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Topic: Smallpox vaccine

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	Smallpox Vaccine Research at the Medical College of Wisconsin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Smallpox had killed hundreds of millions of people through the centuries, but in the late 1700s medical practitioners noticed that milkmaids who had been exposed to cowpox were immune to smallpox.
		Vaccinations of an entire region or the entire country are not expected to be necessary.
		Smallpox vaccine is not currently available to civilians in the US, although the CDC has a small amount available for lab workers who use vaccinia virus and other poxviruses in their research.
	healthlink.mcw.edu /article/1009470534.html (1038 words)

	Smallpox Vaccines: Questions and Answers
		Smallpox (variola major) is a particularly dangerous biological weapon threat because of the severity of the illness it causes and the fact that it can be spread from person to person.
		The vaccine is administered to the superficial layers of the skin using a bifurcated, or double-pointed, needle.
		One such attenuated vaccine is referred to as modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA), a potential alternative smallpox vaccine that is under study based on the hope that it might be both safe and effective for individuals at high risk of complications from existing smallpox vaccines.
	www.fda.gov /cber/vaccine/smallpox.htm (2549 words)

	Smallpox Vaccine Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Smallpox is a serious, highly communicable viral disease characterized by an incubation period of approximately 7-17 days.
		Smallpox vaccine was discontinued as a routine vaccine in the USA in 1971 and the last naturally occurring case of smallpox occurred in Somalia in 1977.
		When smallpox was a routine vaccine in the USA the first dose was given during the first year of life, usually at about 7 months of age.
	www.wellontheroad.com /smallpox.html (1312 words)

	Smallpox
		Smallpox vaccine is currently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use only in persons in special-risk categories, including laboratory workers directly involved with smallpox or closely related orthopoxviruses.
		The seasonal occurrence of smallpox was similar to that of chickenpox and measlesits incidence was highest during winter and early spring.16 This pattern was consonant with the observation that the duration of survival of orthopoxviruses in the aerosolized form was inversely proportional to both temperature and humidity.
		In rural areas that had seen little vaccination or smallpox, the age distribution of cases was similar to the age distribution of the population.
	smallpox.phages.org (2346 words)

	Smallpox vaccine risks
		Fatal complications caused by vaccinia vaccination are rare, with approximately 1 death/million primary vaccinations and 0.25 deaths/million revaccinations (54).
		Because of the increased risk for eczema vaccinatum, vaccinia vaccine should not be administered to persons with eczema of any degree, those with a past history of eczema, those whose household contacts have active eczema, or whose household contacts have a history of eczema.
		Live-viral vaccines are contraindicated during pregnancy; therefore, vaccinia vaccine should not be administered to pregnant women for routine nonemergency indications.
	www.vaccinationnews.com /Scandals/feb_8_02/SmallVaxRisks.htm (1578 words)

	CDC Smallpox Vaccine Overview
		It is important to note, however, that at the time when the smallpox vaccine was used to eradicate the disease, testing was not as advanced or precise as it is today, so there may still be things to learn about the vaccine and its effectiveness and length of protection.
		Anyone directly exposed to smallpox, regardless of health status, would be offered the smallpox vaccine because the risks associated with smallpox disease are far greater than those posed by the vaccine.
		Routine smallpox vaccination among the American public stopped in 1972 after the disease was eradicated in the United States.
	www.bt.cdc.gov /agent/smallpox/vaccination/facts.asp (1041 words)

	NGC - NGC Summary
		Vaccination is not recommended for persons who do not directly handle nonhighly attenuated virus cultures or materials or who do not work with animals contaminated or infected with these viruses.
		Nonhospital isolation of confirmed or suspected smallpox patients should be of a sufficient degree to prevent the spread of disease to nonimmune persons during the time the patient is considered potentially infectious (i.e., from the onset of symptoms until all scabs have separated).
		If a vaccinated or unvaccinated contact experiences a fever >101 degrees F (38 degrees C) during the 17-day period after his or her last exposure to a smallpox patient, the contact should be isolated immediately to prevent contact with nonvaccinated or nonimmune persons until smallpox can be ruled out by clinical or laboratory examination.
	www.guideline.gov /summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=2850 (3917 words)

	smallpox vaccine
		If the vaccine virus is put on an area where the skin is broken or on a mucous membrane such as the mouth, eye, vagina, or rectum, then sores develop that are similar to the sore at the vaccination site.
		When the smallpox vaccine was given to pregnant women, the vaccine virus was sometimes transmitted to their unborn babies and caused serious infections and sometimes premature birth.
		Vaccinated individuals in the workplace should have their smallpox vaccine site covered with special bandages that will markedly reduce, if not eliminate, the risk of their transmitting the virus to you.
	www.itppeople.com /smallpox.htm (1514 words)

	USATODAY.com - Hospitals balk at smallpox vaccine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		But their numbers are growing as doctors and administrators at hospitals around the USA are concluding that the known health risks from the vaccine, which can cause illness and even death, outweigh the unquantifiable risks of smallpox being used as a terrorist weapon.
		Smallpox is known to exist today only in laboratories in Moscow and at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta.
		The White House plan to offer smallpox vaccination to about 440,000 health care workers is expected to begin Friday, but exactly how many will roll up their sleeves for the vaccine is uncertain.
	www.usatoday.com /news/health/2003-01-20-smallpox-cover-usat_x.htm (2048 words)

	Smallpox vaccine
		New smallpox vaccines are being developed as a contingency for the protection of civilian and military personnel against the deliberate dissemination of the smallpox virus by terrorists.
		During the smallpox eradication programme, targeted vaccination of close contacts played the most important role in preventing the spread of the disease and assured the administration of vaccine to those at greatest risk.
		Smallpox vaccine should not be administered to pregnant women for routine non-emergency indications.
	www.who.int /vaccines/en/smallpox.shtml (616 words)

	Understanding the Smallpox Vaccine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The vaccine is made from a virus called vaccinia, which is another “pox”-type virus related to smallpox but cannot cause smallpox.
		Since smallpox vaccinations can cause death in this population, they should not take the risks associated with the vaccination unless they have been directly exposed to smallpox — and even then, should first consult their physician regarding their medical options.
		Vaccinated persons must be very cautious to prevent transmission of the vaccine virus to pregnant women or other contacts.
	www.dermwestconn.com /new/understand_smallpox.html (1870 words)

	CNN.com - Bush orders smallpox vaccine for military, himself - Jan. 30, 2004
		Licensed vaccines will be available to the general public in 2004, but the vaccine poses significant risks for certain groups.
		The vaccine will be administered to about 500,000 troops deployed in high-risk parts of the world in the first phase of the vaccination plan.
		Smallpox is a virus that kills one in every three people it infects, and most survivors are disfigured.
	archives.cnn.com /2002/HEALTH/12/13/bush.smallpox (1004 words)

	BBC News \| HEALTH \| Smallpox vaccine 'could kill hundreds'
		Dr Alex Kemper, who led the project, said: "The risk posed by smallpox vaccination is greater than the risk from other recommended vaccines, such as the MMR vaccine or the varicella vaccine against chickenpox.
		Many polls in the US say that there would be a high demand for smallpox vaccination should it become available - perhaps fuelled by the anthrax scares in the wake of 11 September.
		The research found that a mass vaccination programme would cost the US $270m, compared with $340,000 for a system of quarantine and vaccination in the event of an attack.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/health/1973070.stm (416 words)

	Smallpox (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Smallpox, the most universally feared of all diseases during recent centuries, is now a vaccine preventable disease of historical interest only, its global eradication having been certified in 1980.
		Smallpox could occur and spread in any country, and case fatality rates were little altered by therapy.
		Smallpox vaccination in the United States began four years later, but its routine widespread use did not commence until early this century.
	edcp.org /html/smallpx.html (355 words)

	eMedicine - CBRNE - Smallpox : Article by Christopher J Hogan, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Vaccination of the general population in the United States ceased after 1980, and vaccination in military personnel was discontinued in 1989 until 2003, when more than 500,000 troops were vaccinated in response to the significant possibility of a terrorist attack involving the smallpox virus.
		Licensure of the Acambis vaccine was initially estimated to occur in 2004, although studies investigating the vaccine are on hold because of potential side effects (myopericarditis).
		When treating smallpox, give special care to patients with HIV; pregnant women; patients with eczema, leukemia, or malignancy that requires chemotherapy; and patients with hereditary immune disorders, all of whom should be given VIG instead of the vaccination.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic885.htm (5467 words)

	Smallpox Vaccine: What You Should Know -- familydoctor.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The smallpox vaccine is made from a live virus that’s very similar to the smallpox virus.
		A Smallpox Response Team is a group of medical professionals who have received the smallpox vaccine.
		Efforts are currently focused on vaccinating members of the military, civilians whose jobs put them at a higher risk of smallpox infection and certain health care workers.
	familydoctor.org /handouts/740.html (649 words)

	Military Vaccines (MILVAX): The DoD Smallpox Vaccination Program
		Smallpox is contagious, deadly, and would disrupt military missions.
		Smallpox vaccine prevents smallpox and we will use it carefully.
		The Defense Department's smallpox vaccination program is part of our national strategy to safeguard Americans against smallpox attack.
	www.smallpox.army.mil (138 words)

	Smallpox vaccine failure quotes
		LEICESTER: SANITATION versus VACCINATION BY J.T. It must be borne in mind that the epidemic of 1871-73 found a fully vaccinated population in Leicester, both infantile and adult, whilst those of 1892-94 and 1902-04 occurred in populations essentially unvaccinated.
		Their smallpox cases from 1865 to 1873 totalled 248, without one unvaccinated man, woman or child to be found amongst the lot.
		Vaccinated and unvaccinated, re-vaccinated, and those who had previously suffered from small-pox were alike attacked; the overwhelming majority of the cases were vaccinated, doubtless because, there are, except in the first two years of life, many more vaccinated than unvaccinated persons.
	www.whale.to /vaccine/quotes10.html (4496 words)

	Smallpox (Vaccinia) Vaccine Injury Table
		to whom a smallpox vaccine is administered pursuant to a Plan during the effective period of the Declaration.
		prior to contracting vaccinia, was accidentally inoculated by a smallpox vaccine recipient or a contact of such a person.
		Individuals who have injuries not in the Table injuries also may be considered eligible for benefits if their injuries can be shown to be the direct result of the smallpox vaccine, other covered countermeasures or vaccinia.
	www.hrsa.gov /smallpoxinjury (532 words)

	smallpox
		Smallpox is caused by a virus that may be airborne or spread by direct contact.
		They mapped the genetic sequence of three strains of smallpox, and the destruction of the remaining samples of the live virus was scheduled and postponed several times.
		led the United States and other nations to stockpile doses of smallpox vaccine out of concern that the smallpox virus might be used by terrorists, and WHO agreed to delay the destruction of virus stocks beyond 2002 to allow for the development of new vaccines.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/sci/A0845577.html (529 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Health \| Alternative vaccine for smallpox
		An alternative vaccine, such as MVA, with improved safety is needed to immunize those at high risk of side-effects with the current vaccine.
		The UK has stockpiled supplies of smallpox vaccine for use in an emergency.
		However, it is accepted that a mass vaccination programme would lead to a small number of deaths, as it would be inevitable that some people would suffer an adverse reaction.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/health/3544269.stm (418 words)

	USNews.com: Health: In Brief: Infectious Diseases: Smallpox vaccine (12/2/04)
		What they did: Three hundred forty adults ages 18 to 32 who'd never been vaccinated for smallpox were randomly assigned to get full-strength vaccine, 20 percent vaccine (diluted with water and glycerine), or 10 percent vaccine.
		Blood tests on 140 of the volunteers whose vaccinations "took" showed that all but one had antibodies to smallpox in their bloodstream.
		What the study means to you: The smallpox stores do seem to be plenty for vaccinating the entire U.S. population in case there's an outbreak.
	www.usnews.com /usnews/health/briefs/infectiousdiseases/hb041202b.htm (395 words)

	CIDRAP >> Smallpox
		Smallpox shots caused unexpected side effects in CDC study
		A population survey of smallpox knowledge, perceptions, and healthcare-seeking behavior surrounding the Iraq invasion
		Clinical responses to smallpox vaccine in vaccinia-naive and previously vaccinated populations: undiluted and diluted Lancy-Vaxina vaccine
	www.cidrap.umn.edu /cidrap/content/bt/smallpox (232 words)

	Recommended list - Smallpox/smallpox vaccine
		AAOHN’s comments regarding the use of the smallpox vaccine, in preparation for the possibility of a bioterrorist attack becoming a reality:Use of the Smallpox Vaccine in Bioterrorism Preparedness Efforts
		All information, data, and material contained, presented, or provided here is for general information purposes only and is not to be construed as reflecting the knowledge or opinions of the publisher, and is not to be construed or intended as providing medical or legal advice.
		The decision whether or not to vaccinate is an important and complex issue and should be made by you, and you alone, in consultation with your health care provider.
	www.vaccinationnews.com /RecommendedList/Smallpox.htm (933 words)

	Vaccination Information & Choice Network - Vaccine/Vaccination/Immunization Dangers
		The major article written about smallpox and the use of Variolinum as both treatment and Prophylactic was presented by C.W. Eaton at the AIH Meeting in 1907.
		I gave about three hundred internal vaccinations, five to adults acting as practical nurses; to the man who installed the telephone and lights in the pest-house; to mothers who slept with their children while they had smallpox in its severest form.
		He proved that internal vaccination was safe, an effective, and that our city physician was not as well informed on smallpox as he should have been.
	www.nccn.net /~wwithin/smallpox.htm (1784 words)

	A-1 database on vaccines and news about vaccines
		The Vaccine Page provides access to up-to-the-minute news about vaccines and an annotated database of vaccine resources on the Internet.
		The Vaccine Page does not control the content of those news items, or of any commercial offerings you may encounter on those pages.
		The training resources and vaccine awareness services are designed to support the day-to-day needs of health care professionals who manage local immunization services.
	www.vaccines.com (366 words)

	Illinois Vaccine Awareness Coalition - Smallpox Vaccine Insert
		Illinois Vaccine Awareness Coalition - Smallpox Vaccine Insert
		site inspection 6-8 days post vaccination for a crusty or ulcerous legion; if note observed, repeat vaccination with another vaccine lot until successful result.
		For compete information, ask your doctor for Smallpox Vaccine package insert.
	www.vaccineawareness.org /IllinoisIssues/SmallpoxInsert.htm (270 words)

	Hardin MD : Smallpox & Smallpox Vaccine (Small Pox) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Comparing the stages of rash between smallpox and chickenpox
		Variola (Smallpox) and its mimics (Chickenpox, shingles, molluscum contagiosum)
		Last updated Monday, Jul 11, 2005 [smallpox virus picture, small pox pictures, smallpox virus image, pictures of smallpox, symptoms of small pox, smallpox symtoms, smallpox symptons, smallpox vaccination, small pox vaccine, smallpox bacteria pictures, small pox vaccination, biological warfare pictures, bioterrorism pictures, chickenpox pictures, shingles pictures] [141063
	www.lib.uiowa.edu /hardin/md/smallpox.html (111 words)

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