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	Chapter 1 - Introduction
		Smallpox is a highly contagious and virulent, often fatal infectious disease caused by variola virus, a large orthopoxvirus of the family Poxviridae, subfamily Chordopoxvirinae.
		Cowpox virus is a virus of rodents that is transmitted to humans by cows or cats (21).
		Virus is most likely to be found in the blood in the first few days of the preeruptive fever, particularly in severe infections (14).
	www.afip.org /Departments/infectious/sp/text/1_1.htm (3540 words)

	Smallpox Fact Sheet
		Smallpox is an acute infectious disease caused by a virus.
		Smallpox was declared eradicated from the earth in 1980.
		Smallpox lesions tend to be deeper in the skin than chickenpox lesions, hard to the touch, and the vesicles are tough to break.
	health.utah.gov /epi/fact_sheets/smallpox.html (1319 words)

	WHO \| Frequently asked questions and answers on smallpox
		Smallpox is an ancient disease caused by the variola virus.
		Smallpox has existed for at least 3,000 years and was one of the world’s most feared diseases until it was eradicated by a collaborative global vaccination programme led by the World Health Organization.
		Smallpox no longer occurs naturally since it was totally eradicated by a lengthy and painstaking process, which identified all cases and their contacts and ensured that they were all vaccinated.
	www.who.int /csr/disease/smallpox/faq/en (1099 words)

	HHS - Smallpox: Questions and Answers
		Smallpox is an acute, contagious, and sometimes fatal disease caused by the variola virus (an orthopoxvirus), and marked by fever and a distinctive progressive skin rash.
		Smallpox is not known to be transmitted by insects or animals.
		Early results from laboratory studies suggest that the drug cidofovir may fight against the smallpox virus; currently, studies with animals are being done to better understand the drug's ability to treat smallpox disease (the use of cidofovir to treat smallpox or smallpox reactions should be evaluated and monitored by experts at NIH and CDC).
	www.smallpox.gov /QuestionsAnswers.html (3127 words)

	Smallpox Virus (Variola)
		The Spaniards first introduced smallpox into the Western Hemisphere where it rapidly caused the death of millions of native Indians who had had no preceeding experience with the virus and hence were extremely susceptible.
		Jenner had noticed that milkmaids rarely got smallpox and were thus unusually beautiful as most of the rest of the population was disfigured with severe smallpox scarring.
		The fact that the virus infected humans exclusively, did not cause asymptomatic infections, had a single serotype and causes a disease that is easily diagnosed on clinical grounds were other factors that led to the eradication of the disease.
	medinfo.ufl.edu /year2/mmid/bms5300/bugs/smallpox.html (453 words)

	DHMH - Hot Issues - Small Pox Information for Health Care Providers
		The smallpox, monkeypox, and cowpox viruses are the most prominent orthopoxviruses that cause human infections; but only smallpox virus is readily transmissible from person to person.
		Before sending specimens from a patient with suspected smallpox, contact your local health department to ensure that the specimen is properly packaged and transported, and that the laboratory uses the proper techniques to protect their staff.
		Smallpox is most often spread by an ill person releasing droplets from their mouth into the air inhaled by a susceptible person in close contact.
	www.dhmh.state.md.us /html/smallpox.htm (774 words)

	(D2OL)™ - Pathogens - Smallpox
		Smallpox is spread from one person to another by infected saliva droplets that expose a susceptible person having face-to-face contact with the ill person.
		Persons with smallpox are most infectious during the first week of illness, because that is when the largest amount of virus is present in saliva.
		Vaccination against smallpox is not recommended to prevent the disease in the general public and therefore is not available.
	www.d2ol.com /smallpox.html (428 words)

	Smallpox: Frequently Asked Questions
		However, reports that smallpox virus may have been given to facilities other than the designated laboratories in the US and Russia is the source of some concern about the possibility of a threat.
		People with smallpox are most infectious during the first week of illness after the rash develops, because that is when the largest amount of virus is present in saliva.
		Smallpox vaccine should not be administered to people with a history or presence of eczema or other skin conditions, pregnant women, or people with immunodeficiency diseases and among those with suppressed immune systems as occurs with leukemia, lymphoma, generalized malignancy, or solid organ transplantation.
	www.aap.org /advocacy/releases/smallpoxfaq.htm (1388 words)

	An Update on Smallpox
		Smallpox is particularly dangerous because it can be spread from person to person, has a high rate of mortality, and there is no known cure (although it can be prevented through vaccination).
		The smallpox vaccine is not recommended for the general public at this time because the risks of the vaccine are currently thought to outweigh its benefits.
		The vaccinia virus is a live virus that has in the past grown on the skin of calves, sheep, and water buffalo.
	www.fda.gov /fdac/features/2003/203_smallpox.html (1322 words)

	The Smallpox Vaccine — What You Need to Know (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		It is important to note, however, that at the time when the smallpox vaccine was used to eradicate the disease, testing was not as advanced or precise as it is today, so there may still be things to learn about the vaccine and its effectiveness and length of protection.
		The vaccinia virus (the live virus in the smallpox vaccine) may cause rash, fever, and head and body aches.
		Even though there has been no smallpox cases in the world since 1978, because of the potential that smallpox may be used in bioterrorism, people who would be likely to respond to a case of smallpox are being offered the opportunity to get vaccinated.
	www.health.state.ny.us /nysdoh/bt/smallpox/7022.htm (1089 words)

	Smallpox - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Smallpox was ameliorated by inoculation with year-old smallpox matter.
		Smallpox was thus regarded as possession by Sitala.
		"The goddess Sitala and epidemic smallpox in Bengal.".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Smallpox (4663 words)

	Tell Me More About Smallpox
		There were two main types of smallpox virus: variola major, which killed about 20 percent of the people who were infected; and variola minor, which killed about 2 percent of its victims.
		During the next 130 years, the practice of vaccination (using a virus similar to cowpox) was gradually adopted by health workers in all parts of the world, but the disease still persisted in many places where not enough people were vaccinated.
		Given the prevalence of smallpox at the time in the region, one could be certain that the case is smallpox and rashes were imminent.
	www.accessexcellence.org /arc/smallpox.html (1277 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Smallpox
		Smallpox is a viral disease characterized by a skin rash and a high death rate.
		Risk factors for smallpox include being a laboratory worker who handles the virus (rare), or being in the environment where the virus was released as a biological weapon.
		Smallpox has two forms: 1) Variola major -- which is a serious illness with a mortality rate according to the CDC of 30% or more, in unvaccinated people, and 2) Variola minor -- a milder infection with a mortality rate of less than 1%.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/001356.htm (1201 words)

	What Is Smallpox?
		Smallpox is a very serious illness caused by a virus called the variola (say: vair-ee-oh-luh) virus.
		Although the names may sound alike, smallpox is not related to chickenpox, which is a milder disease caused by a different virus.
		In fact, the last case of smallpox in the United States was in 1949, and the last case in the world was in 1977.
	kidshealth.org /kid/health_problems/infection/smallpox.html (537 words)

	Outcry over creation of GM smallpox virus
		But the man who led the successful global vaccination campaign to eradicate smallpox from the wild said he opposed the move on the grounds that the scientific benefits were not worth the risks to public health.
		Laboratory stocks of smallpox are stored at only two locations - one in America and one in Russia - but there are fears that samples of the virus may have fallen into the hands of terrorists.
		Smallpox is one of the biggest killers in the history of infectious diseases.
	www.prisonplanet.com /Pages/Jan05/220105GMSmallpox.html (599 words)

	SMALLPOX: The Weapon // Viewzone
		The Pharaoh Ramses V died of smallpox in 1157 B.C. The disease reached Europe in 710 A.D. and was transferred to America by Hernando Cortez in 1520.
		Mortality of smallpox varies from 10 percent to 30 percent, depending on the age of the population.
		The worst smallpox disaster occurred in the Philippines after a 10 year compulsory US program administered 25 million vaccinations to its population of 10 million resulting in 170,000 cases and more than 75,000 deaths from "smallpox", in a country having only scattered cases in rural villages prior to the onslaught of vaccines.
	www.viewzone.com /smallpox.html (2544 words)

	WHA delays decision on smallpox virus stocks - Report from the 2006 (59th) World Health Assembly (30 May 2006)
		Contentious issues included the establishment of a destruction date for virus stocks (held in the US and Russia), a ban on genetic engineering experiments with the virus, and withdrawal of authorization for types of research that have already fulfilled their public health goals.
		The smallpox issue emerged as the most controversial issue at the WHA, with many developing countries advocating a firm date for destroying the virus stocks and stricter WHO controls and oversight over the stocks and the research undertaken using them.
		She said that when the African region proposed that a date for the destruction of the smallpox virus should be set, some Member States indicated that research in this area would not have been concluded by the time envisaged and that the live variola virus would still be required.
	www.smallpoxbiosafety.org /who/whareport06.html (2034 words)

	CDC Smallpox \| Information on Live Virus Vaccines & Vaccinia
		The vaccinia virus is the "live virus" used in the smallpox vaccine.
		The smallpox vaccine does not contain the smallpox virus and it cannot cause smallpox.
		Because the virus in the smallpox vaccine is live, it can be transmitted to other parts of the body or to other people and so the site must be cared for carefully.
	www.bt.cdc.gov /agent/smallpox/vaccination/live-virus.asp (506 words)

	Smallpox - MayoClinic.com
		Smallpox is a contagious, disfiguring and often deadly disease caused by the variola virus.
		Naturally occurring smallpox was finally eradicated worldwide in the 1970s — the result of an unprecedented immunization campaign.
		Stocks of smallpox virus, set aside for research purposes, are officially stored in two high-security labs — one in the United States and one in Siberia.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/smallpox/DS00424 (269 words)

	Smallpox
		Smallpox is an infection caused by the variola virus, a member of the poxvirus family.
		Fear of smallpox comes from both the epidemic nature of the disease, as well as from the fact that no therapies have ever been discovered to either treat the symptoms of smallpox, or shorten the course of the disease.
		In modern times, a diagnosis of smallpox is made using an electron microscope to identify virus in fluid from the papules, urine, or in the patient's blood prior to the appearance of the papular rash.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/smallpox.jsp (1793 words)

	Public Health Fact Sheet - Smallpox
		Smallpox was a disease caused by the virus (a germ) Variola.
		Smallpox is not contagious until the beginning of the rash (two to three days after fever starts).
		The long-term effectiveness of the smallpox vaccine is uncertain and it is generally assumed that most of the United States population is at risk for smallpox.
	www.mass.gov /dph/cdc/factsheets/fssmallpox.htm (607 words)

	HHS - Smallpox: Information on Live Virus Vaccines and Vaccinia
		It is a "pox"-type virus related to smallpox.
		A "live virus" vaccine is a vaccine that contains a "living" virus that is able to give and produce immunity, usually without causing illness.
		The vaccinia virus, the virus in the smallpox vaccine, is another "pox"-type virus.
	www.smallpox.gov /LiveVirus.html (506 words)

	eMedicine - CBRNE - Smallpox : Article by Christopher J Hogan, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Although the variola virus was believed to infect only humans, infection has recently been elicited in cra-eating macaques when exposed to large amounts of injected and aerosolized virus, thus potentially providing an in vivo source of research that was previously unavailable.
		In one study prior to virus eradication, the morbidity rate was 27% in vaccinated patients and 61% in unvaccinated patients versus a nonpregnant control morbidity rate of 6% (vaccinated) and 35% (unvaccinated).
		The laboratories in the world known to house the smallpox virus are the CDC in Atlanta, Ga; the Russian State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology in Koltsovo; and the Institute of Viral Preparations in Moscow, Russia.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic885.htm (5566 words)

	[No title]
		It appears the woman was accidentally exposed to the live virus in the smallpox vaccine and then likely passed it on to her baby through breastfeeding, military authorities said.
		Lab tests confirmed that the mother and child had been exposed to vaccinia, a pox-like virus related to the smallpox virus that is transmitted through direct contact with an unhealed vaccination site.
		Routine vaccinations for smallpox ended in 1972, however the U.S. military began vaccinating hundreds of thousands of soldiers with the smallpox vaccine in 2002 in response to fears that the virus could be used as a terrorist weapon.
	www.mercola.com /2004/mar/3/smallpox_vaccine.htm (712 words)

	CIDRAP >> Smallpox
		Mutations in the E9L polymerase gene of cidofovir-resistant vaccinia virus strain WR are associated with the drug resistance phenotype
		Genome sequence diversity and clues to the evolution of variola (smallpox) virus
		Prediction of residual immunity to smallpox, by means of an interdermal skin test with inactivated vaccinia virus
	www.cidrap.umn.edu /cidrap/content/bt/smallpox/index.html (375 words)

	HHS - Smallpox
		Chapter 6: Smallpox and Vaccinia by D.A. Henderson and B. Moss in Vaccines, 3rd Ed.
		Smallpox: Smallpox and Vaccinia Laboratory Testing: A National Training Initiative, January 29, 2003 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
		Smallpox Surveillance and Case Reporting; Contact Identification, Tracing, Vaccination, and Surveillance; and Epidemiologic Investigation (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
	www.hhs.gov /smallpox (1609 words)

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