisoning.
	www.riles.org /sludge.htm (915 words)

	Metal Sludge - Serving up fresh-hot Sludge since 1998!
		Anything you play will be held against you in a court of Sludge.
		If you do not have the testicular fortitude to do so, Sludge will be posted for and about you.
		Any use of metal-sludge.com to gain access to artists is done so under false pretense, with no actual association to the said company or it's owner.
	www.metal-sludge.com (462 words)

	Sewage Sludge (aka Biosolids)
		A 4-page summary and 20-page document are provided to help dairy farmers and their advisors make informed decisions regarding the use of sewage sludges, sludge-based products and septage.
		The Role of Municipalities in Regulating the Land Application of Sewage Sludge and Septage, by Ellen Z. Harrison and Malaika M. Eaton.
		Comments on Proposed EPA Standards for Dioxins in Land Applied Sludge - Cornell researchers submit comments pertaining to the proposed rule for dioxins in land applied sludges, February 28, 2002.
	cwmi.css.cornell.edu /Sludge.html (619 words)

	Hungry Software > Tools > SLUDGE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		SLUDGE (standing for Scripting Language for Unhindered Development of a Gaming Environment) is a system by which anyone (within reason) can make an adventure game.
		Yes, that means there's a whole new version of the free SLUDGE engine (which lets you play your own, and other people's, games) and an equally whole, equally new version of the shareware SLUDGE development kit (which compiles your images, sounds, dialog and SLUDGE code into files for use with the engine).
		SLUDGE can now perform anti-alias when rendering characters to the screen.
	www.hungrysoftware.com /tools/sludge (189 words)

	NBC5.com - News - Sludge Spill Accident Kills One, Injures Another (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		CHICAGO -- One person was killed and another injured Thursday morning when a truck spilled its load of sludge on the Tri-State Tollway in Palos Hills, causing at least four motorists to lose control of their vehicles and crash, shutting down two lanes of traffic.
		The unidentified driver of a 2001 Ford Escape was killed in the crash, according to Tollway District Trooper Doug Whitmore.
		The driver of the semi-trailer truck from which the sludge spilled was cited for failing to secure his load, a motor carrier violation, Whitmore said.
	www.nbc5.com /news/3717990/detail.html?z=dp&dpswid=2265994&dppid=65194 (447 words)

	HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886) - Online Information article about HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
		Browning, the poet, went to one of these, but without altering his contempt for See also:
		spiritualism, and he subsequently gave his impression of Home in the unflattering poem of " Sludge the Medium " (1864); Home, nevertheless, had many disciples, and gave seances at several See also:
		Lyon, a wealthy widow, adopted him as her son, and settled £6o,000 upon him.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /HIG_HOR/HOME_DANIEL_DUNGLAS_1833_1886_.html (439 words)

	The Sludge Hits the Fan
		The book was published by Common Courage Press, Box 702, Monroe, Maine 04951; 207-525-0900)
		N-Viro, a client of Hill & Knowlton PR, handles sludge treatment and disposal for sewer plants in New Jersey, Minnesota, Ohio and Harsham, England.
		"I've been eyeball deep in sewer sludge disposal on agricultural land for years," said Kirk Brown, a soil science professor at Texas A&M University.
	www.ejnet.org /sludge/sludge.html (9503 words)

	About CMD - Center for Media and Democracy
		Publications including articles and the following books by CMD staff:
		Toxic Sludge Is Good For You: Lies, Damn Lies and the Public Relations Industry
		Mad Cow USA, which documents the PR coverup of human and animal health risks from mad cow disease
	www.prwatch.org /cmd/index.html (470 words)

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