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Topic: Small GTPase

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	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Influence of simulated microgravity on the activation of the small GTPase Rho involved in ...
		The activation of the small GTPase Rho was influenced by simulated microgravity generated by a three-dimensional (3D) clinostat.
		The Rho family of GTPases plays an important role in controlling the organization and remodeling of the actin-based cytoskeleton, and these GTPases act as molecular switches that are active in the GTP-bound state and inactive in the unbound state [11-14].
		It is well known that the small G proteins of the Rho family regulate the remodeling of actin fibers [11,12,14].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2091/7/19 (4044 words)

	Small GTPase - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In biology, small GTPases are small (20-25 KDa) proteins that bind to guanosine triphosphate GTP.
		Small GTPases regulate a wide variety of processes in the cell, including growth, cellular differentiation, cell movement and lipid vesicle transport.
		GEFs catalyse nucleotide exchange by encouraging the release of GDP from the small GTPase (by displacement of the small GTPase-associated Mg2+ ion) and GDP's replacement by GTP (which is in at least a 10-fold excess within the cell).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Small_GTPase (529 words)

	Proteomics - Signal Transduction and small GTPases
		Small GTPases of the Ras superfamily are monomeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins with molecular masses of 20-25 kDa and serve as molecular switches to regulate growth, morphogenesis, cell mobility, axonal guidance, cytokinesis and trafficking.
		Binding of the active GTPase to the GST-GTPase binding domain has been shown to either inhibit or decrease GTP hydrolysis, which is an advantage for preserving the active state of the small GTPase.
		The Pierce EZ-Detect Small GTPase (Rho, Ras, Rac1 and Cdc42) Activation Kits (Product # 89854, 89855, 89856, 89857 and 89872) were developed based on the aforementioned principle that active GTPases can be pulled-down from a lysate via their specific downstream effectors and then detected by immunoblotting with a specific antibody (Figure 6).
	www.piercenet.com /Proteomics/browse.cfm?fldID=97D80799-CF9B-4D0D-81EA-5CA7ED33361B (1457 words)

	Small GTPase Superfamily
		The small GTPase superfamily comprises monomeric GTP-binding proteins with molecular masses usually in the range of 20-25 kDa.
		The small GTPase superfamily is synonymous with the Ras superfamily, this latter name derived from the Ras protein, the first member of the superfamily to be described.
		Small GTPases exist as monomers which function as molecular switches in intracellular signaling to control a wide variety of cellular functions.
	www.horizonpress.com /gateway/small-gtpase-superfamily.html (329 words)

	New! Small GTPase Activation Assay Kits
		Cdc42 and Rac are small G-proteins belonging to the Rho family of small GTPases, which essentially function as molecular switches, alternating between an active, GTP-bound and inactive, GDP-bound state.
		The Rho family of small GTPases regulates a variety of biological response pathways including cell motility, cell-cycle progression, gene transcription, and cell transformation.
		The active small GTPase is then measured by Western blot.
	www.chemicon.com /featured/SmallGTPase.asp (203 words)

	Small GTPase -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		This family of proteins are (Click link for more info and facts about homologous) homologous to (Click link for more info and facts about Ras GTPases) Ras GTPases and also called the Ras superfamily (Click link for more info and facts about GTPase) GTPases.
		Heterotrimeric (Click link for more info and facts about G-protein) G-proteins and small GTPases share common futures as (Click link for more info and facts about GTPase) GTPases but they have slightly different structures and mechanisms of action.
		Hall, A. & Nobes, C. Rho GTPases "Molecular switches that control the organization and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton." Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 355, 965-970 (2000).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/sm/small_gtpase2.htm (489 words)

	The BAR-domain family of proteins: a case of bending and binding? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Other regulators of endocytosis include small GTP-binding proteins of the Ras superfamily (small GTPases) and their various effectors, which regulate cargo uptake, intracellular transport (the Rab and Arf families) and also the rearrangement of the cytoskeleton (the Rho, Rac and Cdc42 family; Chavrier and Goud, 1999; Takai et al, 2001).
		This structure revealed a striking similarity to the GTPase-binding domain of Arfaptin 2/POR1, which is an effector of small GTPases of the Rho and Arf families and is involved in Rac- and Arf-mediated membrane ruffling (Peter et al, 2003; D'Souza-Schorey et al, 1997; Tarricone et al, 2001).
		The BAR domain of the Arfaptins was shown to bind to the small GTPases Rac, Arf1, Arf3 and Arf6, as well as to Arl1 (Lu et al, 2001; Tarricone et al, 2001; Van Aelst et al, 1996; Williger et al, 1999).
	www.nature.com /cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/embor/journal/v5/n3/full/7400105.html (3847 words)

	Small GTPase Cdc42 Is Required for Multiple Aspects of Dendritic Morphogenesis -- Scott et al. 23 (8): 3118 -- Journal ...
		Luo L, Liao YJ, Jan LY, Jan YN (1994) Distinct morphogenetic functions of similar small GTPases: Drosophila Drac1 is involved in axonal outgrowth and myoblast fusion.
		Nakayama AY, Harms MB, Luo L (2000) Small GTPases Rac and Rho in the maintenance of dendritic spines and branches in hippocampal pyramidal neurons.
		Tashiro A, Minden A, Yuste R (2000) Regulation of dendritic spine morphology by the rho family of small GTPases: antagonistic roles of Rac and Rho.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/23/8/3118 (4006 words)

	Cytotoxic Necrotizing Factor Type 2 Produced by Pathogenic Escherichia coli Deamidates a Gln Residue in the Conserved ...
		Nucleotides bound to FLAG-tagged small GTPases were measured essentially as described previously (34).
		The ratio of GTP to small GTPase-bound guanine nucleotides was indicated as a percentage.
		Involvement of the small GTPase Rho in integrin-mediated activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/67/12/6550 (5264 words)

	Novel small GTPase subfamily capable of associating with tubulin is required for chromosome segregation -- Okai et al. ...
		Novel small GTPase subfamily capable of associating with tubulin is required for chromosome segregation -- Okai et al.
		Novel small GTPase subfamily capable of associating with tubulin is required for chromosome segregation
		Rab, Arf and Ran subfamilies, serves as a signal transducer
	jcs.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/117/20/4705 (227 words)

	Analysis of the Small GTPase Gene Superfamily of Arabidopsis -- Vernoud et al. 131 (3): 1191 -- PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
		Sequences of small GTPases were obtained from the sequenced genomes of the three indicated organisms using BLAST (Altschul et al., 1997
		In Arabidopsis, all small GTPases that segregate with the Rho
		Batoko H, Zheng HQ, Hawes C, Moore I (2000) A rab1 GTPase is required for transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus and for normal Golgi movement in plants.
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/131/3/1191 (7355 words)

	RALA - Ras-related protein Ral-A
		Ral is a small GTPase involved in critical cellular signaling pathways.
		Involvement of R-Ras and Ral GTPases in estrogen-independent proliferation of breast cancer cells.
		The small GTPase RalA was previously identified on dense granules of platelets and on synaptic vesicles in nerve terminals.
	www.ihop-net.org /UniPub/iHOP/gi/91613.html (872 words)

	In Vivo Modifications of Small GTPase Rac and Cdc42 by Bordetella Dermonecrotic Toxin -- Masuda et al. 70 (2): 998 -- ...
		In Vivo Modifications of Small GTPase Rac and Cdc42 by Bordetella Dermonecrotic Toxin -- Masuda et al.
		In Vivo Modifications of Small GTPase Rac and Cdc42 by Bordetella Dermonecrotic Toxin
		The small GTP-binding protein rho regulates the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers in response to growth factors.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/70/2/998 (2258 words)

	[No title]
		Small GTPases are involved in intracellular cell signalling processes.
		Members of the Rab GTPases subfamily have been implicated in vesicle trafficking.
		P01123, Rab GDP-dissociation inhibitor in complex with prenylated YPT1 GTPase [1].
	www.ebi.ac.uk /interpro/IEntry?ac=IPR003579 (424 words)

	The Small GTPase Rab13 Regulates Assembly of Functional Tight Junctions in Epithelial Cells -- Marzesco et al. 13 (6): ...
		Bucci, C., Parton, R.G., Mather, I.H., Stunnenberg, H., Simons, K., Hoflack, B., and Zerial, M. The small GTPase rab5 functions as a regulatory factor in the early endocytic pathway.
		Chavrier, P., and Goud, B. The role of ARF and Rab GTPases in membrane transport.
		Stenmark, H., Vitale, G., Ullrich, O., and Zerial, M. Rabaptin-5 is a direct effector of the small GTPase Rab5 in endocytic membrane fusion.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/13/6/1819 (7221 words)

	The Fission Yeast Nup107-120 Complex Functionally Interacts with the Small GTPase Ran/Spi1 and Is Required for mRNA ...
		Nuclear accumulation of the small GTPase Gsp1p depends on nucleoporins Nup133p, Rat2p/Nup120p, Nup85p, Nic96p and the acetyl-CoA carboxylase Acc1p.
		The Ran GTPase system in fission yeast affects microtubules and cytokinesis in cells that are competent for nucleocytoplasmic protein transport.
		Fission yeast Mog1p homologue, which interacts with the small GTPase Ran, is required for mitosis-to-interphase transition and poly(A) RNA metabolism.
	mcb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/24/14/6379 (7111 words)

	World Intellectual Property Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The complementary effects of tyrosine kinases and small GTPases on the p85 molecular switch result in synergy between these two classes of molecules toward the activation of PI3K (and hence Akt) pathway.
		The molecular switch located in p85 regulatory subunit composed of an activation domain and an inhibitory domain, complementary roles of small GTPases and tyrosine kinases in regulating PI 3Kthrough this switch and the p85 inhibitory domain as a molecule to down regulate PIP3 are described in greater detail in the form of specific working examples..
		The GTPase Responsive Domain amino acid sequence shown herein are amino acids 420 to 575 in the GenBank sequence and the Inhibitory Domain amino acids correspond to amino acids 590 to 724 of the full sequence.
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=03/06487.030123&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (8378 words)

	Small GTPase Rah/Rab34 Is Associated with Membrane Ruffles and Macropinosomes and Promotes Macropinosome Formation -- ...
		Small GTPase Rah/Rab34 Is Associated with Membrane Ruffles and Macropinosomes and Promotes Macropinosome Formation -- Sun et al.
		Rah is a small GTPase postulated to be a member of Rab family due to the similarity of its effector domain and C-terminal
		Although small GTPases have four conserved motifs for GTP/GDP-binding and GTPase activities, Rah lacked the fourth motif.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/278/6/4063 (5554 words)

	Rab3D, a Small GTPase, Is Localized on Mast Cell Secretory Granules and Translocates to the Plasma Membrane upon ...
		Rab3D, a Small GTPase, Is Localized on Mast Cell Secretory Granules and Translocates to the Plasma Membrane upon Exocytosis -- Tuvim et al.
		Rab3D, a Small GTPase, Is Localized on Mast Cell Secretory Granules and Translocates to the Plasma Membrane upon Exocytosis
		GTPase activity of Rab5 acts as a timer for endocytic membrane fusion.
	www.ajrcmb.org /cgi/content/full/20/1/79 (6241 words)

	ALS2, a novel guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the small GTPase Rab5, is implicated in endosomal dynamics -- ...
		ALS2, a novel guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the small GTPase Rab5, is implicated in endosomal dynamics -- Otomo et al.
		A total of 14 small GTPases, including ARF1, ARF6, Rab3A, Rab4A, Rab5A, Rab5B, Rab5C, Rab7, Rab9A, Rab11A, Ran, Rac1, RhoA and Cdc42, were subjected to the in vitro GDP dissociation assay.
		H]GDP-preloaded small GTPase was incubated with the immunoprecipitated FLAG-ALS2_L (gray bars) or FLAG-tag alone (empty; as a control, open bars) from COS-7 cells.
	hmg.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/12/14/1671 (7925 words)

	Small GTPase Rin induces neurite outgrowth through Rac/Cdc42 and calmodulin in PC12 cells -- Hoshino and Nakamura 163 ...
		Small GTPase RhoG is a key regulator for neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells.
		Small GTPases Rac and Rho in the maintenance of dendritic spines and branches in hippocampal pyramidal neurons.
		Biochemical characterization of the Ras-related GTPases Rit and Rin.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/163/5/1067 (5892 words)

	Small GTPases: Versatile Signaling Switches in Plants -- Yang 14 (Supplement 1): 375 -- THE PLANT CELL
		Small GTPases, having masses of 21 to 30 kD, are monomeric guanine
		The DN mutant of GTPase is locked in GDP-bound or nucleotide-free form, and the CA mutant is locked in GTP-bound form.
		Batoko, H., Zheng, H.Q., Hawes, C., and Moore, I. A rab1 GTPase is required for transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus and for normal Golgi movement in plants.
	www.plantcell.org /cgi/content/full/14/suppl_1/S375 (7674 words)

	Activation of the Small GTPase Rac Is Sufficient to Disrupt Cadherin-dependent Cell-Cell Adhesion in Normal Human ...
		Activation of the Small GTPase Rac Is Sufficient to Disrupt Cadherin-dependent Cell-Cell Adhesion in Normal Human Keratinocytes -- Braga et al.
		Braga, V.M.M., Machesky, L.M., Hall, A., and Hotchin, N.A. The small GTPases Rho and Rac are required for the establishment of cadherin-dependent cell-cell contacts.
		Ridley, A.J., and Hall, A. The small GTP-binding protein Rho regulates the assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers in response to growth factors.
	www.molbiolcell.org /cgi/content/full/11/11/3703 (7980 words)

	Nelson Lab / Publications
		Jou, T-S., Leung S-M., Fung, L. M., Ruiz, W. G., Nelson W. and Apodaca, G. Roles of the small GTPase Rac1 in biosynthetic and endocytic trafic in polarized MDCK epithelial cells.
		Jou, T-S., and Nelson, W. Effects of regulated expression of mutant RhoA and Rac1 small GTPases on the development of epithelial (MDCK) cell polarity.
		Jou, T-S, Schneeberger, E., and Nelson, W. Structural and functional regulation of tight junctions by RhoA and Rac1 small GTPases.
	nelsonlab.stanford.edu /papers.html (1551 words)

	Deficiency of Small GTPase Rac2 Affects T Cell Activation -- Yu et al. 194 (7): 915 -- The Journal of Experimental ...
		Nobes, C.D., and Hall, A. Rho, rac, and cdc42 GTPases regulate the assembly of multimolecular focal complexes associated with actin stress fibers, lamellipodia, and filopodia.
		Deficiency of the hematopoietic cell-specific Rho family GTPase Rac2 is characterized by abnormalities in neutrophil function and host defense.
		Chong, L.D., Traynor-Kaplan, A., Bokoch, G.M., and Schwartz, M.A. The small GTP-binding protein Rho regulates a phosphatidylinositol 4- phosphate 5-kinase in mammalian cells.
	www.jem.org /cgi/content/full/194/7/915 (5572 words)

	Preferential and Asymmetrical Accumulation of a Rac Small GTPase mRNA in Differentiating Xylem Cells of Zinnia elegans ...
		Preferential and Asymmetrical Accumulation of a Rac Small GTPase mRNA in Differentiating Xylem Cells of Zinnia elegans -- Nakanomyo et al.
		Preferential and Asymmetrical Accumulation of a Rac Small GTPase mRNA in Differentiating Xylem Cells of Zinnia elegans
		Zinnia cells a gene (ZeRAC2) encoding a new Rac-type small GTPase.
	pcp.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/43/12/1484 (285 words)

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