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Topic: Small interfering RNA

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RNA world hypothesis

messenger RNA

RNA gene

RNA polymerase

RNA interference

transfer RNA

small interfering RNAs

RNA World

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	Altogen Biosystems - Transfection Resource
		RNA interference (RNAi) is a phenomenon by which the expression of double stranded RNA (dsRNA) specifically stimulates a cellular process that reduces gene expression in a sequence specific manner.
		Potent inhibition of specific gene expression is experimentally achieved by the transfection of small interfering RNA (siRNA), which binds RISC complex and cause degradation of target complementary mRNA molecules in the cell.
		Small RNA molecules, such as siRNA, shRNA, and microRNA have been regarded as potential therapeutic agents to target multiple misregulated cellular processes therefore it is theoretically possible that RNAi can be utilized to treat any disease associated with overexpression of specific genes.
	www.altogen.com /transfection.html (2301 words)

	Small interfering RNA - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Small interfering RNA (siRNA), sometimes known as short interfering RNA, are a class of 20-25 nucleotide-long RNA molecules that interfere with the expression of genes.
		They are naturally produced as part of the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway by the enzyme Dicer.
		RNA interference is mediated by 21- and 22-nucleotide RNAs
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/SiRNA (600 words)

	LYNX Small RNA MPSS (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Micro RNAs (miRNA) are the result of the cleavage of longer precursors possessing a hairpin structure whereas small interfering RNAs (siRNA) and repeat associated small interfering RNAs (rasiRNA) are derived from double stranded RNA structures.
		After the total RNA is harvested and run on a polyacrylamide gel, the band corresponding to RNAs sized between 18 and 25 nucleotides is cut out and the RNA is recovered.
		A large number of the small RNA molecules map back to the regions of the genome containing transposons or repeats, indicating that these regions are actively silenced by this mechanism.
	www.lynxgen.com /wt/tert.php3?page_name=small_rna_mpss (765 words)

	RNA, Small Interfering, pharmacology
		RNA interference is an evolutionarily conserved process in which expression of a specific gene is post-transcriptionally inhibited by a small interfering RNA (siRNA), which recognizes a complementary mRNA and induces its degradation.
		Currently, RNA interference is being used extensively to inhibit expression of specific genes for experimental and therapeutic purposes.
		RNA interference (RNAi) holds considerable promise as a therapeutic approach to silence disease-causing genes, particularly those that encode so-called 'non-druggable' targets that are not amenable to conventional therapeutics such as small molecules, proteins, or monoclonal antibodies.
	lib.bioinfo.pl /meid:3149 (2556 words)

	AEGiS-AmFAR: RNA Interference: Teaching Cells New Antiviral Tricks - October 2002
		Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a new technology that holds great promise in all these areas.
		Small interfering RNAs are components of a larger antiviral response called RNA interference (or RNAi), a cellular defense first uncovered in flatworms and plants.
		Because these RNA strands were so short (only 21 to 22 nucleotide pairs long), they slipped unnoticed past the inflammatory response, only to be taken up by the RNAi pathway.
	www.aegis.com /pubs/amfar/2002/AM021002.html (1898 words)

	Euchromatin Forums Home Page.
		Euchromatin synthesis of specific RNA species from selected gene loci is crucial in embryogenesis and cell differentiation, the immune response and the hormone response, organ regeneration and the neoplastic state.
		Frenster JH, and Herstein PR, "RNA in Gene De-Repression", in: Proc.
		Persengiev SP, Zhu X and Green MR, "Nonspecific, concentration-dependent stimulation and repression of mammalian gene expression by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs)", RNA, vol.
	www.euchromatin.org (1156 words)

	Knockdown of chimeric glucocerebrosidase by green fluorescent protein-directed small interfering RNA
		The use of specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to knock down target genes is an attractive option for studying such processes, though a glucocerebrosidase-specific siRNA has yet to be reported.
		RNAi is a multi-step process involving the generation of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in vivo through the action of the RNAse III endonuclease Dicer.
		RNA was isolated at 48 h post-transfection with the RNeasy
	www.funpecrp.com.br /gmr/year2004/vol2-3/gmr0100_full_text.htm (1503 words)

	Phenomenon of RNA Interference Used to Improve Resistance to HIV Infection in Human Cells : PressPass (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The powerful tool is a small interfering RNA, or siRNA, that has the potential to change the face not only of HIV treatment, but treatment for other illnesses including hepatitis, cancer and a catalog of genetic diseases.
		These RNA snippets in fact seem to play a role in gene regulation, while defects in small RNAs may be responsible for the onset of certain diseases such as Prader-Willi and Fragile X Syndrome.
		Small RNA also may offer new insights into such infectious agents such as hepatitis C virus, which has been tough for scientists to decipher.
	www.cityofhope.org /presspass/news_releases_view.asp?id=1016 (1447 words)

	Small interfering RNA urokinase silencing inhibits invasion and migration of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells -- ...
		Small interfering RNA urokinase silencing inhibits invasion and migration of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells -- Salvi et al.
		Small interfering RNA urokinase silencing inhibits invasion and migration of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells
		RNA interference by expression of short-interfering RNAs and hairpin RNAs in mammalian cells.
	mct.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/3/6/671 (4091 words)

	Susceptibility of Human Hepatitis Delta Virus RNAs to Small Interfering RNA Action -- Chang and Taylor 77 (17): 9728 -- ...
		Indicated on the 1,679-nt genomic RNA is the origin for the nucleotide numbering, according to the sequence of Kuo et al.
		Gene silencing in mammals by small interfering RNAs.
		Small interfering RNA-mediated inhibition of hepatitis C virus replication in the human hepatoma cell line Huh-7.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/77/17/9728 (2290 words)

	Ambion, Inc - Selected RNA Interference (RNAi) References
		Reversal of MDR1/P-glycoprotein-Mediated Multidrug Resistance by Vector-Based RNA Interference In Vitro and In Vivo.
		Knockdown of Ki-67 by small interfering RNA leads to inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in human renal carcinoma cells.
		RNA interference in Haemonchus contortus: Suppression of beta-tubulin gene expression in L3, L4 and adult worms in vitro.
	www.ambion.com /techlib/tb/tb_503.html (1588 words)

	Eurogentec - Custom siRNA
		RNA interference is a mechanism of gene silencing at the mRNA level.
		In this context, the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) appeared as a ray of sun in a gloomy Sunday.
		Interference with the expression of abundant structural proteins such as lamin is difficult in fast dividing cells.
	uk.eurogentec.com /code/en/page_10_395_395.htm (2940 words)

	small interfering rna from Gene Link
		RNA interference (RNAi) is a specific and sequence dependent targeted gene silencing activity.
		The process of RNA interference varies by individual siRNA while some do not exhibit any interference at all.
		small interfering rna for demanding applications and consistent results.
	www.genelink.com /siRNA/rnaimain.asp?id=18 (133 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The mediators of mRNA degradation are small interfering RNA duplexes (siRNAs), which are normally produced from long dsRNA by enzymatic cleavage in the cell.
		RNA in samples taken at 0,2, 4,8, 12,24, and 38 hours post transfection was performed.
		A composition comprising; a) small interfering RNA duplexes (siRNAs), or vectors encoding said siRNA, configured to inhibit expression of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHr) protein, and b) a nucleic acid transfecting agent.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=05/16274.050224&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (8974 words)

	Science & Medicine \| RNA Interference Could Provide New Method for Fighting HIV, Researchers Say - Kaisernetwork.org
		RNA interference -- an "ancient" process by which small interfering RNA breaks down messenger RNA, thereby disrupting the transfer of genetic material necessary for viral replication -- could hold promise for fighting HIV and other viruses, according to an article published in yesterday's edition of the
		They note that transferring small interfering RNA, or siRNA, into cells is an "inefficient process" and that researchers must devise ways to ensure that the siRNA remains stable once inside the cell.
		If researchers can harness RNA interference, they may be able to target viruses other than HIV and "mutant" genes in cancer cells, Kitabwalla and Ruprecht report.
	www.kaisernetwork.org /daily_reports/rep_index.cfm?DR_ID=14244 (279 words)

	Sustained Small Interfering RNA-Mediated Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Inhibition in Primary Macrophages -- Song ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		RNA interference (RNAi) is an evolutionarily conserved posttranscriptional
		Inhibition of HIV-1 infection by small interfering RNA-mediated RNA interference.J. Immunol.
		RNA interference is mediated by 21- and 22-nucleotide RNAs.Genes Dev.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/77/13/7174 (4078 words)

	RNA interference and the use of small interfering RNA to study gene function in mammalian systems -- Bantounas et al. ...
		RNA interference and the use of small interfering RNA to study gene function in mammalian systems -- Bantounas et al.
		Nicholson RH and Nicholson AW 2002 Molecular characterization of a mouse cDNA encoding Dicer, a ribonuclease III ortholog involved in RNA interference.
		Nykanen A, Haley B and Zamore PD 2001 ATP requirements and small interfering RNA structure in the RNA interference pathway.
	jme.endocrinology-journals.org /cgi/content/full/33/3/545 (5767 words)

	Rémy Froissart (perso) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		RNA interference is a cellular process of gene silencing in which small duplexes of RNA specifically target a homologous sequence for cleavage by cellular ribonucleases.
		Silencing of HCV RNAs was dose dependent and specific, inasmuch as two HCV variants that differ by 3 nt within the target sequence were only silenced by the exact homologous sequence for each.
		RNA interference (RNAi) is a recently discovered antiviral mechanism present in plants and animals that induces double- stranded RNA degradation.
	remy.froissart.free.fr /rdp/sante2.html (730 words)

	Adenovirus VA1 Noncoding RNA Can Inhibit Small Interfering RNA and MicroRNA Biogenesis -- Lu and Cullen 78 (23): 12868 ...
		RNA interference (RNAi) is a mechanism of eukaryotic posttranscriptional
		P-labeled VA1 RNA probe was incubated with recombinant Dicer in the presence (+) or absence of the indicated fold excess of various unlabeled competitor RNAs.
		Characterization of the double-stranded RNA implicated in the inhibition of protein synthesis in cells infected with a mutant adenovirus defective for VA RNA
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/78/23/12868 (5479 words)

	FOCUS - February 20, 2004 - CELL BIOLOGY: RNA Puts on the RITS, Hushes DNA
		"RNA interference seems to be a pathway that touches every aspect of gene expression from transcription to messenger RNA degradation to translation," Moazed said.
		The RNA interference pathway "was once thought to operate solely at a posttranscriptional level in the cytoplasm," according to Sarah Elgin of Washington University and James Birchler of the University of Missouri, the senior authors of the fruit fly paper.
		The RITS complex carries small RNAs whose four-letter sequences are exact complements of the DNA region they target.
	focus.hms.harvard.edu /2004/Feb20_2004/cell_biology.html (1097 words)

	Inhibition of intracellular hepatitis C virus replication by synthetic and vector-derived small interfering RNAs -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Suppression of replicon RNA and replicon-derived hepatitis C virus non-structural-protein synthesis by small interfering RNA 331.
		Effects of expressing small interfering RNA 331 from a DNA-based vector on hepatitis C virus internal-ribosomal-entry-site-mediated translation and replication.
		Wang, C., Sarnow, P. and Siddiqui, A. (1993) Translation of human hepatitis C virus RNA in cultured cells is mediated by an internal ribosome-binding mechanism.
	emboreports.npgjournals.com /cgi/content/full/4/6/602 (4258 words)

	Studying Aging with RNA interference. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		RNA (ribonucleic acid) serves the role of a photocopy that is made from selected pages of the
		RNA interference is a novel technique (first reported in 1998) that has generated a buzz in
		or RNA interference (RNAi) to inhibit the expression of a specific gene.
	www.immortality.org /RNAi.html (576 words)

	Small Interfering RNA-induced Suppression of MDR1 (P-Glycoprotein) Restores Sensitivity to Multidrug-resistant Cancer ...
		Small Interfering RNA-induced Suppression of MDR1 (P-Glycoprotein) Restores Sensitivity to Multidrug-resistant Cancer Cells -- Wu et al.
		RNA interference is a conserved biological response to double-stranded
		Inhibition of ABCB1 (MDR1) and ABCB4 (MDR3) expression by small interfering RNA and reversal of paclitaxel resistance in human ovarian cancer cells
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/63/7/1515 (673 words)

	Small RNA surmounts large cancer problem
		Stable expression of small interfering RNA sensitizes TEL-PDGFbetaR to inhibition with imatinib or rapamycin
		Small interfering RNAs work by inhibiting the expression of specific genes that have a matching complimentary sequence.
		This study demonstrates that small inhibitory RNA treatment may be an extremely useful adjunct to cancer treatments, and can also aid in overcoming the common problem of drug resistance when used in conjunction with anticancer agents.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-06/joci-srs060704.php (329 words)

	Small Interfering RNA Suppression of Polyamine Analog-Induced Spermidine/Spermine N1-Acetyltransferase -- Chen et al. ...
		Small Interfering RNA Suppression of Polyamine Analog-Induced Spermidine/Spermine N1-Acetyltransferase -- Chen et al.
		Elbashir SM, Lendeckel W, and Tuschl T (2001b) RNA interference is mediated by 21- and 22-nucleotide RNAs.
		McManus MT and Sharp PA (2002) Gene silencing in mammals by small interfering RNAs.
	molpharm.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/64/5/1153 (4384 words)

	World J Gastroenterol (Site not responding. Last check: )
		AIM: To synthesize three small-interference RNAs (siRNAs) by T7 RNA polymerase-catalyzed reaction, and to investigate their efficacy on modulating the expression of serine/threonine kinase Pim-2 in human colon cancer cell line.
		Transfection of the RNA oligonucleotides was performed using Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen) as directed by the manufacturer to result in a final RNA concentration of 50 nmol/L. After transfection (incubation for 6 h at 37 °C), cells were washed with PBS and incubated in fresh culture medium until additional analyses.
		RNA interference by expression of short-interfering RNAs and hairpin RNAs in
	www.wjgnet.com /1007-9327/10/2657.asp (2823 words)

	Inhibition of HIV-1 Infection by Small Interfering RNA-Mediated RNA Interference -- Capodici et al. 169 (9): 5196 -- ...
		Inhibition of HIV-1 Infection by Small Interfering RNA-Mediated RNA Interference -- Capodici et al.
		Inhibition of HIV-1 Infection by Small Interfering RNA-Mediated RNA Interference
		RNA interference (RNAi) is an ancient antiviral response that processes
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/abstract/169/9/5196 (830 words)

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