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	Smart weapon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In military science, smart weapons refers to munitions equipped with guidance technology that actively seeks a target with little or no direction from a remote controller after the munitions are launched.
		Smart weapons originated as guided missiles, but include a generation of guidance systems for tactical weapons developed after the crude guidance systems fitted to early rockets.
		If the spread of smart weaponry among competing geopolitical factions followed the patterns with which other new weapons were spread, more widely available smart weapon technology may fuel a race in which nations with dominant technology race to devise smart weapons to outsmart the smart weapons of opponents.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Smart_weapon (273 words)

	smart weapon - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		SMART WEAPON [smart weapon] missile or steerable bomb equipped with a laser, television, or satellite guidance system.
		Smart weapons, which use guidance systems that rely on external assistance, are distinguished from brilliant weapons, which are totally self-guided.
		In the case of a smart bomb with a laser guidance system, an aircraft pilot aims a laser beam at the target, a computer keeps the beam locked on the target, and the bomb has a sensor programmed to find the reflection of the laser's light.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/s/smartweap.asp (405 words)

	Precision-guided munition - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Such weapons were used increasingly by the USAF in the last few years of the Vietnam War because the political climate was increasingly intolerant of collateral damage.
		Laser-guided weapons were used in large numbers during the 1999 Kosovo War, but their effectiveness was often reduced by the poor weather conditions prevalent in the southern Balkans.
		The precision of these weapons is dependent both on the precision of the measurement system used for location determination and the precision in setting the coordinates of the target.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Precision-guided_munition (915 words)

	[No title]
		Smart Weapons Defined In this article, the term smart weapons does not refer to the familiar laser-guided bombs, missiles or other weapon systems that require a human-in-the-loop to perform their mission.
		In fact, a clear definition of smart weapon is nearly as elusive as that of smart person, but the best discriminator seems to be the exact to which the system can operate on its own -- autonomously.
		In fact, smart weapons technology is an outgrowth of an ongoing evolution of technology to provide electronic aids and enhancements to humans, primarily pilots.
	www-cse.stanford.edu /classes/cs201/Projects/autonomous-weapons/articles/smart-weapons.txt (4061 words)

	Kroc Institute : Policy Brief #5 - Toward Smart Sanctions on Iraq
		Smart sanctions would involve a tightened system of border monitoring and verification with an eye toward control of dual-use technologies.
		Although the term smart sanctions is new in U.S. policy circles, defining its precise contours has been the subject of a number of UN expert meetings in recent years.
		Under a smart sanctions regime the Security Council would revamp the current embargo in favor of a modernized sanctions system aimed at two key targets: the control of financial resources generated by the export of Iraqi oil, and the prohibition of imports of weapons and dual-use goods.
	www.nd.edu /~krocinst/polbriefs/pbrief5.shtml (1611 words)

	Smart weapons are a life saving bargain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Smart weapons are extremely complex, requiring highly trained maintenance and operations personnel, which precludes most third worlders from using them on any large scale.
		Smart weapons easily dominate ordinary weapons, as was proved so dramatically in the Gulf War.
		Smart weapons give America and the rest of the civilized world a clear edge in maintaining the peace on terms that are in our best interest, without the crushing expense of a large standing army.
	www.azstarnet.com /public/comm_editorials/Peter_Vokac_134987.html (206 words)

	The New News \| "Smart Weapons Failing Standardized Tests, Serious Shortage Looms"
		Smart weapons, it turns out, aren't computer-aided, but instead are piloted by people.
		Footage of the first smart weapon made its way into the critically acclaimed film, Dr. Strangelove, much to the Pentagon's dismay.
		Nowadays, however, smart weapons are piloted from the inside by children who pass the NAT test.
	www.noapologiespress.com /newnews/smartweapons.html (394 words)

	[No title]
		If the smart system fails to beat the ECM die the smart weapon can be fired as a normal support weapon (firer's quailty die etc.).
		Smart remote weapons may be directed by a sniper (as Colonial Marines Handbook) using the PARGET system.
		The sniper makes a communication roll with the weapons system (the sniper must roll over a 2 on a quailty die), this roll may be spoofed by ECM as usual.
	www.cowell.org /~andy/min/sg2/variants/smart.txt (814 words)

	BBC News \| FORCES AND FIREPOWER \| Smart weapons in forward role
		Precision-guided weapons were among the technical marvels deployed by the Americans in the 1991 Gulf War.
		In the final analysis, the much-trumpeted smart weapons only made up a very small proportion of the arsenal of munitions that were fired against Iraqi targets.
		Indeed developing weapons that can penetrate deeply into the earth or concrete is one of the top priorities of US weapons designers.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/special_report/iraq/53837.stm (476 words)

	Smart Weapons Laser Guided Bombs LGBs, GBU-27, GBU-28 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The weapon is designed for maximum blast effect not penetration, a 38-inch long fuze extender detonates the BLU-82 a few feet above ground.
		The explosive power of this weapon is sometimes compared to a small nuclear blast with overpressure of 1,000lb per in² directly adjacent to the impact point.
		The weapon was used successfully in Bosnia (1994) and in the Balkans (1999) on French Mirage 2000D aircraft.
	www.danshistory.com /lgb.shtml#gbu27 (542 words)

	Those 'Smart' Weapons Are a Good Investment - New York Times
		What I'm not reading in the General Accounting Office's summaries on the effectiveness of "smart" weapons (editorial, July 11) are some important reasons that need to be stressed.
		During the earliest stages of the Gulf War, "smart" weapons were used to suppress and destroy air defenses, ground-to-air missiles and anti-aircraft artillery.
		Then, reliance on "smart" weapons may be the only option.
	query.nytimes.com /gst/fullpage.html?res=9405EFDF1F39F934A25754C0A960958260 (189 words)

	'Smart Weapons' Capability Fielded on USAF F-16s; Software Developed by Lockheed Martin
		All of these weapons employ an inertial guidance system for improved accuracy, with JDAM and JSOW also equipped with a Global Positioning System satellite guidance feature for even higher accuracy.
		These weapons greatly increase the versatility, lethality and survivability of the F-16." The F-16 is the first USAF aircraft to become operational with JSOW and WCMD and is the first USAF fighter to field the JDAM.
		In addition, having these new smart weapons reinforces the F-16's position as the most modern operational fighter in the world." Development of the software update began in 1996.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/09-18-2000/0001315647&EDATE= (1038 words)

	Smart Bio-Weapons are Now Possible DAVID HEARST / The Guardian (UK) 20may03 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Viruses and bacteria could be genetically engineered to evade the human immune system, to create a more effective biological weapon, a leading researcher into bio-weapons said yesterday.
		Speaking at the conference on the future of weaponry, Professor Kathryn Nixdorff, of the University of Darmstadt, said that dangerous micro-organisms had already been produced inadvertently during attempts to modify vaccines and viruses.
		But she dismissed the suggestion that information gained from the sequencing of the human genome could be used to create a biological weapon specific to a particular racial or ethnic group.
	www.mindfully.org /GE/2003/Smart-Bio-Weapons20may03.htm (392 words)

	Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) GBU-31 - Smart Weapons (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The weapon automatically begins its initialization process during captive carry when power is applied by the aircraft.
		Weapon maneuverability and range are enhanced by fixed aerodynamic surfaces (mid-body strakes) attached to the bomb body.
		The weapon system allows launch from very low to very high altitude and can be launched in a dive, toss, loft or in straight and level flight with an on-axis or off-axis delivery.
	www.mfp.usmc.mil /TeamApp/ALD/Topics/20050606090009/jdam[1].htm (2601 words)

	New 'Smart Weapons' and Reconnaissance Pod Certified on Lockheed Martin F-16 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The first weapon is the Lockheed Martin-produced Wind-Corrected Munitions Dispenser (WCMD), which features an inertial reference system that corrects for actual wind effects during the bomb's fall.
		This weapon can be used either as a precision laser-guided bomb, or, if the target coordinates are known, it can use its GPS/INS sensor for guidance as a near-precision, all-weather, "launch-and-leave" weapon.
		The F-16 is used by USAF for development of most new fighter weapons because of its low operation and support costs, large existing stores inventory and ease of integrating "smart weapons" into its fire control system.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/05-19-2000/0001223311&EDATE= (706 words)

	ScienceDaily: With Nature's Help, A Better Vision System For Smart Weapons
		Holloway said today's smart weapons rely on systems that use refractive optics, or lenses that bend light, to produce a focused view of the target.
		This limits a weapon's accuracy on moving targets, as well as its ability to overcome flares or other counter measures designed to confuse the weapon.
		Weapon -- A weapon is a tool which can be used during combat to kill or incapacitate, to destroy property, or to otherwise render resources non-functional or unavailable.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2003/12/031212075348.htm (2183 words)

	[11.0] Modern Smart Munitions / Smart Shells (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The weapons would be networked, allowing one to tell the others that a target had been found and that others might be nearby.
		The weapons were carried on an Army Hunter drone at the end of March 2003 and scored seven hits out of nine drops.
		However, full development of a smart munition that could be fired out of an artillery piece, subjecting it to on the order of 10,000 gees of acceleration, proved difficult, and Copperhead didn't enter service until the mid-1980s.
	www.vectorsite.net /twbombb.html (5756 words)

	How smart have weapons become? Issues in Science and Technology - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Third, electronics could be employed in handheld anti-tank weapons that would make it possible to activate and deactivate these weapons from a central location, making possible wide distribution, even to militias, without fear of their misuse.
		Once a target was identified and located, attacking weapons were available that could be guided to the target by using a navigation grid common to the sensors and to the weapon.
		Developing such weapons would be possible within the constraints of the Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, which prohibits the United States and Russia from possessing ground-based ballistic or cruise missiles with a range between 500 and 5,500 kilometers.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3622/is_200307/ai_n9293525 (899 words)

	B-2 Bomber's Ability To Deliver "Smart" Weapons Enhanced
		The test weapon was an inert GBU-38, a 500-pound Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) weapon produced by The Boeing Company, a major subcontractor to Northrop Grumman on the SBRA program.
		Northrop Grumman is responsible for integrating the Boeing JDAM weapon with the B-2.
		The JDAM is the first smart weapon to take advantage of the new smart bomb rack capability.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/plane-b2-03c.html (513 words)

	Read
		Those much-promoted videos of smart weapons striking exactly on target depicted the exception; fewer than half the munitions used during Desert Storm hit home.
		In 1991, heavy bombers at high altitude dropped dumb iron bombs only, while smart munitions were launched one at a time by fighter bombers such as F-15s and F-18s flying relatively close to their targets.
		Lots of smart bombs aboard heavy bombers means the bombing punch can come fast and furious, rather than at the drip-drip-drip pace of the Gulf War.
	www.slate.com /toolbar.aspx?action=read&id=2079667 (2312 words)

	smart bullet weapons modeling - HERO GAMES Discussion Boards
		I've gotten my inspiration for a weapon from two sources- the force-lance of Andromeda, and the SHAKK from John Barnes' Crux Ops series.
		The ability of these weapons to selectively seek targets over a wide area unseen by the operator is a tricky thing.
		For example, a SHAKK-like weapon, a NIF, is in one story programmed to 'kill everyone within a two-kilometer radius', and fired in a long burst into the air.
	www.herogames.com /forums/showthread.php?t=21109 (461 words)

	BBC News \| UK \| Weather outwits 'smart' weapons
		Some would say these "smart" weapons cannot be that intelligent if they can be stopped by smoke.
		Nato is working hard to bring in aircraft like the B-1 bomber that can deliver weapons whatever the weather - bombs such as the Jdam, a bomb that relies on satellite guidance.
		This is the first time that modern precision-guided weapons - "smart" bombs - have been used in such an extensive operation in a European theatre of operations.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/uk/308069.stm (667 words)

	NDM Article - Navy Aviation: Skills Surpass Smart Weapons
		That fallacy perpetually is fueled by media reports that eulogize the capabilities of smart bombs and portray bombing campaigns as wars fought by remote control.
		The weapons of choice in naval tactical aviation today—the laser-guided bombs, the satellite-guided JDAMs and the laser Maverick missile—are accurate for the most part, but still require significant human skill to make them work properly.
		When you are using an area weapon or a 2,000-pound bomb, it’s precise enough to hit a target.
	www.nationaldefensemagazine.org /issues/2002/Oct/Navy_Aviation.htm (1334 words)

	What's New With Smart Weapons
		During the 1980s a variety of "transitional" weapons were acquired in small numbers, carried on a limited number of platforms.
		While tens of thousands of these weapons are slated for delivery over the coming decade, no more than a few dozen were combat ready.
		These were supplemented, though not yet replaced, by the small numbers of more sophisticated "transitional" weapons that entered the inventory in the early 1990s, as well as very limited numbers of the newer "next generation" weapons now transitioning to operational units.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/systems/munitions/intro-smart.htm (2060 words)

	TIME.com: Beyond the Rubber Bullet -- Page 1
		The U.S.'s nonlethal-weapons programs are drawing their own fire, mostly from human-rights activists who contend that the technologies being developed will be deployed to suppress dissent and that they defy international weapons treaties.
		Like all gaseous weapons, malodorants once released are hard to control, and their use is strictly limited by international chemical-weapons treaties.
		Even their supporters agree that "nonlethal weapons" is a dangerous misnomer and that any of these devices has the potential to injure and kill.
	www.time.com /time/nation/article/0,8599,322588,00.html (1046 words)

	Washingtonpost.com: New Weapons Give Navy Top Air Role
		First, it has improved its weapons and cockpit-targeting systems substantially since the Gulf War, making wide use of laser guidance technology.
		These weapons feature infrared seekers or TV guidance systems that enable them to be steered to a target.
		The two carriers in the gulf have more smart weapons between them than did the six carriers used in the 1991 war, according to Navy officials.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-srv/inatl/longterm/iraq/stories/weapons021298.htm (915 words)

	Smart missiles: weapons can switch targets in flight, send back pictures. \| Public Administration > National ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Army is beginning to develop sophisticated "smart" missiles and launchers, intended to be deployed in advance of maneuver forces.
		The project, called non-line-of-sight launch system, is one of several weapon platforms now being designed for the Future Combat Systems.
		The FCS is potentially a $90 billion program that aims to replace every weapon system in the Army with an integrated network of manned and unmanned vehicles.
	www.allbusiness.com /public-administration/national-security-international/140867-1.html (650 words)

	'Smart bombs' move to center stage in US arsenal \| csmonitor.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		During the 1990s, the military developed a broad assortment of smart munitions that can be fired from safer distances and dropped in any weather conditions; they can also burrow deep underground before exploding, or even correct for wind speed while in flight.
		During the Gulf War, smart bombs were only about a tenth of the munitions used - but they accounted for nearly 75 percent of the targets that were successfully hit, says Air Force historian Richard Hallion.
		Still, as the accidental bombing of the Chinese Embassy in Belgrade by US smart bombs suggests, even the best weapons are only as good as the human intelligence that guides them.
	www.csmonitor.com /2003/0320/p06s01-woiq.html (1053 words)

	Weapons & Materials Research
		The U.S. Army Research Laboratoryâs Weapons and Materials Research Directorate (WMRD) is the principal Army organization for research and development in weapons and materials technologies.
		WMRD conceives, exploits, matures, and transitions novel concepts and technologies in the areas of weapons, protection, robotics, and materials to enhance the lethality and survivability of America's ground forces.
		WMRD also solves technical problems associated with developmental and fielded weapon systems and provides technology and support for enhanced survivability and lethality system assessment and for the Armyâs decision-making process.
	www.arl.army.mil /wmrd/coatings/index.html (256 words)

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